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Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials
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Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 5156

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Leszek Szalewski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Digital Dentistry Lab of Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Interests: dental photography; esthetic dentistry; dental education; adhesive dentistry
Prof. Dr. Ingrid K. Różyło-Kalinowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Interests: dental and maxillofacial imaging; photography; dental education

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, a clear interest has developed in minimally invasive dentistry. This has been undeniably influenced by the changes that have taken place in dental materials. Many materials, such as composite resins, have changed their properties in such a way that the scope of their application has expanded. In the same way, the development of digital dentistry (CAD systems) and finishing devices (CAM systems) allows researchers to apply more widely known materials. Modern materials allow the fabrication of make less invasive onlays and veneers. Materials with a similar chemical composition which are produced by new technologies have significantly different mechanical properties. Application techniques—type of polymerization, use of a rubber dam, elimination of the oxygen inhibition layer—also impact the survival of fillings and dentures.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect research based on the changes that have taken place in recent years in the field of materials used in restorative dentistry. Interesting topics include changes in the production and composition of materials, techniques for the production of prosthetic dentures, new application techniques, but also issues in the field of the impact of environmental factors on the long-term survival of dental fillings in the oral cavity. Additionally, articles may cover composite resins, glass-ionomer cement, hybrid ceramic, dental ceramic, and zirconia. Original articles using in vitro and in vivo methods are welcome, alongside clinical studies, communications, and reviews.

Dr. Leszek Szalewski
Prof. Dr. Ingrid K. Różyło-Kalinowska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • composite resins
  • glass-ionomer cements
  • porcelain
  • ceramic
  • resin-based luting agents
  • ceramic
  • restorative dentistry
  • prosthetic
  • mechanical properties

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3432 KiB  
Article
Visibility of Recurrent Caries Through Universal Shade Resin Composite Restorations
by Ryotaro Yago, Chiharu Kawamoto, Di Wu, Takuma Mirokuin, Rafiqul Islam, Monica Yamauti, Hidehiko Sano and Atsushi Tomokiyo
Materials 2024, 17(23), 5815; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235815 (registering DOI) - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 62
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to investigate whether color differences in the stained cavity floor simulating recurrent caries can be detected using various restored resin composites. Artificial teeth were made with conventional resin composite (Estellite Sigma Quick A3; ET), and class V cavities [...] Read more.
This in vitro study aimed to investigate whether color differences in the stained cavity floor simulating recurrent caries can be detected using various restored resin composites. Artificial teeth were made with conventional resin composite (Estellite Sigma Quick A3; ET), and class V cavities were prepared. To simulate the color of caries, a dot was marked in the center of the cavity floor using four different magic pens. The cavities were filled with ET and two universal shade resin composites (UC, Omnichroma; OMI, Essentia Universal; ESS). For photographic analysis, a standard correction color chart was used. The color difference (ΔE00) between (i) the lab value at the center of the cavity and (ii) the average lab value at 1 mm mesial and distal to the center of the cavity was calculated. The data were statistically746o-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). For visual analysis, 25 dentists were asked to complete a questionnaire to determine whether the color differences were noticeable. In the photographic analysis, UC showed larger ΔE00 values than ET in all colors. Visual analysis revealed higher detection rates for UC than ET. Universal shade resin composite tends to reflect the color of the cavity more effectively than conventional resin composite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials)
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11 pages, 3705 KiB  
Article
Zirconium Oxide as a Novel Material for Post-Endodontically Treated Teeth: Comparative Fracture Behavior of 3D-Printed Cobalt–Chromium, Milled Zirconium Oxide, and Quartz Fiber Posts
by Armin Sokolowski, Fernando Gustavo Warchomicka, Lukas Seebacher, Bernhard Remschmidt, Marcus Rieder, Lumnije Kqiku-Biblekaj and Alwin Sokolowski
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5611; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225611 - 17 Nov 2024
Viewed by 587
Abstract
This study evaluates the mechanical properties of materials used in the post-endodontic restoration of root-treated teeth and examines their performance under stress to provide insights for material selection in clinical applications. Particular attention is given to zirconium oxide, which demonstrates promising characteristics due [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the mechanical properties of materials used in the post-endodontic restoration of root-treated teeth and examines their performance under stress to provide insights for material selection in clinical applications. Particular attention is given to zirconium oxide, which demonstrates promising characteristics due to its esthetic color and favorable material properties, positioning it as a potential material for future use in post-endodontic treatments. Three materials—prefabricated quartz fiber-reinforced composite, milled zirconium oxide, and additively manufactured cobalt–chromium—were evaluated using compressive-deflection tests. The specimens were subjected to a 45° compressive load extending 5 mm from a metal core. Their mechanical properties were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Significant differences were observed among the materials. Quartz fiber posts, with the lowest force resistance, buckled at lower loads (143.3 ± 9.9 N), while zirconia posts failed in a brittle manner at higher forces (246.1 ± 97.2 N). Cobalt–chromium posts demonstrated the highest maximal force (323.2 ± 10.5 N, p < 0.001) and, unlike the other materials, bent rather than fractured. The failure patterns of the tested materials underscore the importance of careful material selection when restoring root-treated teeth. Despite displaying distinct fracture characteristics, zirconium oxide, due to its color, rigidity, and hardness, stands out as a promising material for future dental applications. Further research through randomized clinical trials is recommended to refine treatment approaches and optimize clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials)
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20 pages, 5077 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Inorganic Filler Content on the Properties of BPA-Free Bulk-Fill Dental Resin Composites
by Huilin Deng, Fang Liu and Jingwei He
Materials 2024, 17(20), 5040; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17205040 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 624
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the performance of dental resin composites (DRCs) by increasing the content of inorganic fillers while addressing potential health risks associated with Bisphenol A (BPA). To achieve this, the BPA-based resin monomer Bis-GMA was replaced with BPA-free Bis-EFMA. The [...] Read more.
