Journal of Clinical Medicine

Editorial

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4 pages, 207 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Functional and Conservative Treatment

by Luigi Angelo Vaira and Giacomo De Riu

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(14), 4772; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144772 - 19 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2072

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) represent a group of conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the joints and muscles responsible for jaw movement [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

Research

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11 pages, 659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Protocol Treatments in Patients with Symptomatic Disc Displacement without Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by André Mariz de Almeida, João Botelho, Vanessa Machado, José João Mendes, Cristina Manso and Santiago González-López

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(9), 3228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093228 - 30 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2099

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of arthrocentesis followed by hyaluronic acid infiltration treatment (ASH) and mandibular exercise therapy (MET) in patients with symptomatic disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR) by examining pain intensity (VAS), mandibular range of motion (MO), [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of arthrocentesis followed by hyaluronic acid infiltration treatment (ASH) and mandibular exercise therapy (MET) in patients with symptomatic disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR) by examining pain intensity (VAS), mandibular range of motion (MO), and quality of life (QoL). Fifty-two patients were randomly allocated into two groups, MET (N = 26) and ASH (N = 26), and therapy was applied at the baseline and one month after. Patients were followed up at 1 and 12 months after the baseline assessment. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes were compared at the baseline, 1-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. The study found no significant differences in VAS and MO between the ASH and MET groups at the baseline. However, while not significant, it was noted that the ASH group showed higher values for MO. Regarding OHIP-14 at 1 month of follow-up, the ASH group showed significant improvements in physical pain (p > 0.01), physical and psychological disability (p = 0.043 and p = 0.029), and handicap (p = 0.033). At the 12-month follow-up, the ASH group showed significant improvements in functional limitation, psychological discomfort, psychological disability, and handicap (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively). ASH treatment did not reduce pain or improve mandibular range of motion more than physical therapy in patients with symptomatic DDwoR. However, ASH could be preferable given its positive long-term effects on patients’ quality of life. The clinician’s main objective is to prioritize the treatment plan order with a focus on the patient’s quality of life. Accordingly, healthcare professionals should consider ASH as a treatment option for patients with symptomatic DDwoR who desire long-term improvement in their quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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10 pages, 917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Are YouTube Videos a Useful and Reliable Source of Information for Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders?

by Luigi Angelo Vaira, Silvia Sergnese, Giovanni Salzano, Fabio Maglitto, Antonio Arena, Emanuele Carraturo, Vincenzo Abbate, Umberto Committeri, Valentino Vellone, Andrea Biglio, Jérome R. Lechien and Giacomo De Riu

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030817 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2160

Abstract

Counseling is considered a first-line conservative therapy with respect to temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD). Nowadays, 50 to 80% of patients acquire health information from the internet before turning to professionals. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the quality of information [...] Read more.

Counseling is considered a first-line conservative therapy with respect to temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD). Nowadays, 50 to 80% of patients acquire health information from the internet before turning to professionals. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the quality of information about TMJD that patients can obtain from YouTube. A YouTube.com search was conducted using the terms “temporomandibular joint disorder”; “limited movement of the mandible”; and “mandibular joint pain”. The videos identified were assessed independently by two panels of three professional and lay reviewers with HONcode, modified DISCERN (MD) and the global quality scale (GQS). A total of 106 videos were included. The professional reviewers reported a mean HONcode score of 4.148 ± 1.314 and a mean MD score of 2.519 ± 1.267, testifying to a modest general quality of the videos. The mean GQS score was 2.987 ± 1.012 for the professional and 3.469 ± 0.891 for the lay reviewers (p < 0.001). The correlations between the ratings were significant between the reviewers within the same group but not between the two groups. The presence of animations significantly influenced the GQS score expressed by the lay reviewers (p = 0.011) but not that of the professionals (p = 0.640). The quality of the information on TMJD on YouTube is generally of poor quality. Healthcare systems and professionals should be prepared to correct misinformation and build trusting relationships with patients which are based on quality counseling. Similarly, academic institutions should produce quality content that leads patients with TMJD toward a correct diagnostic-therapeutic process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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11 pages, 1981 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conservative Therapies for TMJ Closed Lock: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Paola Di Giacomo, Carlo Di Paolo, Erda Qorri, Roberto Gatto, Giovanni Manes Gravina and Giovanni Falisi

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(23), 7037; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237037 - 28 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1971

Abstract

Background. Acute anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) is characterized by permanent TMJ disc displacement, pain and functional limitations. Occlusal appliances (OA) are among the therapies of choice. Methods. A single-blind randomized study was carried out to compare the therapeutic success of two [...] Read more.

