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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 15280

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Selene Barone

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Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; orthognathic surgery; 3D planning; oral surgery; dental implant; telemedicine; MRONJ; osteonecrosis of the jaw; regenerative dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Alessandro Antonelli

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Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: dentistry; oral surgery; implant dentistry; MRONJ; teledentistry; telemedicine; regenerative dentistry; oral medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Francesco Bennardo

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Guest Editor

Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: dental implantology; oral surgery; osteonecrosis of the jaws; platelet concentrates; platelet-rich fibrin; third molar surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Teeth and their supporting tissues provide a biological reservoir for numerous stem-cell populations. Stem cells present in dental pulp, growing roots, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone are characterised by in vitro properties similar to those originally described for bone-marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells.
Oral MSCs, due to their ability to form tubular structures, have demonstrated their potential for tissue regeneration.
The most studied oral MSCs are dental-pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), apical-papilla stem cells (SCAP), periodontal-ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and gingival-mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs).
Over the years, the results obtained from various studies have prompted researchers to analyse, in both regenerative dentistry and medicine, the characteristics of these cells to repair damaged periodontal, muscle and tendon tissues. Despite promising results in the literature, there are only a few human clinical studies for applications of oral stem cells in the treatment of numerous clinical scenarios in dentistry. As clinical use is the ultimate goal, their true regenerative power and safety must be further investigated.
This Special Issue aims to attract researchers to submit research articles and reviews on the subject of regenerative dentistry, from the use of biomaterials to experiments with the application of stem cells.

Dr. Selene Barone
Dr. Alessandro Antonelli
Dr. Francesco Bennardo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

regenerative dentistry
stem cells
tissue regeneration
biomaterials
platelet concentrates

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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14 pages, 1345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Local Anesthesia Onset and Pain Perception in Hemophilic and Thalassemic Conditions

by Supriya Das, Shashirekha Govind, Debkant Jena, Sumit Dash, Siba Prasad Jena, Deepika Yadav, Smita Karan, Jyothsna Kancherla, Amit Jena, Lora Mishra, Sourav Chandra Bidyasagar Bal and Satabdi Pattanaik

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3646; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113646 - 24 May 2023

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Abstract

The study aims to evaluate and compare the onset of local anesthesia (LA) and pain perception during endodontic treatment in hemophilic and thalassemic patients. Methods: The study included 90 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular molars. Three groups (n = 30 in each group) were included. Group 1: hemophilic patients; group 2: thalassemic patients; and group 3: individuals without any systemic diseases. Onset of LA and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores was recorded immediately after the administration of local anesthesia, during the pulp exposure procedure, and during canal instrumentation, and were compared between the three groups. Frequency distribution, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis (p < 0.05) were applied. Results: The mean onset time was 46 ± 34 s in the hemophilic group, 42 ± 23 s in the thalassemic group, and 38 ± 12 s in controls, but the differences were statistically insignificant. After LA administration (LA-VAS), all three groups experienced a statistically significant reduction in pain (p = 0.048). On pulp exposure (PE-VAS) (p = 0.82) and during canal instrumentation (CI-VAS) (p = 0.55), there was no statistically significant difference in pain perception between the groups. The coefficients indicate a positive correlation between the VAS and onset time, indicating a positive reduction in the VAS following the administration of LA. Conclusions: Hemophilic patients exhibited a clinically longer average onset time for LA. However, the difference among the three groups with regard to the overall pain perception after LA administration, during and after pulp exposure, and during canal instrumentation was statistically insignificant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Regenerative Dentistry)

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12 pages, 786 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analytical Study on Current Trends in the Clinico-Mycological Profile among Patients with Superficial Mycoses

by Shreekant Tiwari, Monalisah Nanda, Swetalona Pattanaik, Ganiga Channaiah Shivakumar, Bukanakere Sangappa Sunila, Marco Cicciù and Giuseppe Minervini

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(9), 3051; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093051 - 22 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2336

Abstract

Infections affecting the superficial keratinized layer of the skin, nails, and hair are referred to as dermatophytosis and dermatomycoses, which constitute the most common type of fungal infection that affects people. This clinical ailment has a prevalence of between 30 and 60% and is more common in India’s hot, muggy, tropical climate. Examining the prevalence of superficial mycoses (SM), their clinical symptoms, and the fungal species that were identified as the disease-causing agents were the main objectives of the current study. This study comprised 250 clinically confirmed patients with SM who visited our dermatology department over the course of a year. Skin scrapings, nail clippings, and hair samples were gathered, mounted, and cultured using KOH. Macroscopic examination of culture, tease mount, and phenotypic tests were used to identify the species. The age group of 11–20 years (29%) had the highest prevalence of SM out of the 250 clinically verified cases of the condition that were included in our study, followed by 21–30 years (20%) and 31–40 years (18%). Candida albicans, dermatophytes, and non-dermatophytic moulds were the three most prevalent fungal isolates. The most typical dermatophyte isolate was T. rubrum, which was primarily found in Tinea corporis (TCo), Tinea cruris (TCr), and Tinea faciei (TFa). T. mentagrophytes was the second most frequent isolate. According to our investigation, it was determined that non-dermatophytic moulds constitute a significant contributor to the development of SM in addition to dermatophytes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Regenerative Dentistry)

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13 pages, 1643 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Joint Flexibility, Hand Grip Strength and Pain on Oral Hygiene in Musculoskeletal Disorders—A Non-Interventional Clinical Study

by Irshad Ahmad, Rafi Ahmad Togoo, Demah Saleh M. Alharthi, Atheer Ali M. Alhassan, Deena Ali O. Alqahtani, Debjani Mukherjee, Mohammed Saleh Alharthi, Fuzail Ahmad, Hashim Ahmed, Shahnaz Hasan, Mohammed M. Alshehri and Shadab Uddin

