Fusion Materials with a Focus on Industrial Scale-Up

Dear Colleagues,

Fusion materials are critical to the development and scaling up of power from nuclear fusion. These materials must withstand extreme conditions such as high temperatures, plasma exposure, and neutron irradiation. Key challenges include ensuring the longevity and stability of these materials to enable continuous operation of future fusion power plants.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together recent research on the status of the industrial route toward providing materials for future fusion reactors, as well as to highlight the challenges faced in bringing the supply chain to maturity. The scope ranges from material requirements, types of fusion materials, and challenges in industrial scale-up to future prospects.

1. Material Requirements:

• Thermal Stability: endure high temperatures at the plasma–material interface
• Radiation Resistance: withstand high neutron flux without significant degradation.
• Structural Integrity: maintain mechanical strength under intense operational stresses.

2. Types of Fusion Materials:

• Plasma-Facing Materials (PFMs): tungsten and tungsten alloys, designed to handle direct exposure to the plasma.
• Structural Materials: steels and special alloys that provide the reactor’s structural framework.
• Breeder Materials: lithium-based ceramics or molten salts used in breeding blankets to produce tritium.

3. Challenges in Industrial Scale-Up:

• Material Production: scaling up production methods to meet the large volumes required for power plant construction.
• Quality Control: ensuring consistent material properties across large quantities.
• Cost Efficiency: developing cost-effective manufacturing processes to make fusion power economically viable.

4. Current Research and Development:

• Advanced Manufacturing Techniques: additive manufacturing and nanotechnology to enhance material properties and production efficiency.
• Material Testing Facilities: high-flux neutron sources and plasma simulators for accelerated aging and performance testing.
• International Collaboration: joint research initiatives such as ITER and DEMO, focusing on material innovation and testing.

5. Future Prospects:

• The development of new alloys and composite materials with enhanced performance.
• The integration of AI and machine learning for predictive modeling and optimization of material properties.
• Continued collaboration between academia, industry, and government to overcome technical and economic barriers.

In summary, the industrial scale-up of fusion materials involves addressing significant challenges in material production, quality control, and cost efficiency, with ongoing research focused on developing advanced materials and manufacturing techniques.

Prof. Dr. Jan Willem Coenen
Dr. Thomas P. Davis
Guest Editors

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• plasma-facing materials
• structural materials
• breeder materials
• quality control
• upscaling
• production of fusion materials
• advanced manufacturing techniques
• radiation resistance
• structural integrity