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Failure Analysis of Marine Structure
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Failure Analysis of Marine Structure

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 41262

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Transport, Academy of Engineering, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
2. Director of Mechanical Characteristics Lab., Center for Laboratory Services, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Interests: stress analysis; structural fatigue; fatigue and fracture; residual stress; shot peening process; resistance spot weld; random loading; vibration; optimization; vehicle; road roughness; composite material; manufacturing process
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mahmoud Chizari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Interests: mechanical engineering; sustainable energy; structural integrity; design and manufacturing process; composite structures; experimental/computer simulations of solid/fluid materials; bioengineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine structures are engineering facilities which are carefully designed, constructed, and installed in seaside zones/oceans for the exploitation of different marine resources. In general, these structures have three categories: fixed, mobile, and floating offshore platforms. However, they can be divided into different groups based on their application, material, and supporting system. These structures are generally impractical when it comes to design, considering all types of loads. Moreover, predicting the response of the marine structures due to wind direction, size of the wind, etc. is complex. Therefore, the specialist employs some random variables to design the marine structures for describing the loads, dimensions, structural properties, etc. Other than that, the marine structures are additionally subjected to berthing loads and operational loads. Hence, the correct analysis of these structures is very important. Failures of marine structures and their accessories can lead to serious consequences, including financial losses, delay in delivery time, and a threat to the safety of the people. Therefore, one of the significant design requirements for any marine structure is to have a reasonably long and safe operational life cycle without any catastrophic failure. In other words, the maintenance of marine systems is important during its efficiency period, and most research has been performed to optimize issues or to increase the efficiency of marine systems. Nevertheless, failures still happen, causing financial losses and threatening human lives, particularly in modern structures with weight reduction, but expanded the capacity of load carrying. The engineering practice recognizes typically one or few reasons for the failure of such structures: excessive force and/or temperature-induced elastic deformation, yielding, fatigue, corrosion, creep, etc. As a result, it is essential to identify potential threats in the first step that can affect the integrity of marine structures.

This Special Issue on “Failure Analysis of Marine Structures” focuses on advancing knowledge specifically for marine structures which are made of steel, concrete, composite, or new materials. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Static and dynamic structural responses including collapse behavior;
  • Impact and collision mechanics;
  • Fatigue and fracture, creep detection;
  • Material selection, corrosion, and structural degradation;
  • Formulation and application of design methods and criteria including system reliability analysis, and optimization techniques;
  • Inspection, condition and structural health monitoring, repair/replacement and maintenance;
  • Methodology and practices for marine structure lifetime extension;
  • Resilient design of marine systems;
  • Application of machine learning methods and data-driven models for strength and/or load/response predictions of marine structures.

Dr. Mahmoud Chizari
Dr. K. Reza Kashyzadeh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Marine structures
  • Failure analysis
  • Fatigue
  • Corrosion
  • Different types of offshore platforms (fixed, mobile, and floating)
  • Offshore and subsea pipelines, cladding, risers
  • Subsea systems
  • Offshore structures
  • Offshore energy harvesting systems
  • Wind turbines
  • Wave energy converters
  • Underwater vehicles for shallow and deep ocean operations
  • Inspection and maintenance related to marine structures
  • Floating bridges
  • Submerged floating tunnels

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 164 KiB  
Editorial
Failure Analysis of Marine Structure
by Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh and Mahmoud Chizari
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(8), 1526; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081526 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1018
Abstract
Welcome to the world of marine structures, as this fascinating compilation of cutting-edge research unfolds before your eyes [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

23 pages, 5519 KiB  
Article
Mechanical and Morphological Characterizations of Laminated Object Manufactured 3D Printed Biodegradable Poly(lactic)acid with Various Physical Configurations
by Sudhir Kumar, Inderjeet Singh, Dinesh Kumar, Mohd Yazid Yahya and Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121954 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
Mechanical behavior of 3D-printed poly(lactic) acid material is an open topic for research on the reliability assessment of structures in marine and offshore industries. This article presents the mechanical and morphological properties of poly(lactic) acid specimens using the laminated object manufacturing technique. The [...] Read more.
