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Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation
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Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 8831

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stasinopoulos Dimitrios

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
Interests: tendinopathy; lateral elbow tendinopathy; electrotherapy; electrophysical agents; soft tissue techniques

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sports injuries are commonly caused by overuse, direct impact or the application of force that is greater than the body part can structurally withstand. Sports injuries can occur throughout your body: bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and other structures. Due to the frequent occurrence of sports injuries, the prevention and rehabilitation treatment of sports injuries is very important. Prevention helps reduce potential sports injuries and includes primary, secondary and tertiary injuries. The ultimate goal of the rehabilitation process is to limit the extent of the injury and reduce or reverse the impairment and functional loss. Sports injuries can be classified into serious and minor injuries. Treatment for serious injuries may include immobilization, slings and surgery. Treatment of minor injuries may include rest, ice and clinical electrotherapy.

In conclusion, we invite you to contribute to the Special Issue "Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation". This Special Issue aims to combine the latest research in the fields including, but not limited to, sports injury prevention and treatment, musculoskeletal disorders, sports injury rehabilitation, physical rehabilitation, exercise science and sports science. We look forward to pushing forward the clinical, translational and basic research of these promising new treatment method technologies.

Dr. Stasinopoulos Dimitrios
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sports injuries
  • treatment
  • musculoskeletal disorders
  • rehabilitation
  • physical rehabilitation
  • exercise science
  • sports science
  • injury prevention

