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Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes
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Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 13565

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chang Geun Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ecological Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Interests: marine forest; restoration; ecological engineering; biodiversity; ecological survey; habitat; eco-mapping
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the marine ecosystem has been changing due to global temperature changes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research results that can respond to changes in the marine ecosystem and research related to the restoration of damaged ecosystems. The purpose of the proposed Special Issue is to publish the most exciting research with respect to the above subjects, provide a rapid turn-around time regarding reviewing and publishing, and disseminate the articles freely for research, teaching, and reference purposes.

This open access Special Issue invites the submission of high-quality and innovative scientific papers. We are looking for: research that can quantify changes in marine ecosystems, research regarding restoring damaged ecosystems, advanced research to monitor changes in marine ecosystems, studies on changes in all members of the marine ecosystem, and ecological research on seaweed and marine organisms.

Prof. Dr. Chang Geun Choi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine ecosystem
  • monitoring
  • eco mapping
  • ecological information
  • habitat
  • change in marine environment
  • ecological engineering
  • marine restoration
  • ecological changes

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4058 KiB  
Article
Assessing Nutrient Limitation in Yeongsan River Estuary Using Bioassay Experiments
by Bo Bae Yoon, Yun-Hwan Jung and Yongsik Sin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(7), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071337 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1204
Abstract
The Yeongsan River estuary is experiencing increased concentrations of nutrient and organic matter due to its estuary bank (sea dike). The opening of floodgates at the estuary bank leads to a substantial inflow of freshwater into the saltwater zone, thereby resulting in water [...] Read more.
The Yeongsan River estuary is experiencing increased concentrations of nutrient and organic matter due to its estuary bank (sea dike). The opening of floodgates at the estuary bank leads to a substantial inflow of freshwater into the saltwater zone, thereby resulting in water quality changes. Our study evaluated spatiotemporal variations in nutrient limitation in the freshwater and saltwater zones in the Yeongsan River estuary, which is expected to fluctuate with the changing seasons. We utilized the N:P ratio to evaluate the potential nutrient limitation and conducted bioassay experiments to directly assess actual nutrient limitation. The N:P ratio showed that P was the limiting nutrient in both the long-term (2004–2008) and during our field investigation. However, the bioassay experiment revealed that in the freshwater zone, P was limited in spring and winter (p < 0.05), while no nutrient was limited in summer and fall. In the saltwater zone, we observed P limitation in spring and winter (p < 0.05) and N limitation in fall (p < 0.05), whereas no nutrient limitation was observed in the summer. These results demonstrate that actual nutrient limitation, which directly influences phytoplankton growth, varies spatiotemporally in response to freshwater discharge in the Yeongsan River estuary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes)
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13 pages, 4191 KiB  
Article
Impact of Super Typhoon ‘Hinnamnor’ on Density of Kelp Forest and Associated Benthic Communities in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea
by Kyeong-Tae Lee, Garance Perrois, Hyun-Sung Yang, Taeho Kim, Sun Kyeong Choi, Do-Hyung Kang and Taihun Kim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11051035 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the levels of resistance and resilience of kelp forests to large-scale physical disturbances. Our study site, Seongsan, Jeju Island, was impacted by super typhoon ‘Hinnamnor’. Before the typhoon, Seongsan had shown high ecosystem stability. Our results [...] Read more.
This study was carried out to determine the levels of resistance and resilience of kelp forests to large-scale physical disturbances. Our study site, Seongsan, Jeju Island, was impacted by super typhoon ‘Hinnamnor’. Before the typhoon, Seongsan had shown high ecosystem stability. Our results indicated that the ecological stability of a kelp forest facing a severe typhoon is strongly linked to the prevailing environmental conditions. Although typhoon impact resulted in a significant loss of brown macroalgae canopy, Ecklonia cava remained dominant within the kelp forest community. Resistance and resilience levels strongly depended on water temperature and movement and presence of turf-forming algae. Hence, hydrodynamic and biological factors strongly influence the overall stability of a kelp forest. We also report the first occurrences of a scleractinian coral species (i.e., Montipora millepora) at Seongsan, which became visible after canopy loss following the typhoon. Our findings provide valuable ecological information about the benthic community of kelp-dominated ecosystems and are essential to mitigate the impacts of expected climate change-driven rises in seawater temperature and the frequency of super typhoons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes)
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19 pages, 11962 KiB  
Article
New Records of the Copidognathus gibbus Group (Acari, Halacaridae) from Korea, with Descriptions of C. levicostatus n. sp. and C. vicinus
by Jimin Lee, Jong Hak Shin and Cheon Young Chang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050964 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
Two marine halacarids, Copidognathus levicostatus n. sp. and C. vicinus Bartsch, 1997, belonging to the C. gibbus group, have been recorded based on both sexes from the microhabitat of intertidal and sublittoral rocks on the coast of South Korea. Copidognathus levicostatus n. sp. Is [...] Read more.