Background. Acute anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) is characterized by permanent TMJ disc displacement, pain and functional limitations. Occlusal appliances (OA) are among the therapies of choice. Methods. A single-blind randomized study was carried out to compare the therapeutic success of two different types of splints in patients with ADDWoR. A total of 30 subjects were eligible for the study out of the 330 screened. Group I (n = 15) received RA.DI.CA splint therapy and Group II (n = 15) received stabilization splint therapy. Temporomandibular pain, headache, neck pain and functional excursions were evaluated at baseline (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 6 months (T2). Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results. There was a significant increase in maximum jaw opening and a reduction in pain in both groups (p < 0.05), except for neck pain in Group II. Significant differences in between- and within-subject factors emerged in all of the parameters evaluated, especially between T1 and T2 scores, with a greater trend of improvement in Group I than Group II. Conclusion. RA.DI.CA splints were found to be more effective for the considered sample, especially in the treatment of comorbidities and functional movements, probably due to the greater orthopedic action and joint mobilization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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11 pages, 1270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Position of the Hyoid Bone and Dimension of Nasopharynx and Oropharynx after Occlusal Splint Therapy and Physiotherapy in Patients Diagnosed with Temporomandibular Disorders

by Marcin Derwich and Elzbieta Pawlowska

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(17), 4939; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11174939 - 23 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4005

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the position of the hyoid bone, as well as the width of the nasopharynx and oropharynx after occlusal splint therapy combined with physiotherapy in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: This [...] Read more.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the position of the hyoid bone, as well as the width of the nasopharynx and oropharynx after occlusal splint therapy combined with physiotherapy in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: This was a clinical trial study. The study group consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with TMD, who were qualified for the treatment combining physiotherapy and occlusal splint therapy. Hyoid bone position as well as the width of the nasopharynx and oropharynx were assessed in lateral cephalograms taken before and after the end of the treatment. There were 15 generally healthy participants included into the control group, who had taken lateral cephalograms twice within the period of 1 to 2 years and did not receive any occlusal treatment in the meantime. Results: The position of the hyoid bone was significantly lowered and the dimension of the lower part of the oropharynx was significantly decreased after the end of the long-term occlusal splint therapy combined with physiotherapy in patients diagnosed with TMD. Conclusions: Long-term occlusal splint therapy combined with physiotherapy affected the position of the hyoid bone and the dimension of the lower part of the oropharynx. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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17 pages, 2334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Repeated Intra-Articular Administration of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Clinical Case Series

by Maciej Sikora, Marcin Sielski, Maciej Chęciński, Zuzanna Nowak, Barbara Czerwińska-Niezabitowska and Dariusz Chlubek

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(15), 4281; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154281 - 22 Jul 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2223

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are manifested, inter alia, by pain and limited scope of the mandibular abduction. Among the treatment strategies for these ailments, intra-articular injections of autologous blood preparations, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are administered. This prospective case series was aimed [...] Read more.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are manifested, inter alia, by pain and limited scope of the mandibular abduction. Among the treatment strategies for these ailments, intra-articular injections of autologous blood preparations, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are administered. This prospective case series was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of repeated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) administration to the TMJ cavities in terms of reducing articular pain and increasing the mobility of the mandible. Material and methods: 40 consecutive patients diagnosed with TMJ pain qualified for the case series. The entire treatment program consisted of five PRP administrations and a summary appointment. Regression was analyzed for (1) intensity of spontaneous pain; (2) effectiveness of spontaneous pain relief; (3) mastication efficiency values; (4) painless mandibular abduction; (5) maximum mouth opening. The correlations between the abovementioned variable series were analyzed. Results: The mean spontaneous pain decreased consistently with successive PRP administrations in line with the regression model: −0.4x + 4.2 (R² = 0.98). Articular pain improvement was reported in 71% of joints treated. Improvement in chewing quality at the end of the entire injection cycle was found in 63% of patients. The equations for the linear regression models for painless mandibular abduction (five applications of PRP) and maximum mouth opening (the first four applications of PRP) were x + 34 (R² = 0.89) and 0.6x + 43.6 (R² = 0.96), respectively. Improvement in these domains was found in 78% and 53% of patients, respectively. The strongest correlations were found between pain and chewing efficiency (−0.95), pain and painless mandible abduction (−0.96), and painless mandibular abduction and mastication efficiency (0.94). Conclusion: PRP injections into TMJ cavities should be considered as a low invasive, highly accessible form of treatment for various TMDs causing pain and mandible movement limitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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20 pages, 4164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Controversial Aspects of Diagnostics and Therapy of Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint in Rheumatoid and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis—An Analysis of Evidence- and Consensus-Based Recommendations Based on an Interdisciplinary Guideline Project