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1199 KiB  
Article
Hamstring Muscle Stiffness in Athletes with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction History: A Retrospective Study
by Ersagun Kepir, Furkan Demiral, Esedullah Akaras, Ahmet Emre Paksoy, Buket Sevindik Aktas, Bahar Yilmaz Cankaya, Bilgehan Oztop, Gokhan Yagiz and Julian Andrew Owen
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4370; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154370 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1147
Abstract
Introduction: Sports requiring sprinting, jumping, and kicking tasks frequently lead to hamstring strain injuries (HSI). One of the structural risk factors of HSI is the increased passive stiffness of the hamstrings. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury history is associated with a 70% increase [...] Read more.
Introduction: Sports requiring sprinting, jumping, and kicking tasks frequently lead to hamstring strain injuries (HSI). One of the structural risk factors of HSI is the increased passive stiffness of the hamstrings. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury history is associated with a 70% increase in the incidence of HSI, according to a recent meta-analysis. The same report recommended that future research should concentrate on the relationships between the HSI risk factors. Hence, the present study aimed to retrospectively compare changes in the passive stiffness of the hamstrings in athletes with and without ACL reconstruction history. Methods: Using ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography, the mid-belly passive muscle stiffness values of the biceps femoris long head, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles were assessed and compared amongst athletes with and without a history of ACL reconstruction. Results: There were no significant differences in the biceps femoris long head (injured leg (IL): 26.19 ± 5.28 KPa, uninjured contralateral (UL): 26.16 ± 7.41 KPa, control legs (CL): 27.64 ± 5.58 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 1; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL: p = 1), semimembranosus (IL: 24.35 ± 5.58 KPa, UL: 24.65 ± 8.35 KPa, CL: 22.83 ± 5.67 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 1; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL, p = 1), or semitendinosus (IL: 22.45 ± 7 KPa, UL: 25.52 ± 7 KPa, CL: 22.54 ± 4.4 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 0.487; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL, p = 0.291) muscle stiffness values between groups. Conclusions: The passive mid-muscle belly stiffness values of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles did not significantly differ between previously injured and uninjured athletes; therefore, further assessment for other muscle regions of hamstrings may be necessary. To collect more comprehensive data related to the structural changes that may occur following ACL reconstructions in athletes, a future study should examine the passive stiffness of wider muscle regions from origin to insertion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation)
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18 pages, 2015 KiB  
Article
Effect of Step Load Based on Time under Tension in Hypoxia on the ACL Pre-Operative Rehabilitation and Hormone Levels: A Case Study
by Joanna Motowidło, Katarzyna Stronska-Garbien, Marta Bichowska-Pawęska, Maciej Kostrzewa, Adam Zając, Krzysztof Ficek and Miłosz Drozd
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2792; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102792 - 9 May 2024
Viewed by 1128
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of step load in hypoxia on the effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation (PR) and hormone levels based on a case study. Introduction: We assessed the impact of variables such as rate of movement [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of step load in hypoxia on the effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation (PR) and hormone levels based on a case study. Introduction: We assessed the impact of variables such as rate of movement and time under tension (TUT) in normobaric hypoxia on the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and erythropoietin (EPO). Additionally, the impact of step load on the hypertrophy and strength of knee extensors and flexors was assessed. Methods: The work uses a case study, the research subject of which was a 23-year-old female professional handball player. The tests included an isokinetic assessment of the peak torque of knee extensors and flexors as well as body composition analysis. Results: The results showed a more than (10.81-fold) increase in GH after the microcycle with time under tension (TUT). The deficit between the lower limbs was also reduced. Conclusions: Using a hypoxic environment based on an appropriate altitude, combined with changes such as a short rest break between sets and a controlled tempo of movement with an eccentric phase, TUT may offer an alternative to the PR process, especially among athletes who care about fast RTS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation)
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10 pages, 237 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Skin Injuries in Beach Volleyball Athletes in Greece
by Efstathios Rallis, Niki Tertipi, Eleni Sfyri and Vasiliki Kefala
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2115; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072115 - 5 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1341
Abstract
Background: Skin injuries often affect the sports community. Almost every type of athletic activity is associated with traumatic skin injuries, such as surface wounds, bruising, abrasions, subcutaneous hematomas, blunt trauma, nail injuries, friction burns, and blisters. Methods: The aim of this study was [...] Read more.
Background: Skin injuries often affect the sports community. Almost every type of athletic activity is associated with traumatic skin injuries, such as surface wounds, bruising, abrasions, subcutaneous hematomas, blunt trauma, nail injuries, friction burns, and blisters. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the rates, location sites, and seasons of appearance of skin injuries in beach volleyball athletes in Greece. Seven hundred and eighty-five beach volleyball athletes participated in this study. The average age was 28.4 years. Skin injuries included superficial wounds (erosions, incisions, lacerations), deep wounds, hematomas, nail lacerations, friction burns, and friction blisters. The recorded variables encompassed gender, age, the time of year when athletes might be at higher risk of injuries, and the specific body regions affected. Additionally, data regarding training details such as years of practice, weekly training frequency, and daily training duration were also documented. Results: Incidence rates correlated to gender: (a) superficial wounds (p < 0.001), (b) years of training: hematomas (p < 0.001), and (c) average hours of daily training: superficial wounds (p < 0.001), deep wounds (p < 0.001), and friction blisters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although early detection, recognition, and treatment are essential, the prevention of skin injuries can also be linked to health and athletic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation)
10 pages, 612 KiB  
Article
Does Restricted Ankle Joint Mobility Influence Hamstring Muscle Strength, Work and Power in Football Players after ACL Reconstruction and Non-Injured Players?
by Łukasz Oleksy, Anna Mika, Maciej Kuchciak, Grzegorz Bril, Renata Kielnar, Olga Adamska, Paweł Wolański and Michał Deszczyński
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6330; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196330 - 1 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
This study was aimed at observing how the limitation of ankle dorsiflexion ROM affects hamstring muscle Peak Torque/BW (%), Average Power (W), and Total Work (J), and whether this effect is similar in football players after ACL rupture and reconstruction and in those [...] Read more.
This study was aimed at observing how the limitation of ankle dorsiflexion ROM affects hamstring muscle Peak Torque/BW (%), Average Power (W), and Total Work (J), and whether this effect is similar in football players after ACL rupture and reconstruction and in those without injuries. The study included 47 professional football players who were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 24) after ACL reconstruction and Group 2 (n = 23) without injuries in the past 3 years. Based on the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT), the following subgroups in Groups 1 and 2 were distinguished: N (normal ankle joint dorsiflexion) and R (restricted ankle joint dorsiflexion). The concentric isokinetic test (10 knee flexions and extensions at 60°/s) was performed on both limbs. Significantly lower values of Peak Torque/BW and Average Power were observed in Group 1 compared to Group 2, as well as in subjects with normal and restricted ankle dorsiflexion. However, no significant differences were noted for either group in any of the strength variables comparing subjects with normal and restricted ankle dorsiflexion. A poor and non-significant correlation was exhibited between the ankle joint range of dorsiflexion and all the strength variables. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for all the evaluated variables in both groups was below 0.5, or very close to this value, indicating that ankle dorsiflexion ROM has no diagnostic accuracy for hamstring muscle strength. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that ankle dorsiflexion limitation, which is common in football players, is not a factor in weakening hamstring muscle strength, either in football players after ACL reconstruction or among those without injuries. However, some authors have reported that limited mobility of the ankle joint can have a destructive effect on the work of the lower limbs and may also be a factor in increasing the risk of football injuries in this area. Therefore, we have suggested that hamstring muscle weakness and increased risk of injury may occur due to factors other than limited ankle mobility. These observations may be of great importance in the selection of prevention methods by including a broad spectrum of physical techniques, not just exercises that focus on the improvement of mobility or stability of the lower limbs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation)
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8 pages, 231 KiB  
Article
Time of Return to Work (RTW) May Not Correlate with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurements (PROM) at Minimum One Year Post Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
by Mateusz Kosior, Aleksandra Sibilska, Marcin Piwnik, Andrzej Borowski, Szymon Prusaczyk, Jason Rogers, Sławomir Struzik and Adam Kwapisz
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5794; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185794 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 986
Abstract
It is widely recognized that work serves a dual role by not only ensuring financial independence but also functioning as a vital source of psychosocial well-being and contributing significantly to the attribution of meaning in life. The cost of work disability can be [...] Read more.
It is widely recognized that work serves a dual role by not only ensuring financial independence but also functioning as a vital source of psychosocial well-being and contributing significantly to the attribution of meaning in life. The cost of work disability can be a multifactorial problem for both employers and workers; thus the inability to return to work (RTW) may have a destructive effect on mental health and confidence. Shoulder surgery is one of the conditions that inevitably impacts patients’ ability to work. As current data focus on restoring range of motion, strength, and the patients’ activity, to this day the data about RTW post shoulder surgery remain limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the return-to-work time of patients treated with an arthroscopic Bankart repair and to evaluate if patient-reported outcomes (PROM) correlate with the incapacity to work after an arthroscopic Bankart repair. We performed a retrospective review by conducting a questionnaire with patients more than 12 months after surgery and we identified 31 patients who met the criteria for the study and were able to contact 17 of them. In this paper we demonstrated that on average among groups working physically and at the office we may expect patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair to return to work within 7 weeks from the surgery, with office workers tending to return significantly faster with an average of 2.5 weeks (p = 0.0239). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation)

