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Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition)

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 7943

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cosmin Codrean

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Guest Editor

Mechanical Faculty, Politehnica University of Timşoara, Bd. MihaiViteazu Nr.1, 300222 Timişoara, Romania
Interests: processing and characterization of advanced materials; amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys; metals and alloys; welding and brazing of advanced materials
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Dr. Carmen Opriș

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Guest Editor Assistant

Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, 300222 Timişoara, Romania
Interests: advanced materials; material characterization; composite material; electron microscope; metal analysis alloys; biomedical alloys; materials engineering; materials testing; failure analysis

Dr. Anamaria Feier

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Guest Editor Assistant

Materials and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Politehnica University Timișoara, Bd. Mihai Viteazu Nr. 1, 300222 Timișoara, Romania
Interests: joining, manufacturing engineering; advanced welding and joining technologies; welding and joining of similar and dissimilar metals, additive manufacturing, metal-polymer hybrid joints, friction riveting, stress concentrations, fatigue

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent developments in the engineering industry require new and advanced materials with special properties. Welding and joining these new materials present a major challenge to engineers and technicians involved in product design and manufacturing. Therefore, new material research should be conducted hand in hand with work on weldability and joining capacity aspects, as well as the development of new welding techniques. At the same time, a better understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed or welded joints will provide useful information for material development activities both in conventional and new material areas.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians, and industrial professionals from all over the world to present their research results and development activities in the field of the welding and joining of both advanced and conventional engineering materials. You can view the first volume here: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials/special_issues/BG1CJRFSY4

For this Special Issue, research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

New joining technologies
Quality of welded joints and welded structures
Modeling and simulation of welding processes
Specific problems in advanced materials joining
Mechanical and structural characterization of advanced materials and joints
Engineering applications of surface coatings
Damage to metal and non-metal structures

Dr. Cosmin Codrean
Guest Editor

Dr. Carmen Opriș
Dr. Anamaria Feier
Guest Editor Assistants

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

joining technologies
welding process
quality of welded joints
modelling and simulation
advanced materials
microstructure
mechanical properties
surface coatings

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Related Special Issue

Advances in Welding Process and Materials in Materials (12 articles)

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 6244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Nitrogen on Microstructure and Properties of SDSS 2507 Weld Joints by Gas Focusing Plasma Arc Welding

by Tianqing Li, Kai Wang and Yucheng Lei

Materials 2024, 17(21), 5375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215375 - 3 Nov 2024

Viewed by 608

Abstract

Regulating the phase ratio between austenite and ferrite in welded joints is crucial for welding super duplex stainless steel. Nitrogen plays a significant role in maintaining an optimal phase ratio. In this study, the focusing gas channel of gas-focused plasma arc welding was utilized to introduce nitrogen into the arc plasma, which was then transferred to the weld pool. Experiments with and without nitrogen addition were designed and conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen on the microstructure and properties of SDSS 2507 weld joints. The results show that nitrogen addition increased the austenite content in the weld metal from 22.2% to 40.2%. Nitrogen also altered the microstructure of the austenite, changing it from thin grain boundary austenite and small intragranular austenite to a large volume of coarse, side-plate Widmanstätten austenite. The ferrite in the weld metal exhibited a preferred orientation during growth, while the austenite showed a disordered orientation. Additionally, the maximum texture intensity of the ferrite decreased with nitrogen addition. Nitrogen addition led to an increase in the microhardness of the austenite in the weld metal, attributed to the solid solution strengthening effect of nitrogen and increased dislocation tangling, while it decreased the microhardness of the ferrite. This study enhances the welding theory of 2507 super duplex stainless steel and guides the practical application of gas-focused plasma arc welding for 2507 super duplex stainless steel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition))

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15 pages, 7498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Lap Shear Performance of Resistance-Welded GF/PP Thermoplastic Composite by Modifying Metal Heating Elements with Silane Coupling Agent

by Wanling Long, Xinyu Zhou, Bing Du, Xiangrong Cheng, Guiyang Su and Liming Chen

Materials 2024, 17(20), 4944; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17204944 - 10 Oct 2024

Viewed by 516

Abstract

Thermoplastic composites are gaining widespread application in aerospace and other industries due to their superior durability, excellent damage resistance, and recyclability compared to thermosetting materials. This study aims to enhance the lap shear strength (LSS) of resistance-welded GF/PP (glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene) thermoplastic composites by modifying stainless steel mesh (SSM) heating elements using a silane coupling agent. The influence of oxidation temperature, solvent properties, and solution pH on the LSS of the welded joints was systematically evaluated. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the SSM surface and assess improvements in interfacial adhesion. The findings indicate that surface treatment promotes increased resin infiltration into the SSM, thereby enhancing the LSS of the resistance-welded joints. Treatment under optimal conditions (500 °C, ethanol solvent, and pH 11) improved LSS by 27.2% compared to untreated joints. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition))

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18 pages, 8716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Process Parameters on Welding Residual Stress of 316L Stainless Steel Pipe

by Xiaowei Jiang, Wenhui Wang, Chunguang Xu, Jingdong Li and Jiangquan Lu

Materials 2024, 17(10), 2201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102201 - 8 May 2024