This study aimed to enhance the performance of dental resin composites (DRCs) by increasing the content of inorganic fillers while addressing potential health risks associated with Bisphenol A (BPA). To achieve this, the BPA-based resin monomer Bis-GMA was replaced with BPA-free Bis-EFMA. The study then explored the impact of varying inorganic filler contents on the physiochemical properties of Bis-EFMA-based bulk-fill dental resin composites (BF-DRCs). Four distinct Bis-EFMA-based BF-DRCs were formulated, each with different inorganic filler contents ranging from 70 wt% to 76 wt%. The study tested the depth of cure (DOC), double-bond conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), and cytotoxicity of the system. It notably investigated the effects of increasing filler content on mechanical properties through flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), Vickers microhardness (VHN), and wear resistance, as well as the impact on polymerization shrinkage, including volumetric shrinkage (VS) and shrinkage stress (SS). To assess the commercial application potential of Bis-EFMA-based BF-DRC, the research used the commercially available BF-DRC Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior (FBF) as a control. The results indicated that a higher filler content did not affect the DOC of Bis-EFMA-based BF-DRCs. Inorganic fillers at higher concentrations significantly enhanced overall mechanical properties while significantly reducing volumetric shrinkage (VS; p < 0.05). When the concentration of inorganic fillers in the resin system reached 76 wt%, most of the performance of the Bis-EFMA-based BF-DRC surpassed that of the commercial control FBF, except for FS, FM, and SS. These findings highlight the potential of Bis-EFMA-based BF-DRC as a long-term restorative material for dental applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials)
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11 pages, 4255 KiB  
Article
Influence of Low pH on the Microhardness and Roughness Surface of Dental Composite—A Preliminary Study
by Leszek Szalewski, Dorota Wójcik, Monika Sowa, Vladyslav Vivcharenko and Krzysztof Pałka
Materials 2024, 17(14), 3443; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143443 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1052
Abstract
Dental composites are gaining great popularity in restorative dentistry because of their aesthetic appeal and capacity to replicate the natural color of teeth. Nevertheless, their lifespan and durability rely on various factors, such as the polishing technique and the environmental conditions they are [...] Read more.
Dental composites are gaining great popularity in restorative dentistry because of their aesthetic appeal and capacity to replicate the natural color of teeth. Nevertheless, their lifespan and durability rely on various factors, such as the polishing technique and the environmental conditions they are exposed to. The study aimed to assess the influence of the method of final polishing of dental composite on the surface roughness and microhardness of materials also considering the environment of different pHs. Disc-shaped samples (5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) have been prepared for microhardness and roughness tests from two dental composites: A2 Clearfil Majesty ES 2 Classic and A2D Clearfil Majesty Premium. One-third of samples were polished with polishing discs, OptiDisc, another one-third of samples were polished with Eve Diacomp Twist rubbers and polishing brush with diamond particles, and rest of the samples were stored without any polishing (the control group). Tested materials were incubated in distilled water or acidic buffer (pH = 2) for 3 weeks at a temperature of 37 °C. No statistically significant differences were found for roughness for the two materials tested after incubation in liquids. A decrease in Vicker microhardness was found for Clearfil Majesty ES 2 Classic after soaking in a low pH liquid, and no such relationship was found for Clearfil Majesty Premium. The improved resistance of these materials to the negative oral environment may result in the longer survival of composite restorations in patients with poor diet or diseases, causing a decrease in oral pH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials)
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13 pages, 5503 KiB  
Article
How Does Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Irrigation Affect Biodentine? A Multimethod Ex Vivo Study
by Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Aleksandra Palatyńska-Ulatowska and Leszek Klimek
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061230 - 7 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 806
Abstract
The activity of biomaterials used during endodontic treatment can be affected by various factors. One of them is the chemical action of the irrigant that they are exposed to. The aim of this multimethod ex vivo study was to evaluate the influence of [...] Read more.
