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Insects
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How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insect Resistance
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How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insect Resistance

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450). This special issue belongs to the section "Insect Molecular Biology and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 8448

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yutao Xiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
Interests: insecticide resistance; Bt resistance; insect genomics; insect ecology and evolution
Dr. Minghui Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
Interests: metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics in insect; insect ecology and evolution

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

An important feature of insect adaptation is the evolution of resistance, including resistance to pesticides, Bt toxins and host plants. The mechanisms of insect resistance are complex and diverse. Current studies believe that the passivation of target receptors and the enhancement of metabolic enzymes are the main contributions to resistance. At present, the research on target receptor passivation is relatively clear, while the mechanism of metabolic enzymes is relatively complex, involving the variation of gene coding region, non-coding region, and regulation outside the functional gene region, which has become a hotspot of current research. This Special Issue focuses on the scientific issue of "How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insects Resistance", and invites contributions of the latest research progress and review from experts and scholars in the field.

Dr. Yutao Xiao
Dr. Minghui Jin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Insects is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • detoxification genes
  • insects resistance
  • gene regulation
  • pesticides
  • Bt toxins
  • host plants

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1320 KiB  
Article
Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Treatment on Expression of Detoxification Genes in Chlorantraniliprole-Resistant Plutella xylostella
by Maryam Zolfaghari, Fei Yin, Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes, Yong Xiao, Zhengke Peng, Jiale Wang, Xiangbing Yang and Zhen-Yu Li
Insects 2024, 15(8), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080595 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1288
Abstract
Detoxification genes are crucial to insect resistance against chemical pesticides, yet their expression may be altered by exposure to biopesticides such as spores and insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Increased enzymatic levels of selected detoxification genes, including glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 [...] Read more.
Detoxification genes are crucial to insect resistance against chemical pesticides, yet their expression may be altered by exposure to biopesticides such as spores and insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Increased enzymatic levels of selected detoxification genes, including glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and carboxylesterase (CarE), were detected in chlorantraniliprole (CAP)-resistant strains of the diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella) from China when compared to a reference susceptible strain. These CAP-resistant DBM strains displayed distinct expression patterns of GST 1, CYP6B7, and CarE-6 after treatment with CAP and a Bt pesticide (Bt-G033). In particular, the gene expression analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of the CYP6B7 gene in response to the CAP treatment, while the same gene was downregulated following the Bt-G033 treatment. Downregulation of CYP6B7 using RNAi resulted in increased susceptibility to CAP in resistant DBM strains, suggesting a role of this gene in the resistant phenotype. However, pretreatment with a sublethal dose of Bt-G033 inducing the downregulation of CYP6B7 did not significantly increase CAP potency against the resistant DBM strains. These results identify the DBM genes involved in the metabolic resistance to CAP and demonstrate how their expression is affected by exposure to Bt-G033. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insect Resistance)
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15 pages, 1898 KiB  
Article
The P450-Monooxygenase Activity and CYP6D1 Expression in the Chlorfenapyr-Resistant Strain of Musca domestica L.
by Kseniya Krestonoshina, Anastasia Melnichuk, Anna Kinareikina, Kseniya Maslakova, Liana Yangirova and Elena Silivanova
Insects 2024, 15(6), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15060461 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1283
Abstract
The house fly Musca domestica L. is one of the most common insects of veterinary and medical importance worldwide; its ability to develop resistance to a large number of insecticides is well known. Many studies support the involvement of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases (P450) [...] Read more.
The house fly Musca domestica L. is one of the most common insects of veterinary and medical importance worldwide; its ability to develop resistance to a large number of insecticides is well known. Many studies support the involvement of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases (P450) in the development of resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, carbamates, and organophosphates among insects. In this paper, the monooxygenase activity and expression level of CYP6D1 were studied for the first time in a chlorfenapyr-resistant strain of house fly. Our studies demonstrated that P450 activity in adults of the susceptible strain (Lab TY) and chlorfenapyr-resistant strain (ChlA) was 1.56–4.05-fold higher than that in larvae. In females of the Lab TY and ChlA strains, this activity was 1.53- and 1.57-fold higher, respectively (p < 0.05), than that in males, and in contrast, the expression level of CYP6D1 was 21- and 8-fold lower, respectively. The monooxygenase activity did not vary between larvae of the susceptible strain Lab TY and the chlorfenapyr-resistant strain ChlA. Activity in females and males of the ChlA strain exceeded that in the Lab TY strain specimens by 1.54 (p = 0.08) and 1.83 (p < 0.05) times, respectively, with the same level of CYP6D1 expression. PCR-RFLP analysis revealed a previously undescribed mutation in the promoter region of the CYP6D1 gene in adults of the Lab TY and ChlA strains, and it did not affect the gene expression level. The obtained results show that the development of resistance to chlorfenapyr in M. domestica is accompanied by an increase in P450-monooxygenase activity without changes in CYP6D1 expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insect Resistance)
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13 pages, 4182 KiB  
Article
Effect of High Temperature on Abamectin and Thiamethoxam Tolerance in Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
by Mi Zhou, Yuncai Liu, Yucheng Wang, Yawen Chang, Qingjun Wu, Weirong Gong and Yuzhou Du
