Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Editorial

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2 pages, 195 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II

by María Isabel Lamas Galdo

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1987; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121987 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1123

Abstract

Engines are one of the most important components of ships [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 4523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Generation of the Compact System for Performing Measurements of Sold Liquids by Gas Station Dispensers

by Jaromír Markovič, Jozef Živčák, Milan Sága and Pavol Tarbajovský

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040524 - 10 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1605

Abstract

This paper presents an advanced compact system that represents an innovative solution determined for the precise measurement of the fuel liquids and chemical materials used in the transport area. This system was created as a product of the applied research, development, and following [...] Read more.

This paper presents an advanced compact system that represents an innovative solution determined for the precise measurement of the fuel liquids and chemical materials used in the transport area. This system was created as a product of the applied research, development, and following realisation in the Slovak Legal Metrology. This organisation is authorised for the certification of the measuring systems. The given system enables to perform metrological control for a wide range of the measuring systems in order to achieve reliable results in the measuring process and the required measuring precision, as well as to minimise idle times of the measuring stands during the metrological control. In addition, the presented system is user-friendly and it requires only a short time for training of the metrological personnel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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19 pages, 9837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Original Vibrodiagnostic Device to Control Linear Rolling Conveyor Reliability

by Radka Jírová, Lubomír Pešík and Robert Grega

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030445 - 21 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2305

Abstract

On the basis of an analysis of the number of goods that are transported and handled in maritime transport, the ports for cargo ships may be considered as places with concentrated emissions. Reducing the emissions in ports can be achieved by shortening the [...] Read more.

On the basis of an analysis of the number of goods that are transported and handled in maritime transport, the ports for cargo ships may be considered as places with concentrated emissions. Reducing the emissions in ports can be achieved by shortening the stay times of cargo ships. The time that ships spend in ports may be reduced to the time that is required for the effective handling of the goods. One of the solutions for effective handling is using equipment with linear rolling systems. To prevent the idle time of cargo ships and the unnecessary increment of emissions in ports because of the possible failure of the linear rolling systems, their reliability and failure prediction are greatly required. Unfortunately, the common diagnostic systems of linear rolling systems in transportation practice still fail in particular cases of great external loads. Therefore, an original solution of the diagnostic system was designed on the basis of a load-free diagnostic part with a vibration sensor that is integrated into a carriage of the linear rolling system. A functional sample of the diagnostics was produced, and the vibrations that were measured on a loaded carriage and on the diagnostic part were compared in laboratory conditions under significant external loads. Encouraging results were reached by a time-domain analysis of the measured data. On the diagnostic part, the damage appeared clearly, while, on the loaded carriage, there were no observable signs of damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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17 pages, 8903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AIS-Based Scenario Simulation for the Control and Improvement of Ship Emissions in Ports

by Sheng-Long Kao, Wu-Hsun Chung and Chao-Wei Chen

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020129 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3724

Abstract

Maritime transport is a major mode of transportation. Over 80% of international freight is carried by this mode. A port is a hub of ships and freight in maritime transport. Because of growing environmental concerns, how to effectively monitor, control, and improve ship [...] Read more.

Maritime transport is a major mode of transportation. Over 80% of international freight is carried by this mode. A port is a hub of ships and freight in maritime transport. Because of growing environmental concerns, how to effectively monitor, control, and improve ship emissions in a port has become a challenge for port administrations. This study combines automatic identification systems (AIS), ship emission estimation model (SEEM), geographic information system (GIS) mapping, and a scenario simulation technique to create a ship emission scenario simulation model (SESSM) for mapping and assessing current ship emissions alongside various “what-if” improvement options in a port area. A case study of the Port of Keelung in Taiwan is used to illustrate and verify the proposed model. In this case, the distribution and density of ship carbon emissions are mapped, with the ship berthing status being identified as the primary source of ship emissions. Meanwhile, nine “what-if” scenarios based on various combinations of speed policies and shore power supplies are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the proposed scenario simulation model is an effective tool to assess various “what-if” emission improvement options and to identify key factors for emission reduction. The effect of shore power supply on carbon emission reduction is significantly greater than speed policies. If investment costs are an issue, a balanced emission improvement option is suggested by combining a new speed policy and 50% shore power supply. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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12 pages, 1975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Possibilities of Ammonia as Both Fuel and NO_x Reductant in Marine Engines: A Numerical Study

by Carlos Gervasio Rodríguez, María Isabel Lamas, Juan de Dios Rodríguez and Amr Abbas

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010043 - 1 Jan 2022

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3919

Abstract

Nowadays, the environmental impact of shipping constitutes an important challenge. In order to achieve climate neutrality as soon as possible, an important priority consists of progressing on the decarbonization of marine fuels. Free-carbon fuels, used as single fuel or in a dual-fuel mode, [...] Read more.

