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Energy Efficiency in Marine Vehicles
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Energy Efficiency in Marine Vehicles

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2023) | Viewed by 10748

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Timothy F. Miller

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering Faculty, Saint Francis University, Loretto, PA, USA
Interests: undersea power and energy; energy harvesting; novel energy conversion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current importance of autonomous marine vehicles (surface or undersea) cannot be understated. Whether for science or exploration, surveillance or active defense, or the growing blue economy, these vehicles’ relevance is growing at an exponential rate. However, energy still limits their widespread use. The range and endurance of sea-surface and undersea vehicles are dictated by the amount and type of energy that these vehicles can store and exploit. Hence, this Special Issue, “Energy Efficiency in Marine Vehicles”, aims to present technical articles concerning this issue. Energy efficiency can be enhanced using several strategies and technologies, including novel energy conversion systems, alternative energy storage (fuel types, oxidizer types, electro-chemistries), innovative energy harvesting/scavenging or drag reduction methods, clever employment of optimized operation strategies, and the use of more efficient vehicle tools, communications, or autonomy algorithms. Articles describing or developing other methods for enhancing energy efficiency are also welcome. All submissions should include a robust discussion about the advantage of the specific novel energy efficiency strategy/system/component advocated relative to the status quo. Direct comparisons, whether theoretical or measured, are especially welcome.

Dr. Timothy F. Miller
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine vehicles
  • power
  • energy
  • efficiency