Mechanical behavior of 3D-printed poly(lactic) acid material is an open topic for research on the reliability assessment of structures in marine and offshore industries. This article presents the mechanical and morphological properties of poly(lactic) acid specimens using the laminated object manufacturing technique. The effect was experimentally investigated on 3D-printed discs joined together to make a laminated test specimen. The specimen was prepared and tested under different infill patterns, viz. linear, triangular, and honeycomb structure, 50–90% infill density, and under varying disc thickness ranging from 3.4–5.6 mm. The maximum compressive strength of 42.47 MPa was attained for the laminated specimen with 70% infill, honeycomb pattern, and disc thickness of 3.4 mm (six discs), whereas the linear infill pattern has shown the least compressive performance of 22.40 MPa. The result of the study suggested that the honeycomb infill pattern with 90% infill density and six discs provides the optimum set of parameters for the 3D printing of PLA samples for maximization of compressive strength, especially for laminated object manufactured specimens. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal analysis (OA) suggested a significant influence on the infill pattern and the number of discs, contributing 51.60% and 48.29%, respectively, towards the compressive strength. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and toolmaker microscopic images have supported the observed experimental mechanical results for the laminated object manufactured specimens. The used technique of laminated object-manufactured components in the current study may have effective usage in marine and structural engineering fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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17 pages, 3678 KiB  
Article
Dumbbell-Shaped Damage Effect of Closed Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Far-Field Side-On Underwater Explosion Shock Wave
by Yuhao Wang, Hongxiao Dong, Tong Dong and Xiangyun Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1874; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121874 - 3 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2331
Abstract
In naval warfare, underwater explosion (UNDEX) shock waves significantly influence the stability and safety of the pressure hull structure of the equipment. This study investigated the unique dynamic buckling of a closed cylindrical shell subjected to a far-field side-on UNDEX shock wave using [...] Read more.
In naval warfare, underwater explosion (UNDEX) shock waves significantly influence the stability and safety of the pressure hull structure of the equipment. This study investigated the unique dynamic buckling of a closed cylindrical shell subjected to a far-field side-on UNDEX shock wave using a three-dimensional numerical simulation based on acoustic–structural arithmetic. In particular, the flow-field response characteristics, plastic deformation, and yield characteristics of the cylindrical shell were determined under the influence of the UNDEX shock wave. Subsequently, the failure mode of the cylindrical shell was analyzed to propose the dumbbell-shaped damage effect. The results revealed that when the UNDEX shock wave encounters a finite cylindrical shell, the fluid exhibits a perturbation such as pressure division, stress wave deflection, and flow in the surroundings of the circular cylinder. However, the fluid cannot produce a sizeable instantaneous displacement that yields certain strong constraints at both ends of the cylindrical shell. These constraints generate an irregular distribution of the flow field pressure, and the cylindrical shell tends to exhibit an “arch” deformation along the direction of shock wave propagation. Owing to the flow surrounding the circular cylinder, a negative pressure zone is generated in the flow field at both ends of the cylindrical shell, which induces a “sucking disc” shape at both ends of the cylindrical shell and ultimately produces a dumbbell-shaped damage effect. The present findings will aid in the structural design and impact resistance of submarines, unmanned undersea vehicles, and additional equipment under the impact load of the UNDEX. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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21 pages, 6212 KiB  
Article
Application of Probabilistic Approach to Investigate Influence of Details in Time History of Temperature Changes on the HCF Life of Integrated Bridge Steel Piles Installed on Water
by Hamid Abdollahnia, Mohammad Hadi Alizadeh Elizei and Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121802 - 22 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
This research estimates the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) life of integrated concrete bridge installed on water due to temperature changes. To this end, CATIA software was used to geometrically model of a real-scale bridge. Next, thermal–structural coupling analysis was performed by finite element (FE) [...] Read more.
This research estimates the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) life of integrated concrete bridge installed on water due to temperature changes. To this end, CATIA software was used to geometrically model of a real-scale bridge. Next, thermal–structural coupling analysis was performed by finite element (FE) simulation in ANSYS WORKBENCH software. The comparison technique with experimental data was used to validate the simulation. Afterward, thermal analysis was performed due to air temperature changes in different modes, including the average monthly temperature changes (large variations) as well as the maximum and minimum monthly temperature changes (small variations). The results showed that the most changes in deck length and subsequent maximum deviation in the upper part of steel piles were related to the three warm seasons in the presence of the water. Eventually, a probabilistic approach was employed to find variable amplitude fatigue lifetime of the component based on the number of annual loading blocks. To achieve the high-accuracy response, the effective parameters of the proposed probabilistic approach, including order of Fourier series and the stress range, were optimized automatically. In addition, to obtain HCF behavior of raw material, axial tension–compression fatigue tests were performed on the standard specimens fabricated from steel piles. The results revealed that considering small variations in the calculation of structural fatigue life led to a 550% reduction in life compared to structural analysis due to large variations. In addition, the obtained results were compared with the finite element results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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12 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
Structural Prediction Analysis of Cross-Sea Cable-Stayed Bridges during Operation Based on Existing Traffic Volumes
by Song Xin, Ziyi Wang, Huifeng Su, Liuhong Shang, Kun Meng, Xiang Wang, Zhiyong Zhou, Zhongxiao Zhao and Pengfei Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1758; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111758 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1552
Abstract
In order to study the safety state of the structure of a cross-sea cable-stayed bridge during its operation period, this paper proposes a combined long-term traffic prediction model based on the XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model and LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model [...] Read more.