by Christopher Schmidt, Rudolf Reich, Bernd Koos, Taila Ertel, Marcus Oliver Ahlers, Martin Arbogast, Ima Feurer, Mario Habermann-Krebs, Tim Hilgenfeld, Christian Hirsch, Boris Hügle, Thekla von Kalle, Johannes Kleinheinz, Andreas Kolk, Peter Ottl, Christoph Pautke, Merle Riechmann, Andreas Schön, Linda Skroch, Marcus Teschke, Wolfgang Wuest and Andreas Neff Show full author list Hide full author list

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(7), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071761 - 22 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3206

Abstract

Introduction: Due to potentially severe sequelae (impaired growth, condylar resorption, and ankylosis) early diagnosis of chronic rheumatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and timely onset of therapy are essential. Aim: Owing to very limited evidence the aim of the study was to [...] Read more.

Introduction: Due to potentially severe sequelae (impaired growth, condylar resorption, and ankylosis) early diagnosis of chronic rheumatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and timely onset of therapy are essential. Aim: Owing to very limited evidence the aim of the study was to identify and discuss controversial topics in the guideline development to promote further focused research. Methods: Through a systematic literature search, 394 out of 3771 publications were included in a German interdisciplinary guideline draft. Two workgroups (1: oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2: interdisciplinary) voted on 77 recommendations/statements, in 2 independent anonymized and blinded consensus phases (Delphi process). Results: The voting results were relatively homogenous, except for a greater proportion of abstentions amongst the interdisciplinary group (p < 0.001). Eighty-four percent of recommendations/statements were approved in the first round, 89% with strong consensus. Fourteen recommendations/statements (18.2%) required a prolonged consensus phase and further discussion. Discussion: Contrast-enhanced MRI was confirmed as the method of choice for the diagnosis of TMJ arthritis. Intraarticular corticosteroid injection is to be limited to therapy-refractory cases and single injection only. In adults, alloplastic joint replacement is preferable to autologous replacement. In children/adolescents, autologous reconstruction may be performed lacking viable alternatives. Alloplastic options are currently still considered experimental. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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9 pages, 1670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Ultrasound Examination on Diagnosis and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders

by Małgorzata Pihut, Andrzej Gala, Rafał Obuchowicz and Karolina Chmura

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(5), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051202 - 23 Feb 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 7598

Abstract

Background: Disorders of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints as well as the surrounding craniofacial structures are called temporomandibular disorders. These are dental diseases affecting an increasing number of people with a multifactorial etiology. Noninvasive ultrasonography imaging of temporomandibular joints was performed to [...] Read more.

Background: Disorders of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints as well as the surrounding craniofacial structures are called temporomandibular disorders. These are dental diseases affecting an increasing number of people with a multifactorial etiology. Noninvasive ultrasonography imaging of temporomandibular joints was performed to obtain more detailed information on joint pathologies. Material and Methods: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of ultrasound examinations of the temporomandibular joints on the diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with temporomandibular disorders. The study included 110 patients examined with the use of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders questionnaire, axis I and II, after which the initial treatment plan was created. All patients underwent an ultrasound examination of the temporomandibular joints. Results: The results reveal numerous morphological changes within the joint structures in all treatment groups. Comparative statistical analyses of symptoms were performed between study groups. Conclusions: The number of pathologies in the myofascial pain group was much higher than expected and required introduction of additional treatment procedures. Further studies confirming these results and the effectiveness of ultrasound diagnostic of temporomandibular disorders are recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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16 pages, 87658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protocol for Multi-Stage Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Children and Adolescents

by Krzysztof Dowgierd, Rafał Pokrowiecki, Małgorzata Kulesa Mrowiecka, Martyna Dowgierd, Jan Woś, Piotr Szymor, Marcin Kozakiewicz, Anna Lipowicz, Małgorzata Roman and Andrzej Myśliwiec

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(2), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020428 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7815

Abstract

Treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis is challenging and frequently leads to re-ankylosis, relapse, dangerous complications and, in turn, the need for multiple operations. In this article, we present a protocol for the treatment of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints that assumes earlier intervention with [...] Read more.

Treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis is challenging and frequently leads to re-ankylosis, relapse, dangerous complications and, in turn, the need for multiple operations. In this article, we present a protocol for the treatment of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints that assumes earlier intervention with the assistance of 3D virtual surgical planning (3DVSP) and custom biomaterials for better and safer surgical outcomes. Thirty-three patients were treated due to either uni- or bilateral temporomandibular ankylosis. Twenty individuals received temporomandibular prosthesis, whereas seventeen required simultaneous 3D virtual surgical/planned orthognathic surgery as the final correction of the malocclusion. All patients exhibited statistically significant improvements in mouth opening (from 1.21 ± 0.74 cm to 3.77 ± 0.46 cm) and increased physiological functioning of the mandible. Gap arthroplasty and aggressive rehabilitation prior to temporomandibular prosthesis (TMJP) placement were preferred over costochondral autografts. The use of 3DVSP and custom biomaterials enables more precise, efficient and safe procedures to be performed in the paediatric and adolescent population requiring treatment for temporomandibular ankylosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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Review

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9 pages, 1216 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Emergencies in the Group of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders

by Malgorzata Pihut and Malgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010298 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2055

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder is a musculoskeletal disease with complex, multifactorial etiology regarding improper functioning of the stomatognathic system (masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and surrounding structures). This article presents medical emergencies occurring among patients treated for temporomandibular disorders, which tend to constitute a severe difficulty [...] Read more.

Temporomandibular disorder is a musculoskeletal disease with complex, multifactorial etiology regarding improper functioning of the stomatognathic system (masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and surrounding structures). This article presents medical emergencies occurring among patients treated for temporomandibular disorders, which tend to constitute a severe difficulty for practitioners during their clinical practice. Examples of the most common emergencies of this type are disc displacement without reduction and a sudden contraction of the inferior part of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The latter occurs in cases of uncontrolled and incorrect use of the anterior repositioning splints and the hypertrophy of the coronoid process of the mandible. The sudden attacks of pain of secondary trigeminal neuralgia are also discussed in this article, together with their specific nature, which is significantly different from the nature of the pain of primary trigeminal neuralgia, yet the two types of neuralgia can be easily confused when the primary one takes the painful form. Subsequent emergencies discussed are myofascial pain syndrome, traumatic and inflammatory states of the temporomandibular joints, subluxation, and the consequences of intense occlusive parafunctions. Finally, the recommended therapeutic methods, which are used as part of the treatment in the cases of aforementioned emergencies, are described in this mini-review article, emphasizing that the implementation of the incorrect treatment and rehabilitation for emergencies of temporomandibular disorders may lead to permanent damage to the soft tissue structures of the temporomandibular joints. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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16 pages, 1637 KiB

Open AccessReview

Treatment of Mandibular Hypomobility by Injections into the Temporomandibular Joints: A Systematic Review of the Substances Used

by Maciej Chęciński, Kamila Chęcińska, Zuzanna Nowak, Maciej Sikora and Dariusz Chlubek

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(9), 2305; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092305 - 20 Apr 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3346

Abstract

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid, steroids and blood products are popularly injected into the temporomandibular joint (TMJs) to relieve pain and increase the extent of mandibular abduction. The purpose of this review is to identify other injectable substances and to evaluate them in the above-mentioned [...] Read more.

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid, steroids and blood products are popularly injected into the temporomandibular joint (TMJs) to relieve pain and increase the extent of mandibular abduction. The purpose of this review is to identify other injectable substances and to evaluate them in the above-mentioned domains. Material and methods: The review included articles describing clinical trials of patients treated with intra-articular injections with or without arthrocentesis. Results: The following emerging substances were initially evaluated to be effective in treating TMJ pain and increasing the amplitude of mandibular abduction: analgesics, dextrose with lidocaine, adipose tissue, nucleated bone marrow cells and ozone gas. Discussion: Better effects of intra-articular administration are achieved by preceding the injection with arthrocentesis. Conclusions: The most promising substances appear to be bone marrow and adipose tissue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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Other

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3 pages, 198 KiB

Open AccessReply

Reply to Mattei et al. Jacob Disease, Osteochondroma of the Coronoid Process, Coronoid Process Hyperplasia or Langenbeck Disease: The Big Jumble. Comment on “Raccampo et al. Jacob’s Disease: Case Series, Extensive Literature Review and Classification Proposal. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 938”

by Luca Raccampo, Giorgio Panozzo, Alessandro Tel, Lorenzo Trevisiol, Antonio D’agostino, Salvatore Sembronio and Massimo Robiony

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 5118; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155118 - 4 Aug 2023

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Abstract

As authors of the text, we can only thank Mattei et al. [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

