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Ship Lifecycle
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Ship Lifecycle

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2019) | Viewed by 39180

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peilin Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: marine propulsion system design and efficiency improvement; engine combustion and simulation; combined cycle; marine engines’ NOx, SOx and CO2 emission control; ship ballast water treatment; fuel cells marine application; biodiesel application; life cycle analysis on water-borne transport and shipyard green technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Byongug Jeong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: maritime safety; risk assessment; fire/explosion; lifecycle assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With growing concerns regarding marine pollution, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recently adopted a new resolution, MEPC.304 (72), presenting a strategy for curbing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from ships. Along with this, a series of stringent regulations to limit nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx) from shipping activities have been produced at both international and local levels. Such ambitious regulatory works have led us to believe that cleaner production and shipping is one of the most urgent issues in the marine industry.

In order to contribute to global efforts by addressing the marine pollution from various emission types, this Special Issue of the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering aims to provide proper insight for naval architects, marine engineers, shipyards, and ship-owners as they strive to find optimal ways to survive in competitive markets by improving cycle time and the capacity to reduce design, production, and operation costs while pursuing zero emissions.

In this context, this Special Issue is devoted to inviting the latest research and technical developments on ship production, operation, maintenance and even commission on various aspects, such as economy, environment and safety. The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together researchers from various maritime application fields into a common forum, to share cutting-edge research on ship lifecycles. It is strongly believed that such a joint effort will contribute to enhancing the sustainability of marine and maritime activities.

Prof. Peilin Zhou
Dr. Byongug Jeong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Life cycle assessment (LCA)
  • Maritime environment
  • Sustainable production and shipping
  • Multi-criteria decision making (MCDA)
  • CO2 emission
  • NOx emission
  • SOx emission

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 155 KiB  
Editorial
Ship Lifecycle
by Peilin Zhou and Byongug Jeong
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(4), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040262 - 7 Apr 2020
Viewed by 2308
Abstract
With growing concerns of marine pollution, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recently adopted a new Resolution MEPC [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Lifecycle)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