In order to study the safety state of the structure of a cross-sea cable-stayed bridge during its operation period, this paper proposes a combined long-term traffic prediction model based on the XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model and LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model in the context of a cross-sea cable-stayed bridge in Qingdao. XGBoost is an optimized distributed gradient enhancement library. LSTM is a neural network for processing long sequence data. The LSTM model and the XGBoost model were first built separately, and then a genetic algorithm was used to select the optimal weight parameters to combine the two models for prediction. Based on the traffic prediction results of the combined LSTM-XGBoost model, a finite element model was established using numerical analysis. The effect of different traffic volumes on the deflection and stresses in the span of the main beam and the stresses in the diagonal cables was analyzed using the time course analysis method. From the point of view of structural safety, the maximum of future traffic limits and more reasonable average traffic speeds are given to provide a basis for the later management of the bridge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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13 pages, 1598 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Process Parameters in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum 5451 in Marine Applications
by Shoaib Ahmed, Rana Atta ur Rahman, Awais Awan, Sajjad Ahmad, Waseem Akram, Muhammad Amjad, Mohd Yazid Yahya and Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1539; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101539 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3374
Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the primary fabrication techniques for joining different components, and it has become popular, especially in aluminum alloy structures for marine applications. The welded joint with the friction stir process greatly depends on the process parameters, i.e., [...] Read more.
Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the primary fabrication techniques for joining different components, and it has become popular, especially in aluminum alloy structures for marine applications. The welded joint with the friction stir process greatly depends on the process parameters, i.e., feed rate, rotational speed, and pin profile of the tool. In the current study, plates of aluminum 5451 alloy were joined by the FSW technique, and the Taguchi method was used to find the process parameters at an optimal level. The maximum value of tensile strength, i.e., 160.6907 MPa, was achieved using optimum welding conditions of a tool rotation speed of 1400, a feed rate of 18 mm/min, and the tool pin with threads. The maximum value of hardness, i.e., 81.056 HV, was achieved using optimum conditions of 1200 tool rotational speed and a feed rate of 18 mm/min with a tool pin profile having threads. In addition, the contribution in terms of the percentage of each input parameter was found by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results revealed that the pin profile of the tool has the maximum contribution of 67.77% and 62.42% in achieving the optimum value of tensile strength and hardness, respectively. The study also investigated the joint efficiency of the friction stir welded joint, hardness at the weld zone, and metallography on FSW samples at the optimized level. The effectiveness and reliability of FSW joints for shipping industry applications can be observed by joint efficiency. That was investigated at optimum conditions, and it comes out to be 80.5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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23 pages, 8800 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Vehicle Entering Water at High Speed
by Zhenpeng Liu, Yao Shi, Guang Pan and Hairui Zhao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1387; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101387 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1787
Abstract
Aiming at a design for buffering and load reduction configuration for a large-scale (diameter greater than 500 mm) vehicle entering water at high speed (greater than 100 m/s), a numerical model for a vehicle entering water at high speed was employed based on [...] Read more.
