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Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease
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Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungi in Agriculture and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 10462

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Moussa El Jarroudi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
SPHERES Research Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of Liège, 6700 Arlon, Belgium
Interests: crop protection; climate change; sustainable agriculture; crop modelling; field experiment design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I hereby invite you to contribute to this Special Issue titled "Modeling, Warning and Management of Crop Fungal Disease" in the MDPI Journal of fungi. Modern agriculture faces a number of major challenges including a substantial increase in agricultural production for at least 50% by 2050 to feed the growing world population, while preserving the environment. That is, feeding present generations without compromising the future. Given the development of increasingly virulent strains of plant diseases and the resistance to agrochemicals of some of these plant diseases, it is crucial to develop biological control, integrated plant protection strategies for effective and timely phytosanitary treatments to achieve sustainable and profitable farming activities. The "Modeling, Warning and Management of Crop Fungal Disease" thus aims at promoting and encouraging scientific debates and the sharing of experiences around various themes including recent scientific and technological research in biological control and modeling, the challenges in adopting precision agriculture technologies, the use and valuation of increasingly diverse agricultural data in a digital world, the challenges linked to a rapid transition towards sustainable digital/precision agriculture, etc. So many subjects which, without a doubt, will make it possible to “take the pulse” of the participants on these current issues in real time, and promote a sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture under a changing climate. This Special Issue invites high-quality and innovative scientific research articles or reviews papers describing cutting-edge research on Precision farming at the service of transition to support the adoption of efficacious and environmentally friendly strategies to control plant disease in agricultural crops. In addition, researches that describes resistance mechanisms to plants diseases, identification and characterization of emerging diseases and innovating control strategies are also welcomed.

Dr. El Jarroudi Moussa
Guest Editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biological and chemical controls
  • resistance mechanisms to various plant fungal diseases
  • crop disease modeling
  • disease warning system
  • sustainable agriculture
  • integrated management strategies for diseases control

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2401 KiB  
Article
Comparative Assessment of Habitat Suitability and Niche Overlap of Three Cytospora Species in China
by Chengcai Yan, Haiting Hao, Shuaishuai Sha, Zhe Wang, Lili Huang, Zhensheng Kang, Lan Wang and Hongzu Feng
J. Fungi 2024, 10(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10010038 - 3 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
The plant pathogenic fungus Cytospora is notoriously known for causing woody plant canker diseases, resulting in substantial economic losses to biological forests and fruit trees worldwide. Despite their strong negative ecological impact, the existing and prospective distribution patterns of these plant pathogens in [...] Read more.
The plant pathogenic fungus Cytospora is notoriously known for causing woody plant canker diseases, resulting in substantial economic losses to biological forests and fruit trees worldwide. Despite their strong negative ecological impact, the existing and prospective distribution patterns of these plant pathogens in China, according to climate change, have received little attention. In this study, we chose three widely dispersed and seriously damaging species, namely, Cytospora chrysosperma, Cytospora mali, and Cytospora nivea, which are the most common species that damage the Juglans regia, Malus domestica, Eucalyptus, Pyrus sinkiangensis, Populus spp., and Salix spp. in China. We utilized ecological niche modeling to forecast their regional distribution in China under four climate change scenarios (present, SSP 126, SSP 370, and SSP 585). The results show that temperature-related climate factors limit the current distribution ranges of the three species. Currently, the three studied species are highly suitable for northeast, northwest, north, and southwest China. Under future climate scenarios, the distribution ranges of the three species are projected to increase, and the centers of the adequate distribution areas of the three species are expected to shift to high-latitude regions. The three species coexist in China, primarily in the northwest and north regions. The ecological niches of C. chrysosperma and C. nivea are more similar. The distribution range of C. mali can reach the warmer and wetter eastern region, whereas C. chrysosperma and C. nivea are primarily found in drought-prone areas with little rainfall. Our findings can help farmers and planners develop methods to avoid the spread of Cytospora spp. and calculate the costs of applying pesticides to reduce contamination and boost yields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease)
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13 pages, 1003 KiB  
Article
Rare Virulences and Great Pathotype Diversity of a Central European Blumeria hordei Population
by Antonín Dreiseitl
J. Fungi 2023, 9(11), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9111045 - 25 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1286
Abstract
Barley is an important crop grown on almost 49 Mha worldwide in 2021 and is particularly significant in Europe where powdery mildew is the most frequent disease on susceptible varieties. The most suitable way to protect crops is by exploiting genetic resistance. However, [...] Read more.