Insects 2024, 15(6), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15060399 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 889
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the most important invasive species in China, with strong insecticide resistance and thermotolerance. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of B. tabaci MEMA1 to abamectin (AB) and thianethixam (TH) insecticides. [...] Read more.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the most important invasive species in China, with strong insecticide resistance and thermotolerance. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of B. tabaci MEMA1 to abamectin (AB) and thianethixam (TH) insecticides. We firstly cloned two new CYP450 genes from B. tabaci MEAM1, including one CYP6 family gene (BtCYP6k1) and one CYP305 family gene (BtCYP305a1). The expression patterns of the two BtCYP450 genes were compared in response to high-temperature stress and insecticide exposure, and RNAi was then used to demonstrate the role that these two genes play in insecticide tolerance. The results showed that expression of the two BtCYP450 genes could be induced by exposure to elevated temperature or insecticide, but this gene expression could be inhibited to a certain extent when insects were exposed to the combined effects of high temperature and insecticide treatment. For AB treatment, the expression of the two BtCYP450 genes reached the lowest level when insects were exposed to a temperature of 41 °C and treated with AB (combined effects of temperature and insecticide). In contrast, TH treatment showed a general decrease in the expression of the two BtCYP450 genes with exposure to elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that insecticide tolerance in B. tabaci MEAM1 could be mediated by high temperatures. This study provides a prospective method for the more effective application of insecticides for the control of B. tabaci in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insect Resistance)
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14 pages, 1593 KiB  
Article
Keap1 Negatively Regulates Transcription of Three Counter-Defense Genes and Susceptibility to Plant Toxin Gossypol in Helicoverpa armigera
by Xingcheng Xie, Qian Wang, Zhongyuan Deng, Shaohua Gu, Gemei Liang and Xianchun Li
Insects 2024, 15(5), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15050328 - 2 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Expressions of a wide range of cytoprotective counter-defense genes are mainly regulated by the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress from xenobiotics. Gossypol is the major antiherbivore secondary metabolite of cotton, but how the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera copes with this [...] Read more.
Expressions of a wide range of cytoprotective counter-defense genes are mainly regulated by the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress from xenobiotics. Gossypol is the major antiherbivore secondary metabolite of cotton, but how the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera copes with this phytochemical to utilize its favorite host plant cotton remains largely elusive. In this study, we first suppressed the Keap1 gene in newly hatched larvae of cotton bollworm by feeding them the siRNA diet for 4 days. All of the larvae were subsequently fed the artificial diet supplied with gossypol or the control diet for 5 days. We identified that the knockdown of the Keap1 gene significantly decreased larval mortality and significantly increased the percentages of larval survival, reaching the fourth instar, compared with ncsiRNA when exposed to a diet containing gossypol. Three counter-defense genes CYP9A17, CYP4L11 and UGT41B3, which were related to the induction or metabolism of gossypol according to the report before, were all significantly up-regulated after the knockdown of the Keap1 gene. The Antioxidant Response Elements (AREs) were also detected in the promoter regions of the three counter-defense genes above. These data indicate that the suppression of the Keap1 gene activates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, up-regulates the expressions of counter-defense genes involved in the resistance of oxidative stress and finally contributes to reducing the susceptibility of gossypol. Our results provide more knowledge about the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of counter-defense genes that enable the cotton bollworm to adapt to the diversity of host plants including cotton. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insect Resistance)
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15 pages, 2280 KiB  
Article
Combined PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq Analysis of the Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Transcriptome and Cytochrome P450 Genes
by Min Liu, Feng Xiao, Jiayun Zhu, Di Fu, Zonglin Wang and Rong Xiao
Insects 2023, 14(4), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040363 - 6 Apr 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2695
Abstract
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating invasive pest worldwide. The abamectin and chlorantraniliprole complex have become an alternative option for chemical control because they can enhance insecticidal activity and delay increased drug resistance. Notably, pests are inevitably resistant to various types of insecticides, [...] Read more.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating invasive pest worldwide. The abamectin and chlorantraniliprole complex have become an alternative option for chemical control because they can enhance insecticidal activity and delay increased drug resistance. Notably, pests are inevitably resistant to various types of insecticides, and compound insecticides are no exception. To identify potential genes involved in the detoxification of abamectin and chlorantraniliprole complex in T. absoluta, PacBio SMRT-seq transcriptome sequencing and Illumina RNA-seq analysis of abamectin and chlorantraniliprole complex-treated T. absoluta were performed. We obtained 80,492 non-redundant transcripts, 62,762 (77.97%) transcripts that were successfully annotated, and 15,524 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs). GO annotation results showed that most of these DETs were involved in the biological processes of life-sustaining activities, such as cellular, metabolic, and single-organism processes. The KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that the pathways related to glutathione metabolism, fatty acid and amino acid synthesis, and metabolism were related to the response to abamectin and chlorantraniliprole complex in T. absoluta. Among these, 21 P450s were differentially expressed (11 upregulated and 10 downregulated). The qRT-PCR results for the eight upregulated P450 genes after abamectin and chlorantraniliprole complex treatment were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. Our findings provide new full-length transcriptional data and information for further studies on detoxification-related genes in T. absoluta. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How the Detoxification Genes Increase Insect Resistance)
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