Two marine halacarids, Copidognathus levicostatus n. sp. and C. vicinus Bartsch, 1997, belonging to the C. gibbus group, have been recorded based on both sexes from the microhabitat of intertidal and sublittoral rocks on the coast of South Korea. Copidognathus levicostatus n. sp. Is characterized by a combination of features, as follows: the absence of areolae with rosette pores on all dorsal and ventral plates, the presence of a short frontal process, a pair of costae with raised narrow ribs on the posterior dorsal plate, the partial fusion of the anterior epimeral plate and genitoanal plate in both sexes, and three pairs of perigenital setae in the male. The Korean specimens of C. vicinus Bartsch, 1997 agree well with the original description from Hong Kong, except for the lateral claws bearing a comb. This study provides detailed (re)descriptions of the morphological characteristics of the two Korean halacarid species, C. levicostatus n. sp. and C. vicinus, based on illustrations and scanning electron microscope photomicrographs. Additionally, we present a dichotomous key for known Copidognathus species in Korean waters, accompanied by a brief comment on their occurrence in various microhabitats, especially their habitat preferences for geniculate and non-geniculate red coralline algae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes)
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16 pages, 6735 KiB  
Article
Correlation of the Structural Characteristics of an Artificial Oyster Reef with Its Wake Region
by Minju Kim, Somi Jung, Than Van Chau and Won-Bae Na
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040775 - 3 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1645
Abstract
Oyster reefs are currently at risk of severe decline due to dangerous human interference and its aftermath; hence, artificial oyster reefs (AORs) have been utilized for their restoration. AORs with high vertical reliefs interact with the surrounding flow, constitute a reverse flow, and [...] Read more.
Oyster reefs are currently at risk of severe decline due to dangerous human interference and its aftermath; hence, artificial oyster reefs (AORs) have been utilized for their restoration. AORs with high vertical reliefs interact with the surrounding flow, constitute a reverse flow, and create a wake region in which concentrated nutrients and food organisms exist. However, the correlations of the structural characteristics of an AOR with its wake regions have not been studied. Thus, we established 96 AOR models, carried out flow analyses, and obtained their wake volumes, considering shell orientation, composition, penetration depth, and growth stage. We found that the growth stage is the most critical parameter for establishing a normalized wake volume. This implies that the number of oyster shells (N) is the most critical factor in securing a normalized wake volume, in which their correlation was linear and significant (R2=0.89). We also found that the correlations of the normalized wake volume with blocking and surface complexity indices were linearly significant, respectively. Additionally, wake volume efficiency increased with the number of oyster shells; specifically, the criterion for wake volume efficiency of EI (efficiency index) ≥ 2.0 was satisfied when N≥50 per 900 cm2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes)
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13 pages, 2021 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Satellite Imagery for Identifying Seagrass Distribution Using a Machine Learning Algorithm on the Eastern Coast of South Korea
by Liadira Kusuma Widya, Chang-Hwan Kim, Jong-Dae Do, Sung-Jae Park, Bong-Chan Kim and Chang-Wook Lee
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040701 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2729
Abstract
Seagrass is an essential component of coastal ecosystems because of its capability to absorb blue carbon, and its involvement in sustaining marine biodiversity. In this study, support vector machine (SVM) technologies with corrected satellite imagery data, were applied to identify the distribution of [...] Read more.