Barley is an important crop grown on almost 49 Mha worldwide in 2021 and is particularly significant in Europe where powdery mildew is the most frequent disease on susceptible varieties. The most suitable way to protect crops is by exploiting genetic resistance. However, the causal agent Blumeria hordei is an extremely adaptable pathogen. The aims of this research were to increase our knowledge of the rapidly changing pathogen population and detect rare virulences. Random samples of the pathogen were obtained from the air by means of a mobile spore sampler. Spores were collected by driving across the Czech Republic in 2019, 2021 and 2023, and 299 isolates were analyzed on 121 host varieties. No infection occurred on 35 differentials, rare virulence was recorded on 31 varieties and a higher virulence frequency was found on 55 differentials. A core set of differentials along with four additional varieties distinguishes 295 pathotypes (Simple Index = 0.987) and the virulence complexity of isolates varied from 4 to 19 with an average of 10.39. The detection of new virulences, the increasing frequency of previously rare virulences and high pathotype diversity as well as high virulence complexity confirm that using nonspecific durable resistance is crucial for successfully breeding commercial varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease)
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22 pages, 4222 KiB  
Article
Occurrence Regionalization of Kiwifruit Brown Spot in Sichuan
by Yuhang Zhu, Kaikai Yao, Miaomiao Ma, Yongliang Cui, Jing Xu, Wen Chen, Rui Yang, Cuiping Wu and Guoshu Gong
J. Fungi 2023, 9(9), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9090899 - 31 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1226
Abstract
Kiwifruit brown spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola is the most significant fungal disease in Sichuan, resulting in premature defoliation, which had a significant impact on yield and fruit quality. The objective of the study was to determine the occurrence regularity and suitability of [...] Read more.
Kiwifruit brown spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola is the most significant fungal disease in Sichuan, resulting in premature defoliation, which had a significant impact on yield and fruit quality. The objective of the study was to determine the occurrence regularity and suitability of kiwifruit brown spot in Sichuan. The occurrence of the disease in the main producing region was continuously monitored, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict its potential distribution, and the key environmental variables were identified using the jackknife method. The results indicated that kiwifruit brown spot was widely distributed across the entire producing region in Sichuan, predominantly affecting the variety “Hongyang”. The incidence (p < 0.01) and disease index (p < 0.05) showed a significant positive correlation with the cultivar, and decreased with the altitude increasing. The average area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 10 replicates was 0.933 ± 0.012, with an accuracy of 84.44% in a field test, confirming the reliability of the predicted results. The highly suitable distribution areas of kiwifruit brown spot were mainly located in the Chengdu and Ya’an regions. The entire Panzhihua region was an unsuitable distribution area, and the entire Pujiang County and Mingshan District were highly suitable distribution areas. The key environmental variables affecting the potential distribution of kiwifruit brown spot included isothermality (24.3–33.7%), minimum temperature in August (16.3–23.6 °C), maximum temperature in July (25.5–31.2 °C), minimum temperature in June (15.6–20.9 °C), precipitation in August (158–430 mm), and average temperature in October (15.6–18.8 °C). This study provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable layout of the cultivar and the precise prevention and control of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease)
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19 pages, 4567 KiB  
Article
Screening and Analysis of Antifungal Strains Bacillus subtilis JF-4 and B. amylum JF-5 for the Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Banana
by Yajie Duan, Zhencai Pang, Shunli Yin, Weijun Xiao, Huigang Hu and Jianghui Xie
J. Fungi 2023, 9(9), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9090886 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1658
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the antagonistic bacteria from the rhizosphere of healthy bananas that can effectively suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana, and to further investigate the inhibitory mechanism. Method: The primary and secondary screening techniques were implemented using the double-plate [...] Read more.
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the antagonistic bacteria from the rhizosphere of healthy bananas that can effectively suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana, and to further investigate the inhibitory mechanism. Method: The primary and secondary screening techniques were implemented using the double-plate and fermentation antagonism methods. The strain was identified based on physiological and biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and specific gene amplification. The effects of crude extract on the protein content, lipid peroxidation, and pectinase activity of mycelia were determined from the identified isolates. Results: Two antagonistic bacteria, JF-4 and JF-5, were screened and initially identified as Bacillus subtilis (GenBank: OR125631) and B. amylum (GenBank: OR125632). The greenhouse experiment showed that the biological control efficiency of the two antagonists against the Fusarium wilt of banana was 48.3% and 40.3%, respectively. The catalase content produced by lipid peroxidation increased significantly after treatment with the crude extracts of JF-4 and JF-5 at concentrations of 0.69 μmol/L and 0.59 μmol/L, respectively. The protein and ergosterol content and pectinase activity decreased significantly. The two antagonistic bacteria might inhibit the growth of pathogens by enhancing lipid peroxidation and decreasing the synthesis of cell metabolites. Twenty compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). B. subtilis JF-4 was further sequenced and assembled to obtain a complete circular chromosome genome of 681,804,824 bp. The genome consisted of a 4,310,825-bp-long scaffold. Conclusion: The findings of this study may help elucidate the mechanism behind this biocontrol isolate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease)
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15 pages, 6349 KiB  
Article
Unleashing the Potential of Bacterial Isolates from Apple Tree Rhizosphere for Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa: A Promising Approach for Combatting Brown Rot Disease
by Fatemeh Derikvand, Eidi Bazgir, Moussa El Jarroudi, Mostafa Darvishnia, Hossein Mirzaei Najafgholi, Salah-Eddine Laasli and Rachid Lahlali
J. Fungi 2023, 9(8), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080828 - 5 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2378
Abstract
Monilinia laxa, a notorious fungal pathogen responsible for the devastating brown rot disease afflicting apples, wreaks havoc in both orchards and storage facilities, precipitating substantial economic losses. Currently, chemical methods represent the primary means of controlling this pathogen in warehouses. However, this [...] Read more.
