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Machines
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Advanced and Efficient Electric Propulsion Systems
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Advanced and Efficient Electric Propulsion Systems

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Vehicle Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 11963

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Amin Mahmoudi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
Interests: electrical machines and energy conversion; power electronics and electrical drives; renewable energy systems and energy storage; electric vehicles; power system analysis distributed generation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Solmaz Kahourzade

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
SREM, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5042, Australia
Interests: electrical machines and drives; hybrid power networks; renewable energy systems; transmission and distribution networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The transportation sector is responsible for the emissions of at least 30% of the total pollution into the atmosphere. Environmental sustainability is enabled through the use of efficient propulsion systems. The statistical analysis reported by international energy agencies demonstrates that the emitted greenhouse gases can be reduced by up to 75% if all the currently available combustion engines are substituted with electric vehicles. Considering global warming and the aim of environmental sustainability, it is necessary to improve the performance of propulsion systems. The efficiency and pefromance of electric vehicles (EVs) can be improved when they are equipped with an efficient propulsion system. In addition to electric machines, power converters and battery packages are other forms of electrical components of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and EVs, which are subject to further improvements. Although researchers have devoted a considerable amount of time and energy in recent years to develop the design of different parts of propulsion systems, there remains room for the further improvement of electric machines and the drive for efficient electric propulsion systems.

This Special Issue concentrates on the most recent technology and developments in the design and manufacturing processes of HEV and EV propulsion systems. The Special Issue's main goal is to provide a broad platform for reporting the scientific research observations on the following areas:

  • Design with respect to EV and HEV driving cycles;
  • High-power-density electric motors;
  • Alternative batteries and energy storage systems for EVs and HEVs;
  • Simulation approaches and techniques for propulsion system design and optimization;
  • Propulsion system safety and reliability.

Dr. Amin Mahmoudi
Dr. Solmaz Kahourzade
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electric machine design
  • efficiency improvement
  • propulsion systems
  • transportation electrification
  • power converters in EVs and HEVs
  • energy storage and battery charging