Nowadays, the environmental impact of shipping constitutes an important challenge. In order to achieve climate neutrality as soon as possible, an important priority consists of progressing on the decarbonization of marine fuels. Free-carbon fuels, used as single fuel or in a dual-fuel mode, are gaining special interest for marine engines. A dual fuel ammonia-diesel operation is proposed in which ammonia is introduced with the intake air. According to this, the present work analyzes the possibilities of ammonia in marine diesel engines. Several ammonia-diesel proportions were analyzed, and it was found that when the proportion of ammonia is increased, important reductions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons are obtained, but at the expense of increments of oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), which are only low when too small or too large proportions of ammonia are employed. In order to reduce NO_x too, a second ammonia injection along the expansion stroke is proposed. This measure leads to important NO_x reductions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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19 pages, 5126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Technical and Ecological Parameters of a Diesel Engine in the Application of New Samples of Biofuels

by Juraj Jablonický, Patrícia Feriancová, Juraj Tulík, Ľubomír Hujo, Zdenko Tkáč, Peter Kuchar, Milan Tomić and Jerzy Kaszkowiak

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010001 - 21 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3068

Abstract

The technical and environmental parameters of the diesel internal combustion engine using two new samples of biofuels SAMPLE 1 and SAMPLE 2 were evaluated in this paper. SAMPLE 1 and SAMPLE 2 biofuels were tested on a LOMBARDINI LDW 502 internal combustion engine, [...] Read more.

The technical and environmental parameters of the diesel internal combustion engine using two new samples of biofuels SAMPLE 1 and SAMPLE 2 were evaluated in this paper. SAMPLE 1 and SAMPLE 2 biofuels were tested on a LOMBARDINI LDW 502 internal combustion engine, which was loaded on a dynamometer according to the applicable national and international standards. This method can also be applied to marine engines and contribute to a higher level of marine ecology. The result of the testing was to determine the impact of tested biofuels on the technical parameters engine power and torque and the environmental parameters emissions of smoke, nitrogen oxides, and economy of the internal combustion engine-specific fuel consumption. From the measured data, another parameter was calculated, such as the injected fuel dose and the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine. The results show that the new samples of SAMPLE 1 and SAMPLE 2 biofuels tested could be a suitable alternative to standard diesel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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22 pages, 50303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Shape of Gear Wheel Bodies in Marine Engines on the Gearing Deformation and Meshing Stiffness

by Silvia Maláková, Michal Puškár, Peter Frankovský, Samuel Sivák and Daniela Harachová

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(10), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101060 - 26 Sep 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3605

Abstract

The basic properties of gears must be considered: the shape of their gearing, their load capacity, and the meshing stiffness, which affects the noise and vibration. When designing large gears, it is important to choose the correct shape of the gear body. Large [...] Read more.

The basic properties of gears must be considered: the shape of their gearing, their load capacity, and the meshing stiffness, which affects the noise and vibration. When designing large gears, it is important to choose the correct shape of the gear body. Large gears used in marine gearboxes must be designed with as little weight as possible. The requirements of sufficient stiffness of the gear wheel body, as well as the meshing stiffness, must be met. This paper is devoted to the influence of spur gear wheel body parameters on gearing deformation and meshing stiffness. The stiffness of the gear is solved on the basis of the deformation of the gearing teeth, which is determined by the finite element method. Examples of the simulation and subsequent processing of results demonstrates how the individual parameters of the gear wheel body influence the stiffness of the gearing teeth. At the same time, the results point to designs of suitable shape and dimensions to achieve the required stiffness of the gearing teeth, but with the lowest possible weight of the spur gear wheel body. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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26 pages, 12618 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Analysis of Composite Scrubber with Built-In Silencer for Marine Engines

by Myeong-rok Ryu and Kweonha Park

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090962 - 3 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2642

