Empowering eHealth with Smart Internet of Things (IoT) Medical Devices

A special issue of Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (ISSN 2224-2708). This special issue belongs to the section "Actuators, Sensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2018) | Viewed by 73156

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Interests: reconfigurable computing; image processing; connected health; high performance computing

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Guest Editor
Universite d'Evry Val d'Essonne, IBISCLab., Evry, France
Interests: wired and wireless network management and control; autonomic networks; sensor networks

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Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Interests: CMOS image sensors; mixed analog-digital IC; circuits and systems for signal image sensors and microsystems

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha 122104, Qatar
Interests: energy efficiency; digital image and signal processing; machine learning; embedded systems; IoT
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Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Kallithea, Greece
Interests: intelligent transportation systems; wireless communications; cognitive networks; autonomous systems;
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of IoT with medical devices within a connected health environment promotes the quick flow of information and enables easy access to it. In such an environment, the patient’s vital parameters are transmitted by medical devices onto secure cloud based platforms where they are stored, aggregated and analyzed. IoT helps to store data for millions of patients and perform analysis in real-time, promoting an evidence-based medicine system.

This Special Issue will focus on pioneering future directions and innovation in smart wearable embedded solutions and IoT with applications in connected health, biomedical signal processing and smart environments. More specifically, it aims to emphasize the challenges for medical devices caused by the IoT, highlight the main research gaps in the area of connected health and smart wearable devices and respond to the following questions: What recent advances have been made in intelligent real-time health data collection? What important advances have been made to empower eHealth with novel IoT devices? Has data interpretation and fusion improved significantly in recent years? How did we improve the security and reliability of medical data communication? How has IoT technology been used to make the eHealth environment smarter? How will recent progress in smart biosensors improve future eHealth? How is Cloud Computing power improving our capacity to manage patients and diseases whilst delivering innovative eHealth services?

These important questions are among others raised in this Special Issue with the aim of provoking a response from the readers. The topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Hardware architectures for IoT
  • Embedded systems in the healthcare domain
  • Energy harvesting for IoT devices
  • Battery-efficient IoT devices
  • Heterogeneous, reconfigurable, SoC and other IoT-specific architectures for connected health
  • Emerging technologies for IoT
  • Efficient communication protocols for Healthcare IoT
  • Failure detection and recovery for Healthcare IoT
  • Self-management for Healthcare IoT
  • IoT2IoT healthcare devices communication
  • Wellness monitoring through smart medical devices
  • Information sharing among IoT devices
  • Data privacy and security solutions for IoT Healthcare
  • Machine learning and pattern recognition on IoT devices
  • Complexity reduction approaches for IoT
  • Data fusion on IoT devices
  • Big data analytics for IoT-enabled connected health systems
  • Multi-agent systems for IoT-distributed computing
  • Management algorithms for m-health solutions
  • Emergency management in an IoT context
  • IoT for medical and healthcare applications
  • Applications of IoT medical devices

Prof. Dr. Nazim Agoulmine
Prof. Dr. Abbes Amira
Prof. Dr. Amine Bermak
Assoc. Prof. Faycal Bensaali
Dr. George Dimitrakopoulos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • eHealth
  • biosensors
  • embedded architecture
  • interference mitigation
  • energy efficient and harvesting
  • IoT
  • reliable communications
  • medical data mining
  • security, privacy preservation
  • IoT cloud convergence

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 147 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Empowering eHealth with Smart Internet of Things (IoT) Medical Devices
by Abbes Amira, Nazim Agoulmine, Faycal Bensaali, Amine Bermak and George Dimitrakopoulos
J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2019, 8(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020033 - 4 Jun 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6833
Abstract
The use of Internet of Things (IoT) with medical devices within a connected health environment promotes the quick flow of information and enables easy access to it [...] Full article