The activity of biomaterials used during endodontic treatment can be affected by various factors. One of them is the chemical action of the irrigant that they are exposed to. The aim of this multimethod ex vivo study was to evaluate the influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the surface appearance and chemical composition of Biodentine used in perforation repair. Twenty material specimens were prepared according to manufacturers’ recommendations and divided into two setting-time-based groups, tested after 45 min (group A) and 24 h (group B) of setting. Material was irrigated with 17% EDTA solution with or without simultaneous ultrasonic activation. The surface characteristics and the chemical composition analysis of the Biodentine specimens were performed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method, respectively. The volumetric loss of material was measured by dedicated digital software in an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed. The EDS study confirmed that after the rinsing protocol, the percentage content of elements differed between the groups. The EDTA rinse, whether ultrasonically activated or not, visibly affected the surface appearance and chemical composition of Biodentine. The specimens’ surface subjected to irrigation was more irregular under SEM than in a control group. The US activation of the liquid amplified its impact on the tested material. The average volume loss in group A after 5 min irrigation was 3.98 µm3 for each µm2 of the chosen area and it increased up to 7.74 µm3/μm2 after the ultrasonic activation. In group B, indicated volume loss values were 6.30 and 11.70 µm3/μm2 for 5 min irrigation without and with US activation, respectively. Using a 20 min irrigation time and ultrasonic activation increased it up to 32.71 µm3/µm2. Each rinsing protocol involving irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid modified the surface features and the chemical composition of the evaluated hydraulic tricalcium silicate cement. Further research is needed to indicate the possible impact of the observed changes on its long-term clinical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials)
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14 pages, 8080 KiB  
Article
Implants Placed with a Ring Technique Using Inlay and Onlay Block Xenografts in the Mandible of Rabbits
by Naoki Kaneko, Samuel Porfirio Xavier, Kenzo Morinaga, Daniele Botticelli, Erick Ricardo Silva, Yasushi Nakajima and Shunsuke Baba
Materials 2023, 16(23), 7490; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16237490 - 3 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1274
Abstract
Background: Xenogenous bone has been proposed as an alternative to overcome the disadvantages of autogenous grafting. The aim of the present study was to study bone dynamics at inlay and onlay xenografts used for bone augmentation applying a ring technique. Methods: The bone [...] Read more.
Background: Xenogenous bone has been proposed as an alternative to overcome the disadvantages of autogenous grafting. The aim of the present study was to study bone dynamics at inlay and onlay xenografts used for bone augmentation applying a ring technique. Methods: The bone at the lateral surface of the mandibular angle of 12 adult male New Zealand White rabbits was exposed bilaterally. The cortical layer received multiple perforations on one side of the mandible, and a xenograft block of collagenated cancellous equine bone, 7 mm in diameter and 3 mm in width, was fixed on the prepared surface using an implant (onlay group). On the opposite side, a defect 7 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth was prepared, and the xenograft block was adapted to the defect and fixed with an implant (inlay group). Results: After ten weeks of healing, in the onlay grafts, new bone was mainly formed on the trabeculae surface, reaching in some specimens the most coronal regions of the block. In the inlay grafts, new bone was found arranged on the trabecular surfaces but also occupying the spaces among the trabeculae. The entrance of the defect was often found close to the top of the block by newly formed bone. A higher percentage of new bone was found in the inlay (19.0 ± 9.3%) compared to the onlay (10.4 ± 7.4%) groups (p = 0.031). The mean gain in osseointegration at the implant in relation to the base of the original 3 mm deep defect was 0.95 ± 1.05% in the onlay group and 0.78 ± 0.71% in the inlay group (p = 0.603). Conclusion: The inlay grafts exhibited a higher new bone percentage than the onlay block grafts possibly due to the defect conformation that presented more sources for bone growth. The trabecular conformation and the composition of the grafts made possible the expression of the osteoconductive properties of the material used. This resulted, in several specimens, in the growth of bone on the graft trabeculae toward the most superior regions in both groups and in the closure of the coronal entrance of the defects in the inlay group. The clinical relevance of this experiment is that the ring technique applied as an inlay method could be suitable for bone augmentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials)
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