Aiming at a design for buffering and load reduction configuration for a large-scale (diameter greater than 500 mm) vehicle entering water at high speed (greater than 100 m/s), a numerical model for a vehicle entering water at high speed was employed based on an arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) algorithm. Combined with modal analysis and shock response spectrum, the influence of the head cap on the dynamic characteristics of the structure was analyzed. The results showed that the peak value and pulse width of the impact load on the vehicle increased with the increase in the speed of water entry. The existence of the head cap increased the complexity of the forces on the vehicle during the process of water entry. The initial formation of the cavity was greatly affected by the head cap. The head cap and the vehicle separated in the later stage of the water entry. During the process of water entry, the shell of the vehicle was mainly compressed and bent and the head cap reduced the deformation. The relevant conclusions of this paper can provide some input for the design of a new buffering structure and vehicle shell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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14 pages, 3667 KiB  
Article
Cavitation–Silt Erosion Behavior and Failure Mechanism of an HVOF-Sprayed WC-Cr3C2-Ni Coating for Offshore Hydraulic Machinery
by Jinran Lin, Sheng Hong, Yuan Zheng, Wei Sun, Zhengwei Zhang, Min Kang and Xiuqing Fu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1341; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101341 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1746
Abstract
WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings are a vital class of hard ceramic/cermet coatings with potential applications as wear-resistant materials. However, their erosion wear behavior in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride medium (SCM) remains largely unexplored. The present study investigated the cavitation–silt erosion (CSE) [...] Read more.
WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings are a vital class of hard ceramic/cermet coatings with potential applications as wear-resistant materials. However, their erosion wear behavior in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride medium (SCM) remains largely unexplored. The present study investigated the cavitation–silt erosion (CSE) behavior in 3.5 wt.% SCM of WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings sprayed with high-velocity oxygen–fuel (HVOF) under different flow velocities (FVs) and sand concentrations (SCs). Comparing the WC-Cr3C2-Ni coating with the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, the first possessed superior CSE resistance in 3.5 wt.% SCM in a full range of FV and SC. Meanwhile, the coating appeared more influenced by FV and less influenced by SC, which was indicated by the fact that the amplification of VLR value (377.1%) when the FV ranged from 23.4 to 41.9 m·s−1 was larger than that (129.8%) when the SC increased from 10 kg·m−3 to 35 kg·m−3. With increasing FV and SC, the CSE process of the WC-Cr3C2-Ni coating in 3.5 wt.% SCM mainly included the discontinuous corrosion product films, erosion pits, fracturing of hard-phase grains, and micro-cutting of soft binder matrix, as well as crater formation and coating spalling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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22 pages, 53003 KiB  
Article
Modified Method for Determination of Wear Coefficient of Reciprocating Sliding Wear and Experimental Comparative Study
by Tongmu Liu, Jianxing Yu, Huakun Wang, Yang Yu, Haoda Li and Baocheng Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081014 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3392
Abstract
A modified method for predicting the wear coefficient of reciprocating sliding wear was proposed in this study, which is less time-consuming. Based on this method, reciprocating sliding wear tests of three chain alloys (CM490, SS316, and TC4) under different loadings were conducted and [...] Read more.
A modified method for predicting the wear coefficient of reciprocating sliding wear was proposed in this study, which is less time-consuming. Based on this method, reciprocating sliding wear tests of three chain alloys (CM490, SS316, and TC4) under different loadings were conducted and the friction coefficient, wear coefficient, and wear morphology were obtained and compared. The results indicated that the time-variant coefficient of friction (CoF) could be used as an indicator for the stable wear state; moreover, it also changes periodically with the wear direction. Statistical analysis of friction coefficient indicated that it follows bimodal distribution or multimodal distribution. The friction and wear behaviors of CM490 and SS316 were different from those of TC4, and a detailed micro-morphological analysis indicated that the discrepancy is caused by the difference in the quantity and size of the wear debris. Furthermore, an upper limit of the contact stress-dependent wear coefficient was also observed, and the variability of the wear coefficient was also analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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19 pages, 5012 KiB  
Article
Empirical Failure Pressure Prediction Equations for Pipelines with Longitudinal Interacting Corrosion Defects Based on Artificial Neural Network
by Suria Devi Vijaya Kumar, Michael Lo, Saravanan Karuppanan and Mark Ovinis
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(6), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060764 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2003
Abstract
Conventional pipeline failure pressure assessment codes do not allow for failure pressure prediction of interacting defects subjected to combined loadings. Alternatively, numerical approaches may be used; however, they are computationally expensive. In this work, an analytical equation based on finite element analysis for [...] Read more.
