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Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment
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Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 22142

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Carlos E. Nemcovsky

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Guest Editor
Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Interests: soft and hard tissue reconstruction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Joseph Nissan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
Interests: fixed prosthodontics; implant dentistry; aesthetic dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A wide range of oral reconstructive biomaterials are currently used in a variety of fields, with properties that have greatly evolved over the last few years. For example, oral rehabilitation and dental restorative procedures apply a wide range of biomaterials, and in periodontal therapy, tooth prognosis may be significantly improved through reconstructive treatment with the use of biomaterials. Dental implants offer an evidence-based treatment alternative to replace missing teeth. Implant therapy is continuously evolving; macro and micro implant morphology has dramatically changed during these last few years. A wide range of biomaterials are also applied for bone reconstruction. Most are osseoconductive; however, others are osseoinductive, promoting osseous regeneration. New biomaterials, some of them derived from the patient’s blood, have been recently described and clinically applied, and biomaterials and techniques for large reconstructions in the maxillo-facial region are constantly improving. Endodontic treatment has also profoundly changed over the last few years. Regenerative endodontics applies biomaterials and techniques, and is currently used in clinical practice.

The scope of this “Journal of Functional Biomaterials” Special Issue, entitled “Biomaterials for oral reconstructive treatment”, comprises all biomaterials applied in the different dental disciplines: oral rehabilitation, periodontology, dental implantology, oral and maxillo-facial reconstruction and endodontology. Special attention will be given to active biomaterials developed to induce cell differentiation/stimulation, trigger hard tissue formation and exert antimicrobial actions. Original research, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, literature reviews, and case series concerning biomaterials used for oral reconstructive treatment in all dental disciplines are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Carlos E. Nemcovsky
Prof. Dr. Joseph Nissan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral rehabilitation
  • dental restorative materials
  • periodontology
  • dental implantology
  • oral and maxillo-facial reconstruction
  • endodontology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4380 KiB  
Article
Active and Passive Mineralization of Bio-Gide® Membranes in Rat Calvaria Defects
by Karol Ali Apaza Alccayhuaman, Patrick Heimel, Stefan Tangl, Stefan Lettner, Carina Kampleitner, Layla Panahipour, Ulrike Kuchler and Reinhard Gruber
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15030054 - 21 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
Bio-Gide® is a collagen membrane routinely used in guided bone regeneration. Recent studies have shown that this collagen membrane has osteoconductive properties, meaning that it can support the growth of new bone. However, it has also been observed that the collagen membrane [...] Read more.
Bio-Gide® is a collagen membrane routinely used in guided bone regeneration. Recent studies have shown that this collagen membrane has osteoconductive properties, meaning that it can support the growth of new bone. However, it has also been observed that the collagen membrane has areas of mineralized fibers which can occur spontaneously and independently of osteoblasts. To better understand how this works, we established a model using minced collagen membranes to reduce the active mineralization of intact collagen membranes in favor of passive mineralization. We thus compared the original intact membrane with a minced collagen membrane in a 5 mm calvarial defect model in Sprague Dawley rats. After three weeks of healing, histology and microcomputed tomography (μCT) were performed. Histological analysis confirmed the osteoconductive properties, with new bone growing inside the intact collagen membrane. However, in minced collagen membranes, the osteoconductive properties were restricted to the defect margins. Interestingly, histology revealed large mineralized areas indicating passive mineralization with no signs of bone formation. In the μCT analysis, the intact collagen membranes caused a higher median mineralized volume (1.5 mm3) compared with the minced group (0.4 mm3), but this lacked significance (p = 0.09). The μCT analysis needs to be interpreted carefully, particularly in defects filled with minced membranes, considering that the mineralized tissue may not necessarily be bone but also the result of passive mineralization. Taken together, the findings suggest that Bio-Gide® collagen membranes support bone formation while also exhibiting potential for passive mineralization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment)
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13 pages, 6128 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Strain Distribution in Common Clinical Designs of Posterior Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Restorations: Comparison between Six Configurations
by Oded Ghelfan, Joseph Nissan, Asaf Shely, Gil Ben-Izhack, Liat Chaushu, Esi Sharon, Ari Glikman, Eran Zenziper and Ofir Rosner
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15020047 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1613
Abstract
The configuration of implant-supported prostheses is considered to influence the magnitude of stress concentrations, affecting their survival rate. The purpose of this study is to determine, through strain gauge measurements during load application, the dispersion and magnitude of strain concentrations in different implant-supported [...] Read more.
The configuration of implant-supported prostheses is considered to influence the magnitude of stress concentrations, affecting their survival rate. The purpose of this study is to determine, through strain gauge measurements during load application, the dispersion and magnitude of strain concentrations in different implant-supported prosthesis designs. All designs matched those commonly used in posterior partially edentulous states. Three implants were inserted into an epoxy resin model (PLM-4B Vishay Measurements Group Inc., Raleigh, NC, USA), allowing for the delivery of three- and four-unit crowns in different cemented configurations. Loads were applied at vertical and oblique directions over the cast crowns in six different configurations representing various posterior partially edentulous restorations. The readings from the strain gauges adhered to the implant necks’ presented data on implant strain. Prostheses including cantilevers showed the highest strain among the three-unit prostheses within the prosthetic complex, and three single units showed the least (8133 µs vs. 201 µs, respectively). Angulated load application also had a role in amplifying the strains recorded, resulting in total strains of between 3.5 and 20 times higher than during vertical loading in all configurations. It can be concluded that the configuration of implant-fixed partial prosthesis changes the loads engaging the restoration, the implant, and, probably, the supporting bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment)
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15 pages, 5173 KiB  
Article
Addition of Resolvins D1 or E1 to Collagen Membranes Mitigates Their Resorption in Diabetic Rats
by Michal Almogy, Ofer Moses, Nathan Schiffmann, Evgeny Weinberg, Carlos E. Nemcovsky and Miron Weinreb
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050283 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1452
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by aberrant inflammatory reactions and increased collagenolysis. We have reported that it accelerates the degradation of implanted collagen membranes (CM), thus compromising their function in regenerative procedures. In recent years, a group of physiological anti-inflammatory agents called specialized pro-resolving [...] Read more.
Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by aberrant inflammatory reactions and increased collagenolysis. We have reported that it accelerates the degradation of implanted collagen membranes (CM), thus compromising their function in regenerative procedures. In recent years, a group of physiological anti-inflammatory agents called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been tested as a treatment for various inflammatory conditions, either systemically or locally, via medical devices. Yet, no study has tested their effect on the fate of the biodegradable material itself. Here, we measured the in vitro release over time of 100 or 800 ng resolvin D1 (RvD1) incorporated into CM discs. In vivo, diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin, while buffer-injected (normoglycemic) rats served as controls. Resolvins (100 or 800 ng of RvD1 or RvE1) were added to biotin-labeled CM discs, which were implanted sub-periosteally over the calvaria of rats. Membrane thickness, density, and uniformity were determined by quantitative histology after 3 weeks. In vitro, significant amounts of RvD1 were released over 1–8 days, depending on the amount loaded. In vivo, CMs from diabetic animals were thinner, more porous, and more variable in thickness and density. The addition of RvD1 or RvE1 improved their regularity, increased their density, and reduced their invasion by the host tissue significantly. We conclude that addition of resolvins to biodegradable medical devices can protect them from excessive degradation in systemic conditions characterized by high degree of collagenolysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment)
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13 pages, 2748 KiB  
Article
Collagenase Administration into Periodontal Ligament Reduces the Forces Required for Tooth Extraction in an Ex situ Porcine Jaw Model
by Ran Tohar, Hen Alali, Tamar Ansbacher, Tamar Brosh, Inbal Sher, Yossi Gafni, Evgeny Weinberg and Maayan Gal
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(2), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020076 - 8 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3328
Abstract
Minimally invasive exodontia is among the long-sought-for development aims of safe dental medicine. In this paper, we aim, for the first time, to examine whether the enzymatic disruption of the periodontal ligament fibers reduces the force required for tooth extraction. To this end, [...] Read more.
Minimally invasive exodontia is among the long-sought-for development aims of safe dental medicine. In this paper, we aim, for the first time, to examine whether the enzymatic disruption of the periodontal ligament fibers reduces the force required for tooth extraction. To this end, recombinantly expressed clostridial collagenase G variant purified from Escherichia coli was injected into the periodontal ligament of mesial and distal roots of the first and second split porcine mandibular premolars. The vehicle solution was injected into the corresponding roots on the contralateral side. Following sixteen hours, the treated mandibles were mounted on a loading machine to measure the extraction force. In addition, the effect of the enzyme on the viability of different cell types was evaluated. An average reduction of 20% in the applied force (albeit with a large variability of 50 to 370 newton) was observed for the enzymatically treated roots, reaching up to 50% reduction in some cases. Importantly, the enzyme showed only a minor and transient effect on cellular viability, without any signs of toxicity. Using an innovative model enabling the analytical measurement of extraction forces, we show, for the first time, that the enzymatic disruption of periodontal ligament fibers substantially reduces the force required for tooth extraction. This novel technique brings us closer to atraumatic exodontia, potentially reducing intra- and post-operative complications and facilitating subsequent implant placement. The development of novel enzymes with enhanced activity may further simplify the tooth extraction process and present additional clinical relevance for the broad range of implications in the oral cavity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment)
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Review