Research

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29 pages, 750 KiB  
Article
Moving Towards Body-to-Body Sensor Networks for Ubiquitous Applications: A Survey
by Amira Meharouech, Jocelyne Elias and Ahmed Mehaoua
J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2019, 8(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020027 - 10 May 2019
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 13661
Abstract
Thanks to their arising abilities to influence the human lifestyle, along with reducing the healthcare systems’ cost, wireless body area networks (WBANs) still form a strongly growing research field. Recent advances focus on the opportunities of coexistence and communication between a group of [...] Read more.
Thanks to their arising abilities to influence the human lifestyle, along with reducing the healthcare systems’ cost, wireless body area networks (WBANs) still form a strongly growing research field. Recent advances focus on the opportunities of coexistence and communication between a group of WBANs, that will forward the sensing data, using persons as network relays, until reaching a remote analysis server or cloud servers via the Internet, forming thus a body-to-body network (BBN). Such new-style networks support a range of innovative and promising applications, including ubiquitous healthcare (U-health), interactive games, and military, to cite a few. In this paper, we first present the evolution of the single WBAN concept to the cooperative network of multiple WBANs, giving rise to the BBN concept. A synopsis of the WBAN and BBN respective standards and applications is given, and the emerging BBN challenges are highlighted. Then, we present and discuss the existing WBAN proposals, especially the candidate WBAN protocols that could be adapted and used in BBNs, focusing on four intrinsically related axes of great importance for BBN design: energy efficiency, mobility prediction, quality of service (QoS) and security. Further BBN open issues are also investigated, namely, the wireless propagation between humans carrying wearable devices, the interference, storage and privacy issues as well as the heterogeneity of BBN devices and traffic. Full article
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20 pages, 4738 KiB  
Article
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Internet Connected Intravenous Drip Monitoring Device
by Pranshul Sardana, Mohit Kalra and Amit Sardana
J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2019, 8(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010002 - 28 Dec 2018
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 13911
Abstract
This paper proposes a monitoring system retro-fittable for existing Intravenous (IV) infusion setup. Traditionally, doctors and nurses use their experience to estimate the time required by an IV bottle to empty which makes the IV therapy vulnerable to human error. The current study [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a monitoring system retro-fittable for existing Intravenous (IV) infusion setup. Traditionally, doctors and nurses use their experience to estimate the time required by an IV bottle to empty which makes the IV therapy vulnerable to human error. The current study proposes an internet connected monitoring platform for IV drip chambers. The device enables doctors and nursing staff to monitor the drip parameters wirelessly while emphasizing on low costs and high degree of reliability. It has two main units, namely chamber unit and pole unit. Chamber unit houses two types of sensors, optical based for drop detection and capacitive based for level detection, both of which are placed on the chamber unit. The pole unit majorly consists of a microcontroller and a GSM-based (Global System Mobile Communication) communication module. In addition, the device was tested along with various parameters like accuracy, readout stability, change in fluid used, changes in ambient conditions, end chamber conditions, optical unit malfunctions. Finally, the monitored data was securely and reliably transmitted to commercial cloud service using HTTP API calls (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) (Application Programming Interface). This data was stored and visualized for ease of readability for nurses and doctors. Full article
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24 pages, 7852 KiB  
Article
Symmetric Encryption Relying on Chaotic Henon System for Secure Hardware-Friendly Wireless Communication of Implantable Medical Systems
by Taha Belkhouja, Xiaojiang Du, Amr Mohamed, Abdulla K. Al-Ali and Mohsen Guizani
J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2018, 7(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan7020021 - 11 May 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7314
Abstract
Healthcare remote devices are recognized as a promising technology for treating health related issues. Among them are the wireless Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs): These electronic devices are manufactured to treat, monitor, support or replace defected vital organs while being implanted in the human [...] Read more.
Healthcare remote devices are recognized as a promising technology for treating health related issues. Among them are the wireless Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs): These electronic devices are manufactured to treat, monitor, support or replace defected vital organs while being implanted in the human body. Thus, they play a critical role in healing and even saving lives. Current IMDs research trends concentrate on their medical reliability. However, deploying wireless technology in such applications without considering security measures may offer adversaries an easy way to compromise them. With the aim to secure these devices, we explore a new scheme that creates symmetric encryption keys to encrypt the wireless communication portion. We will rely on chaotic systems to obtain a synchronized Pseudo-Random key. The latter will be generated separately in the system in such a way that avoids a wireless key exchange, thus protecting patients from the key theft. Once the key is defined, a simple encryption system that we propose in this paper will be used. We analyze the performance of this system from a cryptographic point of view to ensure that it offers a better safety and protection for patients. Full article
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16 pages, 2729 KiB  
Article
An Interface for IoT: Feeding Back Health-Related Data to Parkinson’s Disease Patients
by Mevludin Memedi, Gaki Tshering, Martin Fogelberg, Ilir Jusufi, Ella Kolkowska and Gunnar Klein
J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2018, 7(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan7010014 - 12 Mar 2018
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 9115
Abstract
This paper presents a user-centered design (UCD) process of an interface for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients for helping them to better manage their symptoms. The interface is designed to visualize symptom and medication information, collected by an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system, which [...] Read more.
This paper presents a user-centered design (UCD) process of an interface for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients for helping them to better manage their symptoms. The interface is designed to visualize symptom and medication information, collected by an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system, which will consist of a smartphone, electronic dosing device, wrist sensor and a bed sensor. In our work, the focus is on measuring data related to some of the main health-related quality of life aspects such as motor function, sleep, medication compliance, meal intake timing in relation to medication intake, and physical exercise. A mock-up demonstrator for the interface was developed using UCD methodology in collaboration with PD patients. The research work was performed as an iterative design and evaluation process based on interviews and observations with 11 PD patients. Additional usability evaluations were conducted with three information visualization experts. Contributions include a list of requirements for the interface, results evaluating the performance of the patients when using the demonstrator during task-based evaluation sessions as well as opinions of the experts. The list of requirements included ability of the patients to track an ideal day, so they could repeat certain activities in the future as well as determine how the scores are related to each other. The patients found the visualizations as clear and easy to understand and could successfully perform the tasks. The evaluation with experts showed that the visualizations are in line with the current standards and guidelines for the intended group of users. In conclusion, the results from this work indicate that the proposed system can be considered as a tool for assisting patients in better management of the disease by giving them insights on their own aggregated symptom and medication information. However, the actual effects of providing such feedback to patients on their health-related quality of life should be investigated in a clinical trial. Full article
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Review