26 pages, 4235 KiB  
Article
Comparison and Verification of Reliability Assessment Techniques for Fuel Cell-Based Hybrid Power System for Ships
by Hyeonmin Jeon, Kido Park and Jongsu Kim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(2), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020074 - 24 Jan 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4947
Abstract
In order to secure the safe operation of the ship, it is crucial to closely examine the suitability from the design stage of the ship, and to set up a preliminary review and countermeasures for failures and defects that may occur during the [...] Read more.
In order to secure the safe operation of the ship, it is crucial to closely examine the suitability from the design stage of the ship, and to set up a preliminary review and countermeasures for failures and defects that may occur during the construction process. In shipyards, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) evaluation method using risk priority number (RPN) is used in the shipbuilding process. In the case of the conventional RPN method, evaluation items and criteria are ambiguous, and subjective factors such as evaluator’s experience and understanding of the system operate a lot on the same contents, resulting in differences in evaluation results. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the safety and reliability for ship application of the reliability-enhanced fuel cell-based hybrid power system by applying the re-established FMEA technique. Experts formed an FMEA team to redefine reliable assessment criteria for the RPN assessment factors severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D). Analyze potential failures of each function of the molten-carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) system, battery system, and diesel engine components of the fuel cell-based hybrid power system set as evaluation targets to redefine the evaluation criteria, and the evaluation criteria were derived by identifying the effects of potential failures. In order to confirm the reliability of the derived criteria, the reliability of individual evaluation items was verified by using the significance probability used in statistics and the coincidence coefficient of Kendall. The evaluation was conducted to the external evaluators using the reestablished evaluation criteria. As a result of analyzing the correspondence according to the results of the evaluation items, the severity was 0.906, the incidence 0.844, and the detection degree 0.861. Improved agreement was obtained, which is a significant result to confirm the reliability of the reestablished evaluation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Lifecycle)
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25 pages, 7173 KiB  
Article
Life Cycle Assessment of LNG Fueled Vessel in Domestic Services
by Sangsoo Hwang, Byongug Jeong, Kwanghyo Jung, Mingyu Kim and Peilin Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(10), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100359 - 10 Oct 2019
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 8497
Abstract
This research was focused on a comparative analysis of using LNG as a marine fuel with a conventional marine gas oil (MGO) from an environmental point of view. A case study was performed using a 50K bulk carrier engaged in domestic services in [...] Read more.
This research was focused on a comparative analysis of using LNG as a marine fuel with a conventional marine gas oil (MGO) from an environmental point of view. A case study was performed using a 50K bulk carrier engaged in domestic services in South Korea. Considering the energy exporting market for South Korea, the fuel supply chain was designed with the two largest suppliers: Middle East (LNG-Qatar/MGO-Saudi Arabia) and U.S. The life cycle of each fuel type was categorized into three stages: Well-to-Tank (WtT), Tank-to-Wake (TtW), and Well-to-Wake (WtW). With the process modelling, the environmental impact of each stage was analyzed based on the five environmental impact categorizes: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Photochemical Potential (POCP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Particulate Matter (PM). Analysis results reveal that emission levels for the LNG cases are significantly lower than the MGO cases in all potential impact categories. Particularly, Case 1 (LNG import to Korea from Qatar) is identified as the best option as producing the lowest emission levels per 1.0 × 107 MJ of fuel consumption: 977 tonnages of CO2 equivalent (for GWP), 1.76 tonnages of SO2 equivalent (for AP), 1.18 tonnages of N equivalent (for EP), 4.28 tonnages of NMVOC equivalent (for POCP) and 26 kg of PM 2.5 equivalent (for PM). On the other hand, the results also point out that the selection of the fuel supply routes could be an important factor contributing to emission levels since longer distances for freight transportation result in more emissions. It is worth noting that the life cycle assessment can offer us better understanding of holistic emission levels contributed by marine fuels from the cradle to the grave, which are highly believed to remedy the shortcomings of current marine emission indicators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Lifecycle)
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20 pages, 3134 KiB  
Article
Life Cycle Performance Assessment Tool Development and Application with a Focus on Maintenance Aspects
by Paola Gualeni, Giordano Flore, Matteo Maggioncalda and Giorgia Marsano
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(8), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080280 - 19 Aug 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3922
Abstract
Ships are among the most complex systems in the world. The always increasing interest in environmental aspects, the evolution of technologies and the introduction of new rule constraints in the maritime field have compelled the innovation of the ship design approach. At an [...] Read more.
Ships are among the most complex systems in the world. The always increasing interest in environmental aspects, the evolution of technologies and the introduction of new rule constraints in the maritime field have compelled the innovation of the ship design approach. At an early design stage, there is the need to compare different design solutions, also in terms of environmental performance, building and operative costs over the whole ship life cycle. In this context, the Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) tool allows an integrated design approach merging the evaluation of both costs and environmental performances on a comparative basis, among different design solutions. Starting from the first tool release, this work aims to focus on the maintenance of the propulsion system, developing a flexible calculation method for maintenance costs prediction, based on the ship operational profiles and the selected technical solution. After the improvement, the whole LCPA tool has been applied on a research vessel to evaluate, among different propulsion layout solutions, the one with the more advantageous performance in terms of costs during the whole vessel operating life. The identification of the best design solution is strictly dependent on the selection criterion and the point of view of the interested parties using the LCPA tool, e.g., the shipbuilder or the ship-owner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Lifecycle)
