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Autoimmunity Disease and Viral Infections
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Autoimmunity Disease and Viral Infections

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 3150

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yehuda Shoenfeld

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Reichman University, Herzelya 4610101, Israel
Interests: autoimmune diseases; clinical immunology; systemic lupus erythematosus; rheumatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infections induce a panoply of autoantibodies as well as diversity of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, it was also noted to induce exacerbations of autoimmune conditions. The mechanisms by which the virus achieves this are complex and entail hyperstimulation of the immune system and molecular mimicry.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the many facets of the relationships between viruses, the immune system, and the induction of autoimmunity. Series of cases are invited, as well as mechanisms by which diseases are induced by viruses, especially EBV, CMV, and COVID-19. The subject of post-COVID syndrome will also be discussed with all its clinical manifestations and autoimmune aspects, especially those of the autonomic nervous system; papers dedicated to methods of therapy for this prolonged condition are welcome as well. Molecular mimicry  and other mechanisms by which viruses induce autoimmunity will be discussed intensively.

Prof. Dr. Yehuda Shoenfeld
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • autoimmunity
  • autoimmune diseases
  • autonomic nervous system
  • viral infections

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

26 pages, 1290 KiB  
Review
Rheumatoid Arthritis and COVID-19 at the Intersection of Immunology and Infectious Diseases: A Related PRISMA Systematic Literature Review
by Andreea-Iulia Vlădulescu-Trandafir, Violeta-Claudia Bojincă, Constantin Munteanu, Aurelian Anghelescu, Cristina Popescu, Simona-Isabelle Stoica, Sorina Aurelian, Andra Bălănescu, Cristina Băetu, Vlad Ciobanu and Gelu Onose
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011149 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1215
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients face different health challenges when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) than the general population, due to both their immunocompromised state and the immunosuppressive therapies they receive. This systematic literature review, which follows the Preferred Reporting [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients face different health challenges when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) than the general population, due to both their immunocompromised state and the immunosuppressive therapies they receive. This systematic literature review, which follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) paradigm, explores the interactions between RA and SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on immunologic issues, disease management, vaccination, and adverse outcomes. In order to obtain the most relevant information, we systematically reviewed the specific literature from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023, based on the PRISMA method, by which we eventually selected 35 eligible articles, to which we added other ISI-indexed studies to enrich our results further. Consequently, we performed a funnel analysis to evaluate the potential for publication bias. Firstly, the data collected revealed the impact of the pandemic on RA diagnoses and the fear of face-to-face medical consultations that delayed adequate treatment. Secondly, cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities increase the risk of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, and severe COVID-19 outcomes for RA patients. With respect to immunosuppressive treatment used to control RA, it was observed that glucocorticoids (especially high-dose usage) and Rituximab (RTX) predispose the patients to poor SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, as opposed to Baricitinib and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. COVID-19 vaccination has proven effective and generally safe for RA patients in some studies, although therapies with Methotrexate (MTX), Abatacept (ABA), and RTX have been associated with impaired vaccine immune response. This systematic literature review brings updated and thorough information with respect to the immunological, clinical, and management of a complex immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) like RA in the setting of COVID-19 and underlines the challenges faced by this group of patients. The lessons learned can be extended beyond the pandemic in shaping a more informed and compassionate healthcare system and offering long-term medical care for patients with RA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autoimmunity Disease and Viral Infections)
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18 pages, 766 KiB  
Review
The Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Immune-Mediated Gastro-Intestinal Diseases
by Francesca Bernardi, Federica Ungaro, Ferdinando D’Amico, Alessandra Zilli, Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi, Luca Massimino, Mariangela Allocca, Silvio Danese and Federica Furfaro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8301; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158301 - 30 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1350
Abstract
Immune-mediated gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including achalasia, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases, pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to their complex etiology and diverse clinical manifestations. While genetic predispositions and environmental factors have been extensively studied in the context of these [...] Read more.
Immune-mediated gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including achalasia, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases, pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to their complex etiology and diverse clinical manifestations. While genetic predispositions and environmental factors have been extensively studied in the context of these conditions, the role of viral infections and virome dysbiosis remains a subject of growing interest. This review aims to elucidate the involvement of viral infections in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated GI diseases, focusing on achalasia and celiac disease, as well as the virome dysbiosis in IBD. Recent evidence suggests that viral pathogens, ranging from common respiratory viruses to enteroviruses and herpesviruses, may trigger or exacerbate achalasia and celiac disease by disrupting immune homeostasis in the GI tract. Furthermore, alterations in the microbiota and, specifically, in the virome composition and viral–host interactions have been implicated in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation in IBD. By synthesizing current knowledge on viral contributions to immune-mediated GI diseases, this review aims to provide insights into the complex interplay between viral infections, host genetics, and virome dysbiosis, shedding light on novel therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating the burden of these debilitating conditions on patients’ health and quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autoimmunity Disease and Viral Infections)
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