2 pages, 541 KiB

Open AccessComment

Jacob Disease, Osteochondroma of the Coronoid Process, Coronoid Process Hyperplasia or Langenbeck Disease: The Big Jumble. Comment on Raccampo et al. Jacob’s Disease: Case Series, Extensive Literature Review and Classification Proposal. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 938

by Léa Mattei, Gwénaël Raoul, Matthias Schlund and Romain Nicot

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 4966; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154966 - 28 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 721

Abstract

We read the article by Raccampo et al., about Jacob disease and their ambiguous definition of the condition [...] Full article

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18 pages, 1148 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Interventions for Temporomandibular Disorders Associated with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review

by Marianne Trajano da Silva, Carlos Silva, Jade Silva, Mateus Costa, Inae Gadotti and Karyna Ribeiro

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4329; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134329 - 28 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3637

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) refers to different clinical conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and adjacent structures. Although TMDs signs and symptoms (e.g., pain and limited mouth opening) are common, otological symptoms, such as tinnitus, might also be present. This study aims to [...] Read more.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) refers to different clinical conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and adjacent structures. Although TMDs signs and symptoms (e.g., pain and limited mouth opening) are common, otological symptoms, such as tinnitus, might also be present. This study aims to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in individuals with TMDs associated with tinnitus. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of physical therapy in individuals of both genders aged 18 or older with TMDs associated with tinnitus were included. The electronic search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and CENTRAL. A total of four studies were included. All studies showed that physical therapy reduced the intensity of tinnitus, and two trials showed a decrease in the pain intensity caused by TMDs, an increase in the pressure pain thresholds in the masticatory muscles and an improvement of mandibular function. Two studies presented a low risk of bias. Despite a low certainty of the evidence, this review showed that physical therapy reduces the intensity or severity of tinnitus associated with TMDs. Results may support future research on the topic and evidence-based practice by recommending the best physical therapy approach for patients, clinicians, researchers, and health system managers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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13 pages, 637 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review of Treatment Approaches

by Blanca González-Sánchez, Pablo García Monterey, María del Valle Ramírez-Durán, Elisa Mª Garrido-Ardila, Juan Rodríguez-Mansilla and María Jiménez-Palomares

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(12), 4156; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124156 - 20 Jun 2023

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8293

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a diverse array of conditions affecting both the structure and function of the jaw. The aetiology of TMDs is multifactorial and may arise from muscular and joint disorders, degenerative processes, or a combination of various symptoms. The objective of [...] Read more.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a diverse array of conditions affecting both the structure and function of the jaw. The aetiology of TMDs is multifactorial and may arise from muscular and joint disorders, degenerative processes, or a combination of various symptoms. The objective of this review was to analyse the physiotherapy treatment techniques used for the management of temporomandibular disorders. This review also aimed to compare the effectiveness of the differenttreatment methods used and identify the dysfunctions for which physiotherapy interventions are applied as the main treatment. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, and PEDro databases. After applying the inclusion criteria, 15 out of 656 articles were included. The application of different physiotherapy techniques, both alone and in combination, is effective in controlling the primary symptoms of TMD in patients. These symptoms include pain, functionality, and quality of life. The use of physiotherapy as a conservative intervention method for TMDs is supported by sufficient scientific evidence. The combination of different therapies within physiotherapy achieves the best results in treatment. Therapeutic exercise protocols, in combination with manual therapy techniques, are the most commonly utilized method for addressing TMDs and thus provide the best results according to the analysed studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Temporomandibular Disorders": Functional and Conservative Treatment)

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18 pages, 4256 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Jacob’s Disease: Case Series, Extensive Literature Review and Classification Proposal

by Luca Raccampo, Giorgio Panozzo, Alessandro Tel, Michele Di Cosola, Gianluca Colapinto, Lorenzo Trevisiol, Antonio D’agostino, Salvatore Sembronio and Massimo Robiony

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030938 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2129

Abstract

Jacob’s disease is a rare entity consisting of the formation of a pseudojoint between an abnormal coronoid process of the mandible and the inner surface of the zygomatic bone. First described by Jacob in 1899, its diagnosis and definition have never been entirely [...] Read more.

Jacob’s disease is a rare entity consisting of the formation of a pseudojoint between an abnormal coronoid process of the mandible and the inner surface of the zygomatic bone. First described by Jacob in 1899, its diagnosis and definition have never been entirely univocal. In this paper, we present three emblematic cases and an extensive review of the literature on Jacob’s disease. Given the variability observed in the presentation of the disease, we have developed a proposal for the classification, here reported. Full article

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