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22 pages, 9074 KiB  
Article
Fuel Cell Application for Investigating the Quality of Electricity from Ship Hybrid Power Sources
by Hyeonmin Jeon, Seongwan Kim and Kyoungkuk Yoon
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(8), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080241 - 26 Jul 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4606
Abstract
Since recent marine application of fuel cell systems has been due largely limited to small-sized ships, this paper was aimed to investigate the technical applicability of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) for medium and large-sized ships, using a 180 kW class hybrid test [...] Read more.
Since recent marine application of fuel cell systems has been due largely limited to small-sized ships, this paper was aimed to investigate the technical applicability of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) for medium and large-sized ships, using a 180 kW class hybrid test bed with combined power sources: A 100 kW MCFC, a 30 kW battery and a 50 kW diesel generator. This study focused primarily on determining whether the combined system designed in consideration of actual marine power system configuration could function properly. A case study was conducted with a 5500 Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) container vessel. The operation profile was collected and analyzed in order to develop electric load scenarios applicable to the power system. Throughout the experiment, we evaluated the power quality of the voltage and frequency in the process of synchronization and de-synchronization across the power sources. Therefore, research results revealed that power quality continued to be excellent. This outcome provides insight into the technical reliability of MCFC application on large marine vessels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Lifecycle)
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24 pages, 6880 KiB  
Article
Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emission Reductions of Ships Powered by a Fuel-Cell-Based Hybrid Power Source
by Gilltae Roh, Hansung Kim, Hyeonmin Jeon and Kyoungkuk Yoon
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(7), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070230 - 18 Jul 2019
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6979
Abstract
The need for technological development to reduce the impact of air pollution caused by ships has been strongly emphasized by many authorities, including the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This has encouraged research to develop an electric propulsion system using hydrogen fuel with the [...] Read more.
The need for technological development to reduce the impact of air pollution caused by ships has been strongly emphasized by many authorities, including the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This has encouraged research to develop an electric propulsion system using hydrogen fuel with the aim of reducing emissions from ships. This paper describes the test bed we constructed to compare our electric propulsion system with existing power sources. Our system uses hybrid power and a diesel engine generator with a combined capacity of 180 kW. To utilize scale-down methodology, the linear interpolation method is applied. The proposed hybrid power source consists of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a battery, and a diesel generator, the capacities of which are 100 kW, 30 Kw, and 50 kW, respectively. The experiments we conducted on the test bed were based on the outcome of an analysis of the electrical power consumed in each operating mode considering different types of merchant ships employed in practice. The output, fuel consumption, and CO2 emission reduction rates of the hybrid and conventional power sources were compared based on the load scenarios created for each type of ship. The CO2 emissions of the hybrid system was compared with the case of the diesel generator alone operation for each load scenario, with an average of 70%~74%. This analysis confirmed the effectiveness of using a ship with a fuel-cell-based hybrid power source. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Lifecycle)
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24 pages, 8969 KiB  
Article
Large-Scale Electric Propulsion Systems in Ships Using an Active Front-End Rectifier
by Hyeonmin Jeon, Jongsu Kim and Kyoungkuk Yoon
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(6), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7060168 - 1 Jun 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6687
Abstract
In the case of the electric propulsion system on the vessel, Diode Front End (DFE) rectifiers have been applied for large-sized ships and Active Front End (AFE) rectifiers have been utilized for small and medium-sized ships as a part of the system. In [...] Read more.
In the case of the electric propulsion system on the vessel, Diode Front End (DFE) rectifiers have been applied for large-sized ships and Active Front End (AFE) rectifiers have been utilized for small and medium-sized ships as a part of the system. In this paper, we design a large electric propulsion ship system using AFE rectifier with the proposed phase angle detector and verify the feasibility of the system by simulation. The phase angle derived from the proposed phase angle detection method is applied to the control of the AFE rectifier instead of the zero-crossing method used to detect the phase angle in the control of the conventional AFE rectifier. We compare and analyze the speed control, Direct Current (DC)-link voltage, harmonic content and measurement data of heat loss by inverter switch obtained from the simulation of the electric propulsion system with the 24-pulse DFE rectifier, the conventional AFE rectifier, and the proposed AFE rectifier. As a result of the simulation, it was confirmed that the proposed AFE rectifier derives a satisfactory result similar to that of a 24-pulse DFE rectifier with a phase shifting transformer installed according to the speed load of the ship, and it can be designed and applied as a rectifier of a large-sized vessel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Lifecycle)
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