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21 pages, 11753 KiB  
Review
Fixed Prosthetic Restorations and Periodontal Health: A Narrative Review
by Viritpon Srimaneepong, Artak Heboyan, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Zohaib Khurshid, Anand Marya, Gustavo V. O. Fernandes and Dinesh Rokaya
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010015 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 12473
Abstract
Periodontal health plays an important role in the longevity of prosthodontic restorations. The issues of comparative assessment of prosthetic constructions are complicated and not fully understood. The aim of this article is to review and present the current knowledge regarding the various technical, [...] Read more.
Periodontal health plays an important role in the longevity of prosthodontic restorations. The issues of comparative assessment of prosthetic constructions are complicated and not fully understood. The aim of this article is to review and present the current knowledge regarding the various technical, clinical, and molecular aspects of different prosthetic biomaterials and highlight the interactions between periodontal health and prosthetic restorations. Articles on periodontal health and fixed dental prostheses were searched using the keywords “zirconium”, “CAD/CAM”, “dental ceramics”, “metal–ceramics”, “margin fit”, “crown”, “fixed dental prostheses”, “periodontium”, and “margin gap” in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Further search criteria included being published in English, and between January 1981 and September 2021. Then, relevant articles were selected, included, and critically analyzed in this review. The margin of discrepancy results in the enhanced accumulation of dental biofilm, microleakage, hypersensitivity, margin discoloration, increased gingival crevicular fluid flow (GCF), recurrent caries, pulp infection and, lastly, periodontal lesion and bone loss, which can lead to the failure of prosthetic treatment. Before starting prosthetic treatment, the condition of the periodontal tissues should be assessed for their oral hygiene status, and gingival and periodontal conditions. Zirconium-based restorations made from computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology provide better results, in terms of marginal fit, inflammation reduction, maintenance, and the restoration of periodontal health and oral hygiene, compared to constructions made by conventional methods, and from other alloys. Compared to subgingival margins, supragingival margins offer better oral hygiene, which can be maintained and does not lead to secondary caries or periodontal disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment)
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