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12 pages, 6142 KiB  
Case Report
Improvement of Groin Pain in a Football Player with Femoroacetabular Impingement via a Correction of the Pelvic Position—A Case Report
by Oliver Ludwig, Günther Schneider and Jens Kelm
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(23), 7443; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237443 - 30 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1379
Abstract
Background: Femoroacetabular impingement is one possible cause for groin pain and can lead to long periods of absence for football players. In cam impingement, the end-grade position of the leg at kicking makes the hip particularly prone to faulty contact between the acetabulum [...] Read more.
Background: Femoroacetabular impingement is one possible cause for groin pain and can lead to long periods of absence for football players. In cam impingement, the end-grade position of the leg at kicking makes the hip particularly prone to faulty contact between the acetabulum and the femoral head. Studies suggest that the resting position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane may have an important role in the biomechanics of movement in the presence of cam impingement. Methods: A 19-year-old male competitive footballer complained of sudden groin pain during a period of low athletic load. Biomechanical tests (3D posture and isometric strength analyses) showed that unbalanced individual strength training had resulted in an increased forward tilt of the pelvis. At the same time, cam impingement was confirmed radiologically, which obviously contributed to the sudden onset of the symptoms. The kicking technique of the athlete showed increased hip and trunk flexion, which also indicated a muscular imbalance. Targeted strength and stretching exercises three times a week improved the pelvic position in terms of reduced anteversion. At the same time, the patient performed strength exercises to improve his kicking technique. Results: After 8 weeks, improvements in his pelvic position and global posture and increased muscle strength could be verified. At the same time, the athlete was free of complaints again. Conclusions: When groin pain occurs in football players with cam impingement, special attention should be paid to the resting position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane. Correcting increased pelvic anteversion can prevent unfavourable end-grade collisions of the acetabulum and femoral head during kicking with strong hip flexion and adduction. Possible changes in the pelvic position due to adverse individual strength training performed by young athletes should always be kept in mind. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Injuries: Recent Advances in Prevention and Rehabilitation)
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