Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology and Risk Stratification for Cardiac Arrhythmias

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 1734

Special Issue Editor

1. Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
2. Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
3. Department of Cardiology, Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC 3076, Australia
Interests: sudden cardiac death; mitral valve prolapse; cardiac arrhythmia; atrial fibrillation; stroke

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mitral valve prolapse is a common valvular disorder affecting about 2–3% of the general population. While the majority of cases have benign outcomes, there is a specific subset of patients for whom mitral valve prolapse is associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This specific patient subset is classed as having arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse. Sudden cardiac arrest can occur in young patients with mitral valve prolapse, which can be a devastating event. The link between sudden cardiac death and mitral valve prolapse is increasingly being recognised. However, the underlying pathophysiology and risk factors are incompletely understood and risk stratification methods remain poorly defined.

This Special Issue will focus on defining the risk factors, exploring the pathophysiology in arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse, and describing the current challenges in risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in this cohort of patients.

Dr. Han Lim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mitral valve prolapse
  • mitral annular disjunction
  • arrhythmia
  • sudden cardiac death
  • risk stratification

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

13 pages, 2415 KiB  
Review
Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome and Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review and the Role of Catheter Ablation
by Ehsan Mahmoodi and Haris M. Haqqani
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(7), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11070218 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1268
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 2–3% of the general population, and despite its benign prognosis overall, it is associated with sudden death in a small subset of patients. The term “arrhythmic MVP syndrome” (AMVPS) refers to the presence of frequent or complex ventricular [...] Read more.
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 2–3% of the general population, and despite its benign prognosis overall, it is associated with sudden death in a small subset of patients. The term “arrhythmic MVP syndrome” (AMVPS) refers to the presence of frequent or complex ventricular arrhythmias, commonly reported in female patients with a stereotypical phenotype including bileaflet myxomatous disease, ECG repolarisation abnormalities in inferior leads, mitral annular disjunction, and significant fibrosis in the inferolateral LV and papillary muscles. Modern imaging technologies have led to the identification of new risk factors that have been implemented in recent risk stratification guidelines; however, screening for patients with MVP who are at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains challenging. In addition, there is a limited amount of data on the outcomes of different treatment approaches in AMVP and no specific indication for targeted or disease-modifying therapies within current guidelines. Potential arrhythmic substrates in patients with AMVP syndrome have been the subject of interest in previous studies, with areas consisting of fibrosis at the papillary muscle level and the Purkinje system. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from these areas have been shown to play an important role as triggers for ventricular fibrillation and SCD in patients with AMVP. Catheter ablation has emerged as a potential treatment modality in patients with MVP and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), targeting arrhythmic substrates and triggering PVC foci. The aim of this review is to explore the role of catheter ablation in treating patients with AMVP. Full article
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