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 12644 KiB  
Article
Optimal Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation for Three-Phase Inverters in Electric Propulsion Ships
by Chan Roh, Hyeon-min Jeon, Seong-wan Kim, Jong-su Kim, Na-young Lee and Sung-woo Song
Machines 2024, 12(2), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12020109 - 5 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1965
Abstract
Global interest in environmentally friendly ships has surged as a result of greenhouse gas reduction policies and the demand for carbon neutrality. Despite growing demand for electric propulsion systems, there is a lack of research and development on crucial components. Efficiency and stability [...] Read more.
Global interest in environmentally friendly ships has surged as a result of greenhouse gas reduction policies and the demand for carbon neutrality. Despite growing demand for electric propulsion systems, there is a lack of research and development on crucial components. Efficiency and stability are primarily influenced by the performance of inverters, which are essential for driving propulsion motors. Existing inverter control techniques can be of two types: continuous-PWM (pulse width modulation) methods for harmonic performance enhancement and discontinuous-PWM methods for efficiency improvement by reducing losses. However, there are limitations in that each PWM method exhibits substantial variations in inverter performance based on its operating conditions. To address these challenges, this study proposes the hybrid pulse-width-modulation (HPWM) method for optimal inverter operation. By analyzing the inverter’s operating conditions, the proposed HPWM method adopts various pulse-width-modulation (PWM) strategies based on a modulation index to achieve harmonic improvement and loss reduction. Our focus is on comparing and analyzing diverse PWM techniques under varying modulation indices and frequency conditions to attain the optimal operating conditions. Experimental validation of the proposed method was conducted using a 2.2 kW dynamometer. In comparison with existing PWM methods, the proposed method demonstrated superior performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced and Efficient Electric Propulsion Systems)
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16 pages, 3727 KiB  
Article
Optimized Energy Management Control of a Hybrid Electric Locomotive
by Mihael Cipek, Danijel Pavković and Zdenko Kljaić
Machines 2023, 11(6), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11060589 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3232
Abstract
Hybrid electric propulsion, using batteries for energy storage, is making significant inroads into railway transportation because of its potential for notable fuel savings and the related reductions in greenhouse gases emissions of hybrid railway traction over non-electrified railway lines. Due to the inherent [...] Read more.
Hybrid electric propulsion, using batteries for energy storage, is making significant inroads into railway transportation because of its potential for notable fuel savings and the related reductions in greenhouse gases emissions of hybrid railway traction over non-electrified railway lines. Due to the inherent complexity of hybridized powertrains, combining different power conversions and energy storage capabilities, the corresponding operation of their energy management needs to be precisely optimized in order to achieve the minimum possible fuel consumption. Having this in mind, this paper proposes a real-time energy management control strategy for a diesel–electric hybrid locomotive based on the optimization results obtained by means of a dynamic programming optimization algorithm aimed at fuel consumption minimization while honoring the battery state-of-charge constraints and powertrain physical constraints. The final optimization result, expressed in terms of the optimal battery state-of-charge reference (target), is used as an additional input into the state-of-charge controller within the real-time energy management system. The subsequent simulation analysis shows clear fuel economy improvement with 22.9% of fuel savings obtained for the locomotive featuring a hybrid powertrain equipped with batteries over the conventional one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced and Efficient Electric Propulsion Systems)
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16 pages, 3968 KiB  
Article
High-Performance Vernier Machines with Halbach Array Permanent Magnets for Direct Drive Applications
by Arash Allahyari, Emine Bostanci and Amin Mahmoudi
Machines 2023, 11(5), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11050525 - 1 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2587
Abstract
This paper investigates the performance enhancements of permanent magnet Vernier machines (PMVMs) that can be achieved using a new structure of Halbach array permanent magnets (HAPMs) for a direct-drive motorcycle application. To start with, size and design specifications of the electric machine are [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the performance enhancements of permanent magnet Vernier machines (PMVMs) that can be achieved using a new structure of Halbach array permanent magnets (HAPMs) for a direct-drive motorcycle application. To start with, size and design specifications of the electric machine are determined based on the assumed acceleration and drive cycle performance of a motorcycle. Then, five-segment Halbach array permanent magnet Vernier machines (HAPMVMs) with two different slot/pole combinations (24 s/44 p and 12 s/20 p) are suggested and optimized to achieve a high torque density with an acceptable power factor while maintaining a low torque ripple. Two selected designs from optimizations are investigated in the full speed range considering power factor and efficiency maps. Consequently, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed five-HAPM structure, the same optimization methods are repeated with three-segment HAPMs as well as with single-piece PMs. The comparisons show a great enhancement in torque and power factor achieved with the use of five HAPMs. For instance, for 22 s/44 p topology, generated torque doubles with the use of five-segment PMs compared to single-segment PMs. Finally, the harmonics of magnetic flux density in the airgap of PMVMs and HAPMVMs are compared and investigated to reveal the reasons behind the superiority of VMs with HAPMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced and Efficient Electric Propulsion Systems)
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18 pages, 4785 KiB  
Article
Optimal Stator and Rotor Slots Design of Induction Motors for Electric Vehicles Using Opposition-Based Jellyfish Search Optimization
by Ahamed Ibrahim Sithy Juhaniya, Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri, Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley and Muhammad Akmal Remli
Machines 2022, 10(12), 1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121217 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3309
Abstract
This study presents a hybrid optimization technique to optimize stator and rotor slots of induction motor (IM) design for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The existing meta-heuristic optimization techniques for the IM design, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), suffer [...] Read more.
This study presents a hybrid optimization technique to optimize stator and rotor slots of induction motor (IM) design for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The existing meta-heuristic optimization techniques for the IM design, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), suffer premature convergence, exploration and exploitation imbalance, and computational burden. Therefore, this study proposes a new hybrid optimization technique called opposition-based jellyfish search optimization (OBJSO). This technique adopts opposition-based learning (OBL) into a jellyfish search optimization (JSO). Apart from that, a multi-objective formulation is derived to maximize the main performance indicators of EVs, including efficiency, breakdown torque, and power factor. The proposed OBJSO is used to solve the optimal design of stator and rotor slots based on the formulated multi-objective. The performance is compared with conventional optimization techniques, such as GA, PSO, and JSO. OBJSO outperforms three other optimization techniques in terms of average fitness by 2.2% (GA), 1.3% (PSO), and 0.17% (JSO). Furthermore, the convergence rate of OBJSO is improved tremendously, where up to 13.6% reduction in average can be achieved compared with JSO. In conclusion, the proposed technique can be used to help engineers in the automotive industry design a high-performance IM for EVs as an alternative to the existing motor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced and Efficient Electric Propulsion Systems)
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