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4400 KiB  
Article
Speed and Fuel Ratio Optimization for a Dual-Fuel Ship to Minimize Its Carbon Emissions and Cost
by You-Chen Shih, Yu-An Tzeng, Chih-Wen Cheng and Chien-Hua Huang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040758 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3098
Abstract
In this study, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used to minimize the cost and carbon emissions of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) dual-fuel ship for a given route. This study considered the regulations of emission control areas (ECA) and the European [...] Read more.
In this study, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used to minimize the cost and carbon emissions of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) dual-fuel ship for a given route. This study considered the regulations of emission control areas (ECA) and the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) to determine the optimal speed and LNG/oil ratio for the ship. NSGA-II used the arrival time at each port and the LNG usage ratio for each voyage leg as its genes. The time window for arrival, the fuel cost, and potential EU carbon emission regulations were used to estimate the cost of the considered voyage. Moreover, fuel consumption was determined using historical data that were divided by period, machinery, and voyage leg. The results indicated that the optimal speed and fuel ratio could be determined under any given fuel and carbon price profile by using NSGA-II. Finally, the effects of regulations and carbon price differences on the optimal speed and fuel ratio were investigated. The cost minimization solution was susceptible to being affected by the regulations of ECAs and the EU ETS. The speed profile of the cost minimization solution was found to have a tendency to travel at faster-than-average speeds outside ECAs and non-EU regions, and travel slower in ECAs and EU regions. Meanwhile, the selection of fuel type showed that 100% traditional fuel oil in all regions, but with sufficiently high EU carbon permit cost, tends to use 100% LNG in EU regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Efficiency in Marine Vehicles)
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18 pages, 1685 KiB  
Article
Optimal Scheduling of an Electric Propulsion Tugboat Considering Various Operating Conditions and Navigation Uncertainties
by Jingjie Gao, Hai Lan, Peng Cheng, Ying-Yi Hong and He Yin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1973; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121973 - 11 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1882
Abstract
The operating conditions of all-electric tugboats are flexible and changeable. They are more complicated than conventional vessels in terms of joint voyages and power generation scheduling. To guarantee the reliable operation of the ship, a new coordinated optimization scheme that combines economy and [...] Read more.
The operating conditions of all-electric tugboats are flexible and changeable. They are more complicated than conventional vessels in terms of joint voyages and power generation scheduling. To guarantee the reliable operation of the ship, a new coordinated optimization scheme that combines economy and operational reliability is proposed. It is based on the various operating conditions of the tugboat during its voyage, taking into account the random outages of equipment and load fluctuations due to speed and wave uncertainties. Due to the difficulty of implementing a stochastic sampling method with space-time coupling constraints (e.g., the voyage is related to propulsion load), an analytical approach is needed to transform the model into a readily solvable mixed-integer linear program (MINP) which attributes risk scenarios to load fluctuations under various conditional probabilities. In addition, this paper proposes an improved piecewise linearization method based on a differential evolutionary algorithm to speed up the solution process and improve computational accuracy. Meanwhile, the energy storage loss cost due to battery degradation is added to the optimization target. The battery’s cycle life is extended by rational scheduling of charging and discharging. Simulations validate this paper’s joint scheduling optimization scheme in multiple comparison experiments. The results show that it can effectively balance the economic and reliability levels under various risk scenarios and improve the environmental energy efficiency indicators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Efficiency in Marine Vehicles)
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21 pages, 11760 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Interaction between Ocean Current Power Generator and Unmanned Underwater Vehicle
by Shenggui Wang, Jiyuan Sun, Bowen Zhao, Yingying Yun and Bin Huang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1869; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121869 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1754
Abstract
The unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) can effectively utilize marine renewable energy after equipping the UUV with an accompanying power generator that improve its long-range endurance. In order to study the interaction between the UUV and the ocean current power generator, a coupled hydrodynamic [...] Read more.
The unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) can effectively utilize marine renewable energy after equipping the UUV with an accompanying power generator that improve its long-range endurance. In order to study the interaction between the UUV and the ocean current power generator, a coupled hydrodynamic model of the counter-rotating type turbine and the UUV hull was established. Based on the RANS model and the sliding grid method, this paper analyzed the influence of the ocean current power generator on the straight-ahead resistance and hydrodynamic coefficient of the UUV in the non-working state, and calculated the UUV yaw moment and its surrounding flow field characteristics with the power generator in the working state. Then, the effect of the drift angle on the performance of the counter-rotating type turbine was explored. The results show that the straight-ahead resistance of the UUV increased slightly after equipping the power generator, but the increase was within 14%, and the characteristics of the surrounding flow field of the UUV did not changed greatly. The difference in the linear hydrodynamic coefficients before and after equipping the UUV with the power generator was within 7%. At most drift angles, when the generator was in the working state, the yaw moment of the hull was greater than the condition when the generator was not equipped. Nevertheless, the overall trend of the two sides was similar, so the rotation of the counter-rotating type turbine did not reduce the stability of the hull in the moored state. In addition, when the drift angle was greater than 50°, the UUV hull had a great impact on the performance of the counter-rotating type turbine; the power coefficient CP and thrust coefficient CT increased by about 35.7% and 17.8%, respectively. This paper provides a good reference value for the design of the power generation mode of the UUV equipped with a counter-rotating type turbine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Efficiency in Marine Vehicles)
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15 pages, 10694 KiB  
Article
Arrhenius Equation-Based Model to Predict Lithium-Ions Batteries’ Performance
by Liteng Zeng, Yuli Hu, Chengyi Lu, Guang Pan and Mengjie Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101553 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3470
Abstract
The accuracy of Peukert’s battery capacity equation may decrease under the conditions of variable current and variable temperatures. Some researchers have previously tried to overcome the lack of C-rate change. However, the dependence of battery capacity on temperature is still not included. In [...] Read more.
The accuracy of Peukert’s battery capacity equation may decrease under the conditions of variable current and variable temperatures. Some researchers have previously tried to overcome the lack of C-rate change. However, the dependence of battery capacity on temperature is still not included. In this paper, we mainly studied the capacity reduction effect of batteries under variable temperatures. The proposed method can calculate the battery’s available capacity according to the specific discharge conditions. The experimental method proposed in this paper provides a reasonable test method to generate the required coefficients in order to establish a state of charge prediction model with high accuracy. After establishing the method, we can make a real-time prediction of the available energy of battery including the remaining energy of battery. From the result, we can see that the result is of great precision and the method is valuable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Efficiency in Marine Vehicles)
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