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Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 1235

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Interests: diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; nephrology; diabetic nephropathy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem with adverse outcomes of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The prevalence of CKD has been increasing at an alarming rate over the past two decades as a result of the ageing population and growing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, exacerbated by the frequent occurrence of superimposed acute kidney injury. A forecasting analysis suggests that the number of global Years of Life Lost (YLLs) due to CKD will increase from ~26 million in 2016 to 52.5 million in 2040, and deaths will rise from 1.2 million in 2016 to 3.1 million in 2040. Despite targeted control of diabetes, blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and proteinuria, a large proportion of patients with CKD eventually develop renal failure. Although intensive studies to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms in CKD have been performed, the exact mechanisms of CKD development remain unknown. The current clinical strategies for CKD are largely ineffective. Thus, discovering novel mechanisms and developing innovative strategies are urgently needed to both prevent and treat CKD. Currently, it seems that the therapies using stem cells and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles may widen the scope of CKD treatment in the future.

Dr. Xinming Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • nephrology
  • diabetic nephropathy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 7574 KiB  
Article
Second Generation I-Body AD-214 Attenuates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO)-Induced Kidney Fibrosis Through Inhibiting Leukocyte Infiltration and Macrophage Migration
by Qinghua Cao, Michael Foley, Anthony J. Gill, Angela Chou, Xin-Ming Chen and Carol A. Pollock
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313127 - 6 Dec 2024
Viewed by 888
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common pathological pathway in progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), and current treatments are largely ineffective. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is crucial to fibrosis development. By using neural cell adhesion molecules as scaffolds with binding loops that mimic [...] Read more.
Kidney fibrosis is the common pathological pathway in progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), and current treatments are largely ineffective. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is crucial to fibrosis development. By using neural cell adhesion molecules as scaffolds with binding loops that mimic the shape of shark antibodies, fully humanized single-domain i-bodies have been developed. The first-generation i-body, AD-114, demonstrated antifibrotic effects in a mouse model of folic acid (FA)-induced renal fibrosis. The second-generation i-body, AD-214, is an Fc-fusion protein with an extended half-life, enhanced activity, and a mutated Fc domain to prevent immune activation. To investigate the renoprotective mechanisms of AD-214, RPTEC/TERT1 cells (a human proximal tubular cell line) were incubated with TGF-b1 with/without AD-214 and the supernatant was collected to measure collagen levels by Western blot. Mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) received AD-214 intraperitoneally (i.p.) every two days for 14 days. Kidney fibrosis markers and kidney function were then analyzed. AD-214 suppressed TGF-b1-induced collagen overexpression in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. In UUO mice, AD-214 reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, restored kidney function, and limited leukocyte infiltration. In a scratch assay, AD-214 also inhibited macrophage migration. To conclude, i-body AD-214 attenuates UUO-induced kidney fibrosis by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and macrophage migration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease)
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