Conventional pipeline failure pressure assessment codes do not allow for failure pressure prediction of interacting defects subjected to combined loadings. Alternatively, numerical approaches may be used; however, they are computationally expensive. In this work, an analytical equation based on finite element analysis for the failure pressure prediction of API 5L X52, X65, and X80 corroded pipes with a longitudinal interacting corrosion defect subjected to combined loadings is proposed. An artificial neural network (ANN) trained with failure pressure obtained from finite element analysis (FEA) of API 5L X52, X65, and X80 pipes for varied defect spacings, depths and lengths, and axial compressive stress were used to develop the equation. Subsequently, a parametric study on the effects of the defect spacing, length, and depth, and axial compressive stress on the failure pressure of a corroded pipe with longitudinal interacting defects was performed to demonstrate a correlation between defect geometries and failure pressure of API 5L X52, X65, and X80 pipes, using the equation. The new equation predicted failure pressures for these pipe grades with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9930 and an error range of −10.00% to 1.22% for normalized defect spacings of 0.00 to 3.00, normalized effective defect lengths of 0.00 to 2.95, normalized effective defect depths of 0.00 to 0.80, and normalized axial compressive stress of 0.00 to 0.80. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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24 pages, 4736 KiB  
Article
ANN- and FEA-Based Assessment Equation for a Corroded Pipeline with a Single Corrosion Defect
by Michael Lo, Saravanan Karuppanan and Mark Ovinis
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040476 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2686
Abstract
Most of the standards available for the assessment of the failure pressure of corroded pipelines are limited in their ability to assess complex loadings, and their estimations are conservative. To overcome this research gap, this study employed an artificial neural network (ANN) model [...] Read more.
Most of the standards available for the assessment of the failure pressure of corroded pipelines are limited in their ability to assess complex loadings, and their estimations are conservative. To overcome this research gap, this study employed an artificial neural network (ANN) model trained with data obtained using the finite element method (FEM) to develop an assessment equation to predict the failure pressure of a corroded pipeline with a single corrosion defect. A finite element analysis (FEA) of medium-toughness pipelines (API 5L X65) subjected to combined loads of internal pressure and longitudinal compressive stress was carried out. The results from the FEA with various corrosion geometric parameters and loads were used as the training dataset for the ANN. After the ANN was trained, its performance was evaluated, and its weights and biases were obtained for the development of a corrosion assessment equation. The prediction from the newly developed equation has a good correlation value, R2 of 0.9998, with percentage errors ranging from −1.16% to 1.78%, when compared with the FEA results. When compared with the failure pressure estimates based on the Det Norske Veritas (DNV-RP-F101) guidelines, the standard was more conservative in its prediction than the assessment equation developed in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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12 pages, 4447 KiB  
Article
Application of Deep Neural Network to Predict the High-Cycle Fatigue Life of AISI 1045 Steel Coated by Industrial Coatings
by Erfan Maleki, Okan Unal, Seyed Mahmoud Seyedi Sahebari, Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh and Igor Danilov
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020128 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3678
Abstract
In this study, deep learning approach was utilized for fatigue behavior prediction, analysis, and optimization of the coated AISI 1045 mild carbon steel with galvanization, hardened chromium, and nickel materials with different thicknesses of 13 and 19 µm were used for coatings and [...] Read more.
In this study, deep learning approach was utilized for fatigue behavior prediction, analysis, and optimization of the coated AISI 1045 mild carbon steel with galvanization, hardened chromium, and nickel materials with different thicknesses of 13 and 19 µm were used for coatings and afterward fatigue behavior of related specimens were achieved via rotating bending fatigue test. Experimental results revealed fatigue life improvement up to 60% after applying galvanization coat on untreated material. Obtained experimental data were used for developing a Deep Neural Network (DNN) modelling and accuracy of more than 99%.was achieved. Predicted results have a fine agreement with experiments. In addition, parametric analysis was carried out for optimization which indicated that coating thickness of 10–15 µm had the highest effects on fatigue life improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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18 pages, 6955 KiB  
Article
Multiaxial Fatigue Life Assessment of Integral Concrete Bridge with a Real-Scale and Complicated Geometry Due to the Simultaneous Effects of Temperature Variations and Sea Waves Clash
by Hamid Abdollahnia, Mohammad Hadi Alizadeh Elizei and Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(12), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121433 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2915
Abstract
In the present study, the authors attempted to predict the fatigue lifetime of a real-scale integral concrete bridge with H-shaped steel piles resulting from working and environmental conditions. In this regard, various types of nonproportional variable amplitude loads were applied on the bridge, [...] Read more.
