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Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment
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Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2021) | Viewed by 10825

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Al Baha Barqawi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
Interests: prostate cancer; prostate disease; urologic surgery; urologic cancer; individualized therapy; targeted focal therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer mostly affects men in the golden years of their lives and is currently the leading cause of non-cutaneus death, second probably only to lung cancer. We are still struggling with questions about whom to screen, how to not overdiagnose, overtreat, and preserve the quality of life in men who need treatment. Significant strides in clinical research spanning from molecular and genetic testing to imaging and targeted focal therapies have been reported in recent years. Join us in exploring these advances. Our goal is to publish concise and clinically relevant information that will help to educate, clarify, and explore future research venues. We look forward to your submissions, including clinical studies for staging and risk stratification of the disease, and targeted focal therapy outcomes and potential adjuvant therapies.

Prof. Al Baha Barqawi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Prostate cancer
  • Molecular and genetic testing
  • Imaging and staging
  • Ablative therapy and management algorithms
  • Focal targeted therapy
  • Adjuvant and immunotherapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2783 KiB  
Article
Pattern of Prostate Cancer Recurrence Assessed by 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Men Treated with Primary Local Therapy
by Ismaheel O. Lawal, Thabo Lengana, Gbenga O. Popoola, Akintunde T. Orunmuyi, Mankgopo M. Kgatle, Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala and Mike M. Sathekge
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(17), 3883; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173883 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2646
Abstract
Imaging plays a vital role in detecting the recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) to guide the choice of salvage therapy. Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) is useful for detecting PCa recurrence. We assessed the pattern of PCa [...] Read more.
Imaging plays a vital role in detecting the recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) to guide the choice of salvage therapy. Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) is useful for detecting PCa recurrence. We assessed the pattern of PCa recurrence stratified by serum prostate-specific antigen level and type of primary local treatment in men with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary local therapy with radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) using 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. We reviewed patients imaged with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for the localization of the site of PCa recurrence. We determined the site and number of lesions due to PCa recurrence at different PSA levels. A total of 247 men (mean age of 65.72 ± 7.51 years and median PSA of 2.70 ng/mL (IQR = 0.78–5.80)) were included. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT detected the site of recurrence in 81.4% of patients with a median number of lesions per patient of 1 (range = 1–5). 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT positivity was 43.6%, 75.7%, 83.3%, 90.0%, and 95.8% at PSA levels of <0.5, 0.5–1.0., 1.1–2.0, 2.1–5.0, and 5.0–10.0, respectively. The most common site of recurrence was in the prostate gland/bed at all PSA levels. Pelvic, extra-pelvic, and combined pelvic and extra-pelvic sites of recurrence were seen in 118, 50, and 33 patients, respectively. The risk of extra-pelvic recurrence increases with rising PSA levels. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has a high lesion detection rate for biochemical recurrence of PCa in patients previously treated with primary local therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment)
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15 pages, 1168 KiB  
Article
Immunophenotype Rearrangement in Response to Tumor Excision May Be Related to the Risk of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients
by Paulius Bosas, Gintaras Zaleskis, Daiva Dabkevičiene, Neringa Dobrovolskiene, Agata Mlynska, Renatas Tikuišis, Albertas Ulys, Vita Pašukoniene, Sonata Jarmalaitė and Feliksas Jankevičius
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3709; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163709 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is known to exhibit a wide spectrum of aggressiveness and relatively high immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tumor excision on immunophenotype rearrangements in peripheral blood and to elucidate if it is associated [...] Read more.
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is known to exhibit a wide spectrum of aggressiveness and relatively high immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tumor excision on immunophenotype rearrangements in peripheral blood and to elucidate if it is associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) in high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) patients. Methods: Radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed on 108 PCa stage pT2–pT3 patients. Preoperative vs. postoperative (one and three months) immunophenotype profile (T- and B-cell subsets, MDSC, NK, and T reg populations) was compared in peripheral blood of LR and HR groups. Results: The BCR-free survival difference was significant between the HR and LR groups. Postoperative PSA decay rate, defined as ePSA, was significantly slower in the HR group and predicted BCR at cut-off level ePSA = −2.0% d−1 (AUC = 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.90). Three months following tumor excision, the LR group exhibited a recovery of natural killer CD3 − CD16+ CD56+ cells, from 232 cells/µL to 317 cells/µL (p < 0.05), which was not detectable in the HR group. Prostatectomy also resulted in an increased CD8+ population in the LR group, mostly due to CD8+ CD69+ compartment (from 186 cells/µL before surgery to 196 cells/µL three months after, p < 001). The CD8+ CD69+ subset increase without total T cell increase was present in the HR group (p < 0.001). Tumor excision resulted in a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) number increase from 12.4 cells/µL to 16.2 cells/µL in the HR group, and no change was detectable in LR patients (p = 0.12). An immune signature of postoperative recovery was more likely to occur in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Open RP (ORP) was associated with increased MDSC numbers (p = 0.002), whereas LRP was characterized by an immunity sparing profile, with no change in MDSC subset (p = 0.16). Conclusion: Tumor excision in prostate cancer patients results in two distinct patterns of immunophenotype rearrangement. The low-risk group is highly responsive, revealing postoperative restoration of T cells, NK cells, and CD8+ CD69+ numbers and the absence of suppressor MDSC increase. The high-risk group presented a limited response, accompanied by a suppressor MDSC increase and CD8+ CD69+ increase. The laparoscopic approach, unlike ORP, did not result in an MDSC increase in the postoperative period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment)
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Review

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16 pages, 723 KiB  
Review
Targeting Inflammatory Signaling in Prostate Cancer Castration Resistance
by Shangwei Zhong, Changhao Huang, Zhikang Chen, Zihua Chen and Jun-Li Luo
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 5000; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215000 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5451
Abstract
Although castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as a whole, by its name, refers to the tumors that relapse and/or regrow independently of androgen after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), untreated tumor, even in early-stage primary prostate cancer (PCa), contains androgen-independent (AI) PCa cells. The transformation [...] Read more.
Although castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as a whole, by its name, refers to the tumors that relapse and/or regrow independently of androgen after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), untreated tumor, even in early-stage primary prostate cancer (PCa), contains androgen-independent (AI) PCa cells. The transformation of androgen-dependent (AD) PCa to AI PCa under ADT is a forced evolutionary process, in which the small group of AI PCa cells that exist in primary tumors has the unique opportunity to proliferate and expand selectively and dominantly, while some AD PCa cells that have escaped from ADT-induced death acquire the capability to survive in an androgen-depleted environment. The adaptation and reprogramming of both PCa cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) under ADT make PCa much stronger than primary tumors so that, currently, there are no effective therapeutic methods available for the treatment of CRPC. Many mechanisms have been found to be related to the emergence and maintenance of PCa castration resistance; in this review, we focus on the role of inflammatory signaling in both PCa cells and the TME for the emergence and maintenance of CRPC and summarize the recent advances of therapeutic strategies that target inflammatory signaling for the treatment of CRPC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment)
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