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Sensing and Monitoring Technologies in Composite Materials
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Sensing and Monitoring Technologies in Composite Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 3673

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Grzegorz Tytko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: eddy current testing; electromagnetism; impedance analysis; analytical modeling
Dr. Mingyang Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNDE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
Interests: nondestructive evaluation; eddy current testing; electromagnetic modeling; materials evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhiyuan Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hankong University, Nanchang, China
Interests: nondestructive testing; magnetic sensors; signal processing; pulsed eddy current
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Composite materials have gained significant attention across various industries due to their unique combination of properties, including high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and durability. However, ensuring the structural integrity and quality of composite materials requires a rigorous testing and quality assurance program.

This Special Issue covers various key techniques and approaches for composite material testing and quality assurance. These include:

Composites non-destructive testing (NDT). The use of eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, X-ray, and thermography to detect internal defects or damage without damaging the material.

Thermal, physical, and mechanical testing: A range of testing methods used to evaluate the properties of composite materials under different conditions, including testing for strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, electrical properties, and other relevant characteristics.

Automatic process monitoring for composite production: The use of sensors and other monitoring techniques to monitor parameters such as temperature, pressure, electrical conductivity, and viscosity during the manufacturing process.

Destructive testing of composite materials: The use of a range of destructive tests such as tensile, compression, or hardness testing to evaluate the strength and quality of the material.

The Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of the various techniques used for testing and quality assurance of composite material. By incorporating these techniques into composite manufacturing and maintenance processes, industries can ensure the durability and reliability of their composite materials and products.

Dr. Grzegorz Tytko
Dr. Mingyang Lu
Dr. Zhiyuan Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • composites non-destructive testing (NDT)
  • determination of geometric dimensions
  • thermal, physical and mechanical testing
  • automatic process monitoring for composite production
  • damage identification
  • health monitoring of composite structures
  • macroscopic and microscopic examination
  • destructive testing of composite materials
  • sensors, probes and devices for composite materials
  • manufacturing defects