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22 pages, 2479 KiB  
Review
Opportunities and Challenges for Error Correction Scheme for Wireless Body Area Network—A Survey
by Rajan Kadel, Nahina Islam, Khandakar Ahmed and Sharly J. Halder
J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2019, 8(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010001 - 23 Dec 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 9030
Abstract
This paper offers a review of different types of Error Correction Scheme (ECS) used in communication systems in general, which is followed by a summary of the IEEE standard for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The possible types of channels and network models [...] Read more.
This paper offers a review of different types of Error Correction Scheme (ECS) used in communication systems in general, which is followed by a summary of the IEEE standard for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The possible types of channels and network models for WBAN are presented that are crucial to the design and implementation of ECS. Following that, a literature review on the proposed ECSs for WBAN is conducted based on different aspects. One aspect of the review is to examine what type of parameters are considered during the research work. The second aspect of the review is to analyse how the reliability is measured and whether the research works consider the different types of reliability and delay requirement for different data types or not. The review indicates that the current literatures do not utilize the constraints that are faced by WBAN nodes during ECS design. Subsequently, we put forward future research challenges and opportunities on ECS design and the implementation for WBAN when considering computational complexity and the energy-constrained nature of nodes. Full article
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31 pages, 1642 KiB  
Review
Compressive Sensing-Based IoT Applications: A Review
by Hamza Djelouat, Abbes Amira and Faycal Bensaali
J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2018, 7(4), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan7040045 - 22 Oct 2018
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 12039
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) holds great promises to provide an edge cutting technology that enables numerous innovative services related to healthcare, manufacturing, smart cities and various human daily activities. In a typical IoT scenario, a large number of self-powered smart devices collect [...] Read more.
The Internet of Things (IoT) holds great promises to provide an edge cutting technology that enables numerous innovative services related to healthcare, manufacturing, smart cities and various human daily activities. In a typical IoT scenario, a large number of self-powered smart devices collect real-world data and communicate with each other and with the cloud through a wireless link in order to exchange information and to provide specific services. However, the high energy consumption associated with the wireless transmission limits the performance of these IoT self-powered devices in terms of computation abilities and battery lifetime. Thus, to optimize data transmission, different approaches have to be explored such as cooperative transmission, multi-hop network architectures and sophisticated compression techniques. For the latter, compressive sensing (CS) is a very attractive paradigm to be incorporated in the design of IoT platforms. CS is a novel signal acquisition and compression theory that exploits the sparsity behavior of most natural signals and IoT architectures to achieve power-efficient, real-time platforms that can grant efficient IoT applications. This paper assesses the extant literature that has aimed to incorporate CS in IoT applications. Moreover, the paper highlights emerging trends and identifies several avenues for future CS-based IoT research. Full article
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