Seagrass is an essential component of coastal ecosystems because of its capability to absorb blue carbon, and its involvement in sustaining marine biodiversity. In this study, support vector machine (SVM) technologies with corrected satellite imagery data, were applied to identify the distribution of seagrasses. Observations of seagrasses from satellite imagery were obtained using GeoEye-1, Sentinel-2 MSI level 1C, and Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery. The satellite imagery from Google Earth has been obtained at a very high resolution, and was to be used within both the training and testing of a classification method. The optical satellite imagery must be processed for image classification, throughout which radiometric correction, sunglint, and water column adjustments were applied. We restricted the scope of the study area to a maximum depth of 10 m due to the fact that light does not penetrate beyond this level. When classifying the distribution of seagrasses present in the research region, the recently developed SVM technique achieved overall accuracy values of up to 92% (GeoEye-1), 88% (Sentinel-2 MSI level 1C), and 83% (Landsat-8 OLI), respectively. The results of the overall accuracy values are also used to evaluate classification models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes)
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9 pages, 1734 KiB  
Communication
First Report with Molecular Confirmation of the Colonial Sphenopid Palythoa mutuki (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoantharia: Sphenopidae) Forming Massive Colonies in Southern Jeju Island, Korea
by Hyun-Sung Yang, Young-Ghan Cho, Taeho Kim and Soo-Jin Heo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030574 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
As the global sea surface water temperature increases due to climate change, some zooxanthellate species have extended their habitat range to higher latitudes. Palythoa species, a colonial zooxanthellate cnidarian, is one such example of a range-extending animal. Recently, massive colonies of zoantharians that [...] Read more.
As the global sea surface water temperature increases due to climate change, some zooxanthellate species have extended their habitat range to higher latitudes. Palythoa species, a colonial zooxanthellate cnidarian, is one such example of a range-extending animal. Recently, massive colonies of zoantharians that appeared to be of Palythoa spp. were discovered in a subtidal area of southern Jeju Island. Because a zoantharian-dominated ecosystem could indicate an unhealthy status, the documentation of its occurrence and species identification are crucial for subsequent studies. In this study, we report and confirm the presence of massive Palythoa colonies in Taeheung and Topyeong, off the southern coast of Jeju Island, using in situ underwater images and identify the species by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer rDNA. The resulting Bayesian inference tree clearly demonstrates that the massive colonies consist of Palythoa mutuki and are closely related to P. mutuki collected from the Ryukyu Archipelago in southern Japan. These records provide evidence of the northward expansion of subtropical and tropical marine organisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes)
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12 pages, 2047 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Marine Macroalgal Biomass Using a Coverage Analysis
by Seung Wook Jung and Chang Geun Choi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111676 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1970
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of biomass estimation by non-destructive sampling, determine whether the results derived from various types of marine macroalgae are reliable, and a newly proposed method. A quantitative survey was conducted on marine macroalgae communities distributed in [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of biomass estimation by non-destructive sampling, determine whether the results derived from various types of marine macroalgae are reliable, and a newly proposed method. A quantitative survey was conducted on marine macroalgae communities distributed in the subtidal zone in 67 coastal regions in Korea. Regression analyses were conducted on 11,642 fresh weight datasets covering of 135 species of marine macroalgae. The linear function was FW = 17.721C (adj r2 = 0.745, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 4.48C1.251 (adj r2 = 0.891, p < 0.001). Our analysis accounted for the fact that there were three vertically distributed layers of a marine macroalgal assemblages with various shapes (i.e., the Ecklonia complex, the Sargassum and Undaria complex, and the understory complex). For the Ecklonia complex, the linear function was FW = 27.360C (adj r2 = 0.886, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 9.626C1.223 (adj r2 = 0.909, p < 0.001). For the Sargassum and Undaria complex, the linear function was FW = 18.389C (adj r2 = 0.916, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 6.567C1.255 (adj r2 = 0.942, p < 0.001). For the understory complex, the linear function was FW = 10.419C (adj r2 = 0.737, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 4.377C1.182 (adj r2 = 0.871, p < 0.001). Our findings demonstrated that the proposed method can accurately estimate the primary productivity of a wide range of coastal ecosystems based on remote sensing and non-destructive surveys of small-scale marine macroalgal communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Physiology of Seaweeds and Their Response to Changes)
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