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The Beneficial Phytochemicals for Vascular Dysfunction
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The Beneficial Phytochemicals for Vascular Dysfunction

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 14544

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yun Jung Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine/Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
Interests: atherosclerosis; hypertension; vasodilation; vascular inflammation; Ojeoksan; adhesion molecule

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease is a major determinant of chronic disability and is known to be the leading cause of death among older people. Vascular dysfunction occurs in many cardiovascular diseases has been postulated to represent the early stages of the atherosclerosis pathogenesis in the general population. Various risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. In the development of vascular dysfunction, a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a central role because NO exerts diverse physiological actions including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, anti-platelet, anti-proliferation and anti-migration. Thus, it is very beneficial to find phytochemicals, and use it for the prevention and treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases. In this issue, we would like to invite potential researchers who are working with phytochemicals and compounds derived from natural herbs in the fields of cardiovascular diseases.

Prof. Dr. Yun Jung Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Vasodilation
  • Vascular inflammation
  • NO
  • eNOS
  • Hypertension
  • Vascular complication
  • Phytochemicals
  • Herbal extract

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 346 KiB  
Review
Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera): Effects on Vascular Health and Future Research Directions
by Yousef A. Al-Dashti, Roberta R. Holt, Carl L. Keen and Robert M. Hackman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4665; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094665 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 9617
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, presenting an immense public and economic burden. Studies on cardioprotective foods and their bioactive components are needed to address both personal and public health needs. Date fruit is rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, certain [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, presenting an immense public and economic burden. Studies on cardioprotective foods and their bioactive components are needed to address both personal and public health needs. Date fruit is rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, certain micronutrients, and dietary fiber, which can impact vascular health, and have the potential to attenuate vascular disease in humans. Data from in vitro and animal studies report that consumption of date fruit or extracts can modulate select markers of vascular health, particularly plasma lipid levels including triglycerides and cholesterol, indices of oxidative stress and inflammation, but human data is scant. More investigation is needed to better characterize date polyphenols and unique bioactive compounds or fractions, establish safe and effective levels of intake, and delineate underlying mechanisms of action. Implementing scientific rigor in clinical trials and assessment of functional markers of vascular disease, such as flow-mediated dilation and peripheral arterial tonometry, along with gut microbiome profiles would provide useful information with respect to human health. Emerging data supports the notion that intake of date fruit and extracts can be a useful component of a healthy lifestyle for those seeking beneficial effects on vascular health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Beneficial Phytochemicals for Vascular Dysfunction)
20 pages, 1499 KiB  
Review
Berries and Their Polyphenols as a Potential Therapy for Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: A Mini-Review
by Rami S. Najjar, Arielle M. Schwartz, Brett J. Wong, Puja K. Mehta and Rafaela G. Feresin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(7), 3373; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073373 - 25 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4136
Abstract
Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is a common diagnosis with a higher prevalence in women compared to men. Despite the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease and no structural heart disease, INOCA is associated with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes as [...] Read more.
Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is a common diagnosis with a higher prevalence in women compared to men. Despite the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease and no structural heart disease, INOCA is associated with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes as well a significant contributor to angina and related disability. A major feature of INOCA is coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), which can be detected by non-invasive imaging and invasive coronary physiology assessments in humans. CMD is associated with epicardial endothelial-dependent and -independent dysfunction, diffuse atherosclerosis, and left-ventricular hypertrophy, all of which lead to insufficient blood flow to the myocardium. Inflammatory and oxidative stress signaling, upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adrenergic receptor signaling are major drivers of CMD. Treatment of CMD centers around addressing cardiovascular risk factors; however, there are limited treatment options for those who do not respond to traditional anti-anginal therapies. In this review, we highlight the ability of berry-derived polyphenols to modulate those pathways. The evidence supports the need for future clinical trials to investigate the effectiveness of berries and their polyphenols in the treatment of CMD in INOCA patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Beneficial Phytochemicals for Vascular Dysfunction)
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