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2190; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062190 - 11 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2791

Abstract

Diseases of the oral cavity and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common occurrences. They are commonly linked with partial mobility, resulting in limited visits to dentists for routine oral care, causing poor periodontal condition, bleeding, gingival inflammation, and increased depth of periodontal pockets. The present study was conducted to measure joint movements, hand grip strength, and pain in joints and their association with oral health. Materials and methods: The study included 200 subjects, half suffering from back, neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist problems, belonging to different age groups and professions; 100 had joint pain, and 100 were without joint pain. The study assessed individuals exposed to oral health issues by measuring the strength of hand grip, flexibility, and pain score of the back, neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. The strength of the hand grip and the angle of the elbow and shoulder were measured in addition to a questionnaire to assess the relationship between back pain and oral health. To evaluate dental health status and oral hygiene, the total number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF/T) and Oral Hygiene Index—Simplified (OHI-S) indices were used. Results: The difference between all demographic parameters was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was observed that there was a significant difference in calculus, debris, and dental caries scores in both groups, with significantly lower scores and better oral hygiene in patients without joint pain. Concerning pain score and joint movements, the group without joint pain showed a significantly better range of movements and less pain than patients suffering from joint pain, and statistically a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between both groups. Conclusion: The present study revealed that musculoskeletal disorders, pain in the neck and hand, and restricted movements were common among professionals. We observed that pain in joints, neck, and hands, with restricted movements, caused a serious impact on the maintenance of oral hygiene practices among subjects of different professions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Regenerative Dentistry)

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12 pages, 1490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Pulp Tissue Viability and Cytotoxicity of Pulp Capping Agents

by Pratima Panda, Shashirekha Govind, Sanjit Kumar Sahoo, Satabdi Pattanaik, Rachappa M. Mallikarjuna, Triveni Nalawade, Sanjay Saraf, Naseer Al Khaldi, Salma Al Jahdhami, Vinay Shivagange and Amit Jena

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020539 - 9 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2386

Abstract

The present research study assessed the cell viability and cytotoxic effect of mineral tri-oxide aggregate (MTA), Tetric N-Bond Universal bonding agent, Theracal PT (pulpotomy treatment), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as pulp capping agents on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The cells were isolated from the pulp tissue of an extracted healthy permanent third molar. After four passages in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, the primary cells were employed for the investigation. The test materials and untreated cells (negative control) were subjected to an Methylthiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity assay and assessed at 24-, 48-, and 72-h intervals. The Wilcoxon matched-paired t-test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were applied (p < 0.05). PRF imparted the highest cell viability at 48 h (p < 0.001), followed by MTA, Theracal PT, and Tetric N-Bond. Similarly, PRF had the highest potential to enhance cell proliferation and differentiation (p < 0.001), followed by Theracal PT, MTA, and the bonding agent at the end of 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Finally, PRF sustained the viability of human primary dental pulp stem cells more effectively than Theracal PT and MTA; however, the application of a Tetric N-Bond as a pulp capping agent was ineffective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Regenerative Dentistry)

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7 pages, 793 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Self-Mutilation in Lesch–Nyhan Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Gaetano Isola, Ilaria Piccardo, Anna De Mari, Giorgio Alberti and Marco Migliorati

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(20), 5981; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205981 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2196

Abstract

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare genetic condition resulting from an inherited disorder of purine metabolism. It is characterized by the lack of one enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phos-phoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), which is responsible for purine salvage. The main manifestations of this syndrome are hyperuricaemia, reduction in cognitive abilities, self-aggressive behavior, choreoathetosis, spasticity, and retarded development. The aim of the study was to investigate the means of treatment and efficacy of prevention of oral self-injury behavior (SIB) in patients with LNS. Information regarding the type and treatment of oral SIB in 19 LSN Italian patients (mean age 23.3 years) was gathered via a structured telephone interview of their parents. A total of 84% of the patients showed some form of self-injury behavior; the first form to manifest itself was finger biting (37%), followed by lip biting (25%), and then tongue biting (18%). Furthermore, 74% of cases featured oral SIB, and tooth extraction was found to be the most frequent form of treatment practiced (71%). This study has revealed the great difficulty parents and carers face in managing forms of oral SIB; dental extraction was the most common choice, despite its invasive nature and far-reaching consequences in regard to the psychosocial status of the patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Regenerative Dentistry)

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15 pages, 9753 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Sinus Augmentation for Implant Placement Utilizing a Novel Synthetic Graft Material with Delayed Immediate Socket Grafting: A 2-Year Case Study

by Peter Fairbairn, Stuart Kilner, Dominic O’Hooley, Andrew Fish and Gregori M. Kurtzman

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(7), 2485; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072485 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3299

Abstract

Frequently, sinus augmentation is required when replacing failing or missing molars in the maxilla due to loss of alveolar bone related to periodontal disease, pneumatization of the sinus or a combination of the two factors. Various materials have been advocated and utilized; these fall into the categories of allograft, xenograft and synthetic materials. This article shall discuss a study of 10 cases with a 2-year follow-up utilizing a novel synthetic graft material used for sinus augmentation either simultaneously with implant placement or in preparation for sinus augmentation and implant placement in the posterior maxilla. The results of the 10 cases in the study found consistent results over the 2-year study period with maintenance of the alveolar height at the maxillary sinus. A lack of complications or failures in the study group demonstrates the technique has useful applications in increasing ridge height to permit implant placement inferior to the sinus floor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Regenerative Dentistry)

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