Monilinia laxa, a notorious fungal pathogen responsible for the devastating brown rot disease afflicting apples, wreaks havoc in both orchards and storage facilities, precipitating substantial economic losses. Currently, chemical methods represent the primary means of controlling this pathogen in warehouses. However, this study sought to explore an alternative approach by harnessing the biocontrol potential of bacterial isolates against brown rot in apple trees. A total of 72 bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from the apple tree rhizosphere and subjected to initial screening via co-cultivation with the pathogen. Notably, eight bacterial isolates demonstrated remarkable efficacy, reducing the mycelial growth of the pathogen from 68.75 to 9.25%. These isolates were subsequently characterized based on phenotypic traits, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Furthermore, we investigated these isolates’ production capacity with respect to two enzymes, namely, protease and chitinase, and evaluated their efficacy in disease control. Through phenotypic, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analyses, the bacterial isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus succinus, and Pseudomonas baetica. In dual culture assays incorporating M. laxa, S. marcescens and S. succinus exhibited the most potent degree of mycelial growth inhibition, achieving 68.75 and 9.25% reductions, respectively. All the bacterial isolates displayed significant chitinase and protease activities. Quantitative assessment of chitinase activity revealed the highest levels in strains AP5 and AP13, with values of 1.47 and 1.36 U/mL, respectively. Similarly, AP13 and AP6 exhibited the highest protease activity, with maximal enzyme production levels reaching 1.3 and 1.2 U/mL, respectively. In apple disease control assays, S. marcescens and S. succinus strains exhibited disease severity values of 12.34% and 61.66% (DS), respectively, highlighting their contrasting efficacy in mitigating disease infecting apple fruits. These findings underscore the immense potential of the selected bacterial strains with regard to serving as biocontrol agents for combatting brown rot disease in apple trees, thus paving the way for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease)
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19 pages, 6823 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Suitable Habitat Distribution of Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis in the World and China under Climate Change
by Chengcai Yan, Haiting Hao, Zhe Wang, Shuaishuai Sha, Yiwen Zhang, Qingpeng Wang, Zhensheng Kang, Lili Huang, Lan Wang and Hongzu Feng
J. Fungi 2023, 9(7), 739; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9070739 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1597
Abstract
Years of outbreaks of woody canker (Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis) in the United States, Iran, and China have resulted in massive economic losses to biological forests and fruit trees. However, only limited information is available on their distribution, and their habitat requirements have [...] Read more.
Years of outbreaks of woody canker (Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis) in the United States, Iran, and China have resulted in massive economic losses to biological forests and fruit trees. However, only limited information is available on their distribution, and their habitat requirements have not been well evaluated due to a lack of research. In recent years, scientists have utilized the MaxEnt model to estimate the effect of global temperature and specific environmental conditions on species distribution. Using occurrence and high resolution ecological data, we predicted the spatiotemporal distribution of C. pullmanensis under twelve climate change scenarios by applying the MaxEnt model. We identified climatic factors, geography, soil, and land cover that shape their distribution range and determined shifts in their habitat range. Then, we measured the suitable habitat area, the ratio of change in the area of suitable habitat, the expansion and shrinkage of maps under climate change, the direction and distance of range changes from the present to the end of the twenty-first century, and the effect of environmental variables. C. pullmanensis is mostly widespread in high-suitability regions in northwestern China, the majority of Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey, northern Chile, southwestern Argentina, and the west coast of California in the United States. Under future climatic conditions, climate changes of varied intensities favored the expansion of suitable habitats for C. pullmanensis in China. However, appropriate land areas are diminishing globally. The trend in migration is toward latitudes and elevations that are higher. The estimated area of possible suitability shifted eastward in China. The results of the present study are valuable not only for countries such as Morocco, Spain, Chile, Turkey, Kazakhstan, etc., where the infection has not yet fully spread or been established, but also for nations where the species has been discovered. Authorities should take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to restrict the spread of C. pullmanensis. Countries with highly appropriate locations should increase their surveillance, risk assessment, and response capabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Warning and Management Strategies of Crop Fungal Disease)
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