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 8818 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Influence of Surface Roughness Parameters on Ultrasonic Rayleigh Waveforms
by Karol Grochalski, Jakub Kowalczyk, Marian Jósko and Michal Wieczorowski
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5493; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225493 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 460
Abstract
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is widely used not only in the laboratory, but also in industry. The tests use various types of ultrasonic waves, diverse measurement techniques and different apparatus. One of the problems encountered is the high susceptibility of the surface wave to [...] Read more.
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is widely used not only in the laboratory, but also in industry. The tests use various types of ultrasonic waves, diverse measurement techniques and different apparatus. One of the problems encountered is the high susceptibility of the surface wave to interference. Some of the interference is random in nature and can be minimized (e.g., contamination of the surface or resting a finger on the surface under study). Some of the interference is permanent in nature, such as variable surface roughness. The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate the influence of roughness on ultrasonic wave propagation. The study used samples with surface roughness Sa from 0.28 to 219 µm, and ultrasonic surface wave probes with frequencies from 1.41 to 8.02 MHz. It was observed that roughness significantly affects the attenuation of the ultrasonic wave, and the differences in signal amplification reached more than 15 dB. Similarly, the effect of the ultrasonic wave’s transit time through surfaces of different roughness was noted. It was found that the difference in the ultrasonic wave transition time was more than 50 µs. The results of the study can be helpful for the ultrasonic testing of materials with different surface conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing and Monitoring Technologies in Composite Materials)
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13 pages, 3706 KiB  
Article
Conceptual Examination of Pt Atom-Adorned WTe2 for Improved Adsorption and Identification of CO and C2H4 in Dissolved Gas Analysis
by Qi Zhao, Suya Li, Jin He, Yuyan Man and Songyuan Li
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225487 - 10 Nov 2024
Viewed by 420
Abstract
The online monitoring of transformer insulation is crucial for ensuring power system stability and safety. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA), employing highly sensitive gas sensors to detect dissolved gas in transformer oil, offers a promising means to assess equipment insulation performance. Based on density [...] Read more.
The online monitoring of transformer insulation is crucial for ensuring power system stability and safety. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA), employing highly sensitive gas sensors to detect dissolved gas in transformer oil, offers a promising means to assess equipment insulation performance. Based on density functional theory (DFT), platinum modification of a WTe2 monolayer was studied and the adsorption behavior of CO and C2H4 on the Pt-WTe2 monolayer was simulated. The results showed that the Pt atom could be firmly anchored to the W atoms in the WTe2 monolayer, with a binding energy of −3.12 eV. The Pt-WTe2 monolayer showed a trend toward chemical adsorption to CO and C2H4 with adsorption energies of −2.46 and −1.88 eV, respectively, highlighting a stronger ability of Pt-WTe2 to adsorb CO compared with C2H4. Analyses of the band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS) revealed altered electronic properties in the Pt-WTe2 monolayer after gas adsorption. The bandgap decreased to 1.082 eV in the CO system and 1.084 eV in the C2H4 system, indicating a stronger interaction of Pt-WTe2 with CO, corroborated by the analysis of DOS. Moreover, the observed change in work function (WF) was more significant in CO systems, suggesting the potential of Pt-WTe2 as a WF-based gas sensor for CO detection. This study unveils the gas-sensing potential of the Pt-WTe2 monolayer for transformer status evaluation, paving the way for the development of gas sensor preparation for DGA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing and Monitoring Technologies in Composite Materials)
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13 pages, 2699 KiB  
Article
Inspection of Liner Wall Thinning and Interface Debonding in Bimetallic Lined Pipes Using Pulsed Eddy Current Testing
by Weifan Chen, Xiaofeng Zhou, Baixi Liu, Zhiping Li, Zan Luo and Zhiyuan Xu
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112652 - 30 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 649
Abstract
Bimetallic lined pipe (BLP) has been increasingly used in offshore and subsea oil and gas structures, but how to identify the invisible inner defects such as liner wall thinning and interface debonding is a challenge for future development. A nondestructive testing (NDT) method [...] Read more.
Bimetallic lined pipe (BLP) has been increasingly used in offshore and subsea oil and gas structures, but how to identify the invisible inner defects such as liner wall thinning and interface debonding is a challenge for future development. A nondestructive testing (NDT) method based on pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) has been proposed to face these difficulties. The inspection of the BLP specimen (AISI1020 base tube and SS304 liner) is implemented from outside of the pipe by using a transmitter–receiver-type PECT probe consisting of two induction coils. By simplifying the BLP specimen to stratified conductive plates, the electromagnetic field interaction between the PECT probe and specimen is analytically modeled, and the probe inspection signals due to liner wall thinning and interface debonding are calculated. In order to highlight the weak response (in microvolts) from the liner, the inspection signals are subtracted by the signal, which is calculated in the case of only having a base tube, yielding differential PECT signals. The peak voltage of the differential signal is selected to characterize the liner wall thinning and interface debonding due to its distinguishable and linear variation. Experiment verification is also carried out on a double-walled specimen simulated by a combination of a Q235 casing pipe and SS304 tubes of different sizes. The experimental results basically agree with the analytical predictions. The peak value of the PECT signal has an ascending and descending variation with the increase in the remaining liner wall thickness and debonding gap, respectively, while the negative peak value shows opposite changes. The peak value exhibits a larger sensitivity than the negative peak value. The proposed method shows potential promise in practical applications for the evaluation of the inner defects in BLP lines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing and Monitoring Technologies in Composite Materials)
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15 pages, 7286 KiB  
Article
Improvement of the Piezoresistive Behavior of Poly (vinylidene fluoride)/Carbon Nanotube Composites by the Addition of Inorganic Semiconductor Nanoparticles
by Müslüm Kaplan, Emre Alp, Beate Krause and Petra Pötschke
Materials 2024, 17(4), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040774 - 6 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1451
Abstract
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs), obtained by incorporating conductive fillers into a polymer matrix, are suitable for producing strain sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) in infrastructure. Here, the effect of the addition of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles (INPs) to a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) [...] Read more.
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs), obtained by incorporating conductive fillers into a polymer matrix, are suitable for producing strain sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) in infrastructure. Here, the effect of the addition of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles (INPs) to a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the piezoresistive behavior is investigated. INPs with different morphologies and sizes are synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The added inorganic oxide semiconductors showed two distinct morphologies, including different phases. While particles with flower-like plate morphology contain phases of orth-ZnSnO3 and SnO, the cauliflower-like nanoparticles contain these metal oxides and ZnO. The nanoparticles are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the nanocomposites by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cyclic tensile testing is applied to determine the strain-sensing behavior of PVDF/1 wt% MWCNT nanocomposites with 0–10 wt% inorganic nanoparticles. Compared to the PVDF/1 wt% MWCNT nanocomposite, the piezoresistive sensitivity is higher after the addition of both types of nanoparticles and increases with their amount. Thereby, nanoparticles with flower-like plate structures improve strain sensing behavior slightly more than nanoparticles with cauliflower-like structures. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the morphology of the semiconductor nanoparticles added to the PVDF/MWCNT matrix influences the changes in thermal properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing and Monitoring Technologies in Composite Materials)
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