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Nutrition and Physiology of Marine Fish
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Nutrition and Physiology of Marine Fish

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Aquaculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2024) | Viewed by 3035

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kangle Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
Interests: fish nutrition; feed; fish physiology; aquaculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuanyuan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan 250013, China
Interests: fish nutrition; fish immunology
Dr. Samad Rahimnejad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: sustainable aquaculture; aquaculture nutrition; alternative feedstuffs; feed supplements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fish account for 20% of the global population’s animal protein intake. In particular, marine fish are unique and rich sources of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., DHA, EPA) with beneficial effects on human health. Scientists believe that fish farming will constitute a much more important food and protein source in the future. An optimal nutrient supply is crucial to fish growth, health, and reproduction during farming. For a long time, the main focus of marine fish nutrition studies has been on nutrient requirements; however, in recent decades, the interaction between nutrition and physiology has drawn a great deal of attention. The digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients are associated with physiological responses in fish. For instance, the questions of why high-carbohydrate feeds induce “diabetes” in fish, and whether fishmeal can be totally replaced by plant proteins, remain to be answered. This Special Issue aims to collect studies that focus on the physiology, biochemistry, and  nutrition of marine fish.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Kangle Lu
Dr. Yuanyuan Zhang
Dr. Samad Rahimnejad
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish
  • nutrition
  • metabolism
  • physiology
  • nutrients
  • feeding

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2118 KiB  
Article
Aquaporin 12 Is Expressed in the Stomach and Liver of the Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
by Christopher P. Cutler, Jade Bender, Sarah Conner and Esosa Omoregie
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(1), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010161 - 18 Jan 2025
Viewed by 387
Abstract
The sequence of Aquaporin 12 (AQP12) cDNA was amplified from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) cDNAs using degenerate PCR, followed by 5′ and 3′ RACE PCR. The AQP12 nucleotide sequence had an open reading frame of 300 amino acids, which included one [...] Read more.
The sequence of Aquaporin 12 (AQP12) cDNA was amplified from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) cDNAs using degenerate PCR, followed by 5′ and 3′ RACE PCR. The AQP12 nucleotide sequence had an open reading frame of 300 amino acids, which included one or more N-glycosylation sites. Degenerate and tissue PCRs revealed that AQP12 is expressed at the highest levels in the liver, followed by the pyloric stomach and the esophagus/cardiac stomach, with a small amount potentially present in the eye. A polyclonal antibody was made using a peptide from the derived amino acid sequence. Western blotting with the antibody showed faint banding around the size expected (33 kDa) by the 300 amino acid protein. A few more intense bands were seen at around 40 kDa and larger sizes. Immunohistochemistry in cardiac stomach tissue sections showed staining in a few sporadic paneth-like secretory cells along the surface of the epithelium. High-magnification imaging showed that the AQP12 staining was located in the membrane of secretory granules in the apical pole of the cells. This localization is reminiscent of the AQP12 localization in pancreatic acinar cells, where it is found in the membrane of zymogen granules containing digestive enzymes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Physiology of Marine Fish)
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16 pages, 1926 KiB  
Article
TLR2/TLR5 Signaling and Gut Microbiota Mediate Soybean-Meal-Induced Enteritis and Declined Growth and Antioxidant Capabilities in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
by Lei Zheng, Chao Zeng, Wanqin Zhu, Jiaonan Zhang, Lei Wang, Jianchun Shao and Wei Zhao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(11), 2016; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12112016 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 793
Abstract
Soybean meal, renowned for its high yield, cost efficiency, and protein richness, serves as a pivotal plant-based alternative to fish meal. However, high soybean meal inclusion in Larimichthys crocea diets is linked to enteritis and oxidative damage, with unknown mechanisms. Our study aims [...] Read more.
Soybean meal, renowned for its high yield, cost efficiency, and protein richness, serves as a pivotal plant-based alternative to fish meal. However, high soybean meal inclusion in Larimichthys crocea diets is linked to enteritis and oxidative damage, with unknown mechanisms. Our study aims to elucidate the molecular basis of soybean-meal-induced enteritis and its impact on intestinal microbiota in L. crocea. To this end, four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying soybean meal levels (0% FM, 15% SBM15, 30% SBM30, and 45% SBM45) were administered to L. crocea for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the SBM30 and SBM45 treatments significantly hindered fish growth, digestive efficiency, and protein utilization. Furthermore, high soybean meal levels (SBM30 and SBM45) activated intestinal Toll-like receptors (TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR5, and TLR22), stimulating C-Rel and mTOR protein expression and elevating ERK phosphorylation. This led to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, and TGF-β), suggesting a potential signaling pathway for soybean-meal-induced enteritis. Furthermore, enteritis induced by high soybean meal levels led to oxidative damage, evident from increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT). The SBM30 and SBM45 treatments increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance in fish gut microbiota, while Proteobacteria abundance decreased. This microbiota shift may enhance soybean meal nutrient utilization, yet high soybean meal concentrations still impair growth. A soybean-meal-rich diet promotes harmful bacteria like Rhodococcus and depletes probiotics like Ralstonia, increasing disease risks. L. crocea has limited tolerance for soybean meal, necessitating advanced processing to mitigate anti-nutritional factors. Ultimately, exploring alternative protein sources beyond soybean meal for fish meal replacement is optimal for L. crocea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Physiology of Marine Fish)
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17 pages, 4199 KiB  
Article
Impact of Krill Meal on Enhancing Skin Mucosal Health and Reducing Sea Lice in Atlantic Salmon
by Kiranpreet Kaur, Mearge A. Okubamichael, Susanne Håvardstun Eide and Karin Pittman
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091486 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1495
Abstract
The salmon industry’s challenges with skin health and sea lice emphasize the necessity for fish-sensitive measures like functional nutrition to boost skin health and fish welfare. The present study investigated the efficacy of krill meal (KM) for skin mucosal health and sea lice [...] Read more.
The salmon industry’s challenges with skin health and sea lice emphasize the necessity for fish-sensitive measures like functional nutrition to boost skin health and fish welfare. The present study investigated the efficacy of krill meal (KM) for skin mucosal health and sea lice in Atlantic salmon (170 g). Following an 8-week feeding period, in duplicate tanks, on test diets (8% KM, 12% KM, and the control group), fish underwent a 2-week sea lice challenge, reaching 350 g. The 8% KM diet group had thicker skin epithelium (72.3 µ) compared to the 12% KM (51.3 µ) and the control groups (43.8 µ) after 8 weeks. Additionally, skin mucosal health parameters—cell size (208 µ2), cell density (25.2%), and defense activity (1.19)—were significantly enhanced with 8% KM compared to the 12% KM (cell size: 162.3 µ2, cell density: 17%, defense activity: 1.04) and the control group (cell size: 173.5 µ2, cell density: 16.4%, defense activity: 0.93). Furthermore, fish fed with 8% KM significantly showed the lowest sea lice, along with reduced cell size while maintaining a high abundance of skin mucous cells, suggesting efficient turnover of the skin mucosal layer to remove sea lice effectively. This study highlights the potential of KM as part of a functional nutrition strategy to enhance skin mucosal health and mitigate sea lice challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Physiology of Marine Fish)
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