Abstract

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is strengthening regulations on reducing sulfur oxide emissions, and the demand for reducing exhaust noise affecting the environment of ships is also increasing. Various technologies have been developed to satisfy these needs. In this paper, a composite scrubber [...] Read more.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is strengthening regulations on reducing sulfur oxide emissions, and the demand for reducing exhaust noise affecting the environment of ships is also increasing. Various technologies have been developed to satisfy these needs. In this paper, a composite scrubber for ships that can simultaneously reduce sulfur oxide and noise was proposed, and the flow characteristics and noise characteristics were analyzed. For the silencer, vane type and resonate type were applied. In the case of the vane type, the effects of the direction, size, and location of the vane were analyzed, and in the case of the resonate type, the effects of the hole location and the number of holes were analyzed. The result shows that the length increase of the vane increased the average transmission loss and had a great effect, especially in the low frequency region. The transmission loss increased when the vane was installed outside, and the noise reduction effect was excellent when the vane was in the reverse direction. In the resonate type, increasing the number of holes is advantageous for noise reduction. The condition for maximally reducing noise in the range not exceeding 840 Pa, which is 70% of the allowable back pressure, is a vane length of 225 mm in the outer vane reverse type. The pressure drop under this condition was 777 Pa, and the average transmission losses in the low frequency region and the entire frequency region were 43.5 and 54.5 dB, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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10 pages, 9726 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increasing Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Samples by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Using Heat Treatment Process

by Jozef Živčák, Ema Nováková-Marcinčínová, Ľudmila Nováková-Marcinčínová, Tomáš Balint and Michal Puškár

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(8), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080821 - 30 Jul 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2717

Abstract

The paper deals with the evaluation of mechanical properties of 3D-printed samples based on high-strength steel powder system maraging steel using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), which is currently being put into technical practice. The novelty of this article is that it analyzes [...] Read more.

The paper deals with the evaluation of mechanical properties of 3D-printed samples based on high-strength steel powder system maraging steel using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), which is currently being put into technical practice. The novelty of this article is that it analyzes mechanical properties of samples both printed and age hardened as well as examining the fracture surfaces. When comparing the manufacturer’s range with our recorded values, samples from Set 1 demonstrated strength ranging from 1110 to ultimate 1140 MPa. Samples from Set 2 showed tensile strength values that were just below average. Our recorded range was from 1920 to ultimate 2000 MPa while the manufacturer reported a range from 1950 to 2150 MPa. The tensile strength was in the range from 841 to ultimate 852 MPa in Set 1, and from 1110 to ultimate 1130 MPa in Set 2. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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13 pages, 3653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acoustic Method for Estimation of Marine Low-Speed Engine Turbocharger Parameters

by Roman Varbanets, Oleksij Fomin, Václav Píštěk, Valentyn Klymenko, Dmytro Minchev, Alexander Khrulev, Vitalii Zalozh and Pavel Kučera

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030321 - 14 Mar 2021

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 5960

Abstract

The article presents the acoustic method of marine low-speed engine turbocharger parameter estimation under operating conditions when a prompt assessment of instantaneous turbocharger speed and rotor vibration level is required. The method lies in the analysis of the acoustic signal that is generated [...] Read more.

The article presents the acoustic method of marine low-speed engine turbocharger parameter estimation under operating conditions when a prompt assessment of instantaneous turbocharger speed and rotor vibration level is required. The method lies in the analysis of the acoustic signal that is generated by the compressor of the turbocharger with the diesel engine running under load. The spectral analysis reveals that the compressor blades generate acoustic oscillations that are always present in the overall acoustic spectrum of the turbocharger regardless of its technical condition. The harmonic components corresponding to the blades can be detected in the spectrum using the limit method. The calculated instantaneous turbocharger speed makes it possible to analyze the main harmonic amplitude in the spectrum. The method presented in this paper helps eliminate discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spectral leakage so that the amplitude of the main harmonic can be estimated. Further analysis of the amplitude of the main harmonic allows for efficient estimation of the turbocharger rotor vibration level when in operation. The method can be practically applied by means of a smartphone or a computer that has the dedicated software installed. The proposed method lays the foundations for a permanent monitoring system of turbocharger speed and vibration in industrial and marine diesel engines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II)

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