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New Insights for Medicinal Chemical Approaches to Fighting Viruses

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 5271

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Interests: anticancer agents; targeted delivery; analytics; medicinal chemistry; ADME/DMPK
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last ten years, globalization, global warming, and population aging have contributed to the spread of emerging or re-emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, West Nile, Dengue, Zika, Ebola and, recently, monkeypox virus. The number of reported cases is impressive, and considering that many viral infections occur asymptomatically it is conceivable that numbers will increase significantly in the coming years.

With the risk of new epidemics just around the corner, there is an urgent need to find new antivirals that are able to counter future epidemics. Antivirals can be designed using computational methods, rational drug design, or high-throughput screening, or by finding novel uses for already-developed compounds (drug repurposing).

This Special Issue of IJMS will focus on advances in the field of antiviral therapy, including the development of novel antivirals, drug-repurposing approaches, mechanism of action elucidation, sustainable procedures to scale up the synthesis of existing antivirals, and optimization of ADME and PK properties. We welcome the submission of papers focusing on the development of antivirals using cutting-edge technologies such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and ribonuclease-targeting chimeras (RIBOTACs).

Dr. Elena Dreassi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antivirals
  • mechanism of action
  • PROTACs
  • RIBOTACs
  • ADME
  • PK
  • medicinal chemistry
  • viruses

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2981 KiB  
Article
Butyrate Protects against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Tissue Damage in Golden Hamsters
by Huan Yu, Lunzhi Yuan, Zhigang Yan, Ming Zhou, Jianghui Ye, Kun Wu, Wenjia Chen, Rirong Chen, Ningshao Xia, Yi Guan and Huachen Zhu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14191; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814191 - 16 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1834
Abstract
Butyrate, produced by gut microbe during dietary fiber fermentation, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on chronic inflammation diseases, yet it remains to be explored whether butyrate has protective effects against viral infections. Here, we demonstrated that butyrate alleviated tissue injury in severe acute [...] Read more.
Butyrate, produced by gut microbe during dietary fiber fermentation, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on chronic inflammation diseases, yet it remains to be explored whether butyrate has protective effects against viral infections. Here, we demonstrated that butyrate alleviated tissue injury in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected golden hamsters supplemented with butyrate before and during the infection. Butyrate-treated hamsters showed augmentation of type I interferon (IFN) response and activation of endothelial cells without exaggerated inflammation. In addition, butyrate regulated redox homeostasis by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to inhibit excessive apoptotic cell death. Therefore, butyrate exhibited effective prevention against SARS-CoV-2 by upregulating antiviral immune responses and promoting cell survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights for Medicinal Chemical Approaches to Fighting Viruses)
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Review

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29 pages, 1449 KiB  
Review
Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy
by Annalaura Brai, Federica Poggialini, Claudia Pasqualini, Claudia Immacolata Trivisani, Chiara Vagaggini and Elena Dreassi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119225 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2989
Abstract
In recent decades, vaccines have been extraordinary resources to prevent pathogen diffusion and cancer. Even if they can be formed by a single antigen, the addition of one or more adjuvants represents the key to enhance the response of the immune signal to [...] Read more.
In recent decades, vaccines have been extraordinary resources to prevent pathogen diffusion and cancer. Even if they can be formed by a single antigen, the addition of one or more adjuvants represents the key to enhance the response of the immune signal to the antigen, thus accelerating and increasing the duration and the potency of the protective effect. Their use is of particular importance for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or immunocompromised people. Despite their importance, only in the last forty years has the search for novel adjuvants increased, with the discovery of novel classes of immune potentiators and immunomodulators. Due to the complexity of the cascades involved in immune signal activation, their mechanism of action remains poorly understood, even if significant discovery has been recently made thanks to recombinant technology and metabolomics. This review focuses on the classes of adjuvants under research, recent mechanism of action studies, as well as nanodelivery systems and novel classes of adjuvants that can be chemically manipulated to create novel small molecule adjuvants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights for Medicinal Chemical Approaches to Fighting Viruses)
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