Clinical Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Autoimmune Disorders and Thyroid Cancer

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology & Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3716

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: thyroid cancer; autoimmune thyroid diseases; thyroid irAE; Graves’ disease; thyroid eye disease; molecular basis of thyroid cancer; advanced thyroid cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors; medullary thyroid cancer

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Guest Editor
Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: thyroid cancer; autoimmune thyroid diseases; thyroid irAE; Graves’ disease; thyroid eye disease; molecular basis of thyroid cancer; advanced thyroid cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors; medullary thyroid cancer; occupational health; public health, in vitro cell culture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Interests: chemokines; autoimmune thyroid disorders; thyroid cancer; primary cell cultures; autoimmunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: thyroid cancer; autoimmune thyroid diseases; thyroid irAE; Graves’ disease; thyroid eye disease; molecular basis of thyroid cancer; advanced thyroid cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors; medullary thyroid cancer; in vitro cell culture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are very common in the general population, and in recent decades there has also been an increase in the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, the widespread use of new oncological therapies, including immunotherapy, has brought out new thyroid side effects that require rapid identification and medical management to minimize the impact on patients already suffering from the neoplastic disease. Several data have also demonstrated that there is an association between autoimmune thyroid diseases, thyroid cancers, and other autoimmune immune diseases, both systemic and organ specific, such as systemic sclerosis, LES, psoriasis, and arthritis. Last but not least, in preliminary studies, a certain impact of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic on the functionality and homeostasis of the immune system, with subsequent autoimmune sequelae,  emerged, further expanding the exposed population to these clinical conditions.  For these reasons, with this Special Issue, we would like to collect original articles and reviews that aim to expand and update the knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and clinical management of the broad spectrum of autoimmune and thyroid diseases, with a specific focus on their interactions.

Dr. Armando Patrizio
Dr. Poupak Fallahi
Dr. Silvia Martina Ferrari
Prof. Dr. Yehuda Shoenfeld
Prof. Dr. Alessandro Antonelli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • thyroid cancer
  • autoimmune thyroid diseases
  • thyroid irAE
  • Graves’ disease
  • thyroid eye disease
  • molecular basis of thyroid cancer
  • advanced thyroid cancer
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitors
  • medullary thyroid cancer

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

12 pages, 516 KiB  
Review
Thyroid Autoimmunity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
by Poupak Fallahi, Giusy Elia, Francesca Ragusa, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Armando Patrizio, Eugenia Balestri, Valeria Mazzi, Salvatore Benvenga, Gilda Varricchi, Laura Gragnani, Chiara Botrini, Enke Baldini, Marco Centanni, Clodoveo Ferri, Alessandro Antonelli and Silvia Martina Ferrari
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6365; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196365 - 5 Oct 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3194
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological culprit of COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), can enter the cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which has been found in several tissues including in endocrine organs, such as the ovaries, testes, [...] Read more.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological culprit of COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), can enter the cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which has been found in several tissues including in endocrine organs, such as the ovaries, testes, pancreas, and thyroid. Several thyroid disorders have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection [subacute thyroiditis (SAT), thyrotoxicosis, and non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS)] and, in part, they are believed to be secondary to the local virus replication within the gland cells. However, as documented for other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 seems to interfere with several aspects of the immune system, inducing the synthesis of autoantibodies and triggering latent or new onset autoimmune disease (AID), including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), such as Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD). Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this induction of autoimmunity by SARS-CoV-2 infection: the immune system hyper-stimulation, the molecular mimicry between the self-antigens of the host and the virus, neutrophils extracellular traps, and finally, the virus induced transcriptional changes in the immune genes; nonetheless, more evidence is needed especially from large, long-term cohort studies involving COVID-19 patients, to establish or reject this pathogenetic relationship. Full article
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