In the present study, the authors attempted to predict the fatigue lifetime of a real-scale integral concrete bridge with H-shaped steel piles resulting from working and environmental conditions. In this regard, various types of nonproportional variable amplitude loads were applied on the bridge, such as temperature variations and sea waves clash. To this end, CATIA software was used to model the real-scale bridge with its accessories, such as a concrete deck, concrete anchors (walls), I-shaped concrete beams (Ribs), and steel piles. Subsequently, stress analysis was performed to determine the critical area apt to fail. The results showed that steel piles are the most critical bridge components. As a result, in future analysis, the purpose will be to study this critical area, and the effect of relative humidity on the fatigue properties of concrete was ignored. Subsequently, the time history of stress tensor components in the critical area was obtained by performing transient dynamic analysis. Various well-known equivalent stress fatigue theories (von Mises, Findley, Dang Van, McDiarmid, Carpinteri–Spagnoli, Modified Findley, Modified McDiarmid, and Liu–Zenner) were utilized to calculate the equivalent stress caused by the simultaneous effect of temperature variations and sea waves clash. Eventually, the fatigue life of the structure was predicted by employing the rainflow counting algorithm and the Palmgren–Miner damage accumulation rule. The results indicated a reduction in the multiaxial fatigue life of the structure under the simultaneous effects of two phenomena, the daily temperature variations and the sea waves clash, of approximately 87% and 66%, respectively, compared with the fatigue life of the structure under either the effect of temperature changes or the effect of sea waves clash, separately. Therefore, it was necessary to consider all the cyclic loads in the structural design step to estimate the fatigue life of the structure. Moreover, the findings of this case study revealed that the lowest value of multiaxial fatigue lifetime is related to the application of the Liu-Zenner criterion. In other words, this criterion is more conservative than the other used criteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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17 pages, 6381 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Damage Evaluation of Compressor Blade Based on Nonlinear Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing
by Pengfei Wang, Weiqiang Wang, Sanlong Zheng, Bingbing Chen and Zengliang Gao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(12), 1358; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121358 - 1 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
Nonlinear ultrasonic testing is highly sensitive to micro-defects and can be used to detect hidden damage and defects inside materials. At present, most tests are carried out on specimens, and there are few nonlinear ultrasonic tests for fatigue damage of compressor blades. A [...] Read more.
Nonlinear ultrasonic testing is highly sensitive to micro-defects and can be used to detect hidden damage and defects inside materials. At present, most tests are carried out on specimens, and there are few nonlinear ultrasonic tests for fatigue damage of compressor blades. A vibration fatigue test was carried out on compressor blade steel KMN, and blade specimens with different damage degrees were obtained. Then, the nonlinear coefficients of blade specimens were obtained by nonlinear ultrasonic testing. The results showed that the nonlinear coefficient increased with the increase in the number of fatigue cycles in the early stage of fatigue, and then the nonlinear coefficient decreased. The microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was proven that the nonlinear ultrasonic testing can be used for the detection of micro-cracks in the early stage of fatigue. Through the statistical analysis of the size of the micro-cracks inside the material, the empirical formula of the nonlinear coefficient β and the equivalent crack size were obtained. Combined with the β–S–N three-dimensional model, an evaluation method based on the nonlinear ultrasonic testing for the early fatigue damage of the blade was proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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Review

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20 pages, 5413 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review on Design, Monitoring, and Failure in Fixed Offshore Platforms
by Nima Amiri, Mohammad Shaterabadi, Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh and Mahmoud Chizari
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(12), 1349; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121349 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 6489
Abstract
Offshore platforms have had diverse applications in the marine industry, for example, oil or gas platforms can provide facilities to store the oil and gas before transport those to refineries. Offshore wind turbines are another well-known use of the offshore platform for generating [...] Read more.
Offshore platforms have had diverse applications in the marine industry, for example, oil or gas platforms can provide facilities to store the oil and gas before transport those to refineries. Offshore wind turbines are another well-known use of the offshore platform for generating power. As platforms encounter various strong forces from water and wind currents, the materials used for these structures are mainly steel or concrete. These platforms are classified into different types, according to the depth of water and their applications. In addition, offshore platforms, as artificial reefs may be used for decades at different marine conditions. Consequently, their design and maintenance are very important, otherwise, they can cause irreparable damage to the environment. This paper presents the latest and most significant design and monitoring methods, such as the optimal probabilistic seismic demand model, multi-objective optimization, dynamic response assessment, robust fault-tolerant control, etc., under different environmental and geographical conditions. Moreover, the effective factors on the life and failure of these offshore structures are comprehensively introduced to enhance awareness of them, which can be very helpful to improve the design and construction of more reliable and durable structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure)
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