Viewed by 1044

Abstract

316L stainless steel pipes are widely used in the storage and transportation of low-temperature media due to their excellent low-temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, due to their low thermal conductivity and large coefficient of linear expansion, they often lead to significant welding residual tensile stress and thermal cracks in the weld seam. This also poses many challenges for their secure and reliable applications. In order to effectively control the crack defects caused by stress concentration near the heat-affected zone of the weld, this paper establishes a thermal elastoplastic three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, constructs a welding heat source, and simulates and studies the influence of process parameters on the residual stress around the pipeline circumference and axial direction in the heat-affected zone. Comparison and verification were conducted using simulation and experimental methods, respectively, proving the rationality of the finite element model establishment. The axial and circumferential residual stress distribution obtained by the simulation method did not have an average deviation of more than 30 MPa from the numerical values obtained by the experimental method. This study also considers the effects of welding energy, welding speed, and welding start position on the pipe’s circumferential and axial residual stress laws. The results indicate that changes in welding energy and welding speed have almost no effect on the longitudinal residual stress but have a more significant effect on the transverse residual stress. The maximum transverse residual stress is reached at a welding energy of 1007.4~859.3 J/mm and a welding speed of 6.6 mm/s. Various interlayer arc-striking deflection angles can impact the cyclic phase angle of the transverse residual stress distribution in the seam center, but they do not alter its cyclic pattern. They do influence the amplitude and distribution of the longitudinal residual stress along the circumference. The residual stress distribution on the surface of the pipe fitting is homogenized and improved at 120°. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition))

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10 pages, 5749 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Effect of Welding Current on Corrosion Resistance of Heat-Affected Zones of HDR Duplex Stainless Steel

by Xin Liu, Yulong Hu and Nian Liu

Materials 2024, 17(9), 1986; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17091986 - 25 Apr 2024

Viewed by 755

Abstract

This paper examines the corrosion behavior of the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) of HDR (high chromium, duplex, corrosion-resistant) duplex stainless steel, which currently faces corrosion-related challenges in marine seawater systems. The corrosion behavior of the HAZ was studied using microstructure analysis, polarization curve experiments, and double-loop potentiodynamic reactivation experiments. The results show that (1) the covering welding current can promote the formation of austenite in the HAZ, and that the covering welding current has no strict correspondence with the formation of austenite; (2) increasing the welding gap properly can facilitate the formation of austenite; (3) increasing the covering welding current enhances the material’s pitting resistance, and a covering welding current of 70 A, coupled with a covering welding current of 100 A, represents a reasonable choice in terms of achieving a stronger pitting resistance; (4) in terms of intergranular corrosion resistance, increasing the covering welding current is not conducive to the intergranular corrosion resistance of the material, as the covering current will promote the precipitation of the secondary phase at the grain boundary, thus reducing its intergranular corrosion resistance; and (5) reducing the welding current appropriately contributes to improving the stability of the grain boundary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition))

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16 pages, 6304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Various Welding Methods on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316Ti Steel

by Piotr Noga, Tomasz Skrzekut, Maciej Wędrychowicz, Marek St. Węglowski and Marcel Wiewióra

Materials 2024, 17(7), 1681; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071681 - 6 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1214

Abstract

Austenitic stainless steels are very popular due to their high strength properties, ductility, excellent corrosion resistance and work hardening. This paper presents the test results for joining AISI 316Ti austenitic steel. The technologies used for joining were the most popular welding techniques such as TIG (welding with a non-consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases), MIG (welding with a consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases) as well as high-energy EBW welding (Electron Beam Welding) and plasma PAW (plasma welding). Microstructural examinations in the face, center and root areas of the weld revealed different contents of delta ferrite with skeletal or lathy ferrite morphology. Additionally, the presence of columnar grains at the fusion line and equiaxed grains in the center of the welds was found. Microstructural, X-ray and ferroscope tests showed the presence of different delta ferrite contents depending on the technology used. The highest content of delta ferrite was found in the TIG and PAW connectors, approximately 5%, and the lowest in the EBW connector, approximately 2%. Based on the tests carried out on the mechanical properties, it was found that the highest properties were achieved by the MIG joint (R_m, 616, R_p0.2 = 335 MPa), while the lowest were achieved by the PAW joint (R_m = 576, R_p0.2 = 315 MPa). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition))

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23 pages, 9320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tungsten Inert Gas Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Frame: Finite Element Simulation and Experiment

by Yang Hu, Weichi Pei, Hongchao Ji, Rongdi Yu and Shengqiang Liu

Materials 2024, 17(5), 1039; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051039 - 23 Feb 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1111

Abstract

In order to address the irregularity of the welding path in aluminum alloy frame joints, this study conducted a numerical simulation of free-path welding. It focuses on the application of the TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding process in aluminum alloy welding, specifically at the intersecting line nodes of welded bicycle frames. The welding simulation was performed on a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy frame. Using a custom heat source subroutine written in Fortran language and integrated into the ABAQUS environment, a detailed numerical simulation study was conducted. The distribution of key fields during the welding process, such as temperature, equivalent stress, and post-weld deformation, were carefully analyzed. Building upon this analysis, the thin-walled TIG welding process was optimized using the response surface method, resulting in the identification of the best welding parameters: a welding current of 240 A, a welding voltage of 20 V, and a welding speed of 11 mm/s. These optimal parameters were successfully implemented in actual welding production, yielding excellent welding results in terms of forming quality. Through experimentation, it was confirmed that the welded parts were completely formed under the optimized process parameters and met the required product standards. Consequently, this research provides valuable theoretical and technical guidance for aluminum alloy bicycle frame welding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition))

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Review

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16 pages, 4739 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Welding Process for UNS S32750 Super Duplex Stainless Steel

by Tianqing Li, Kai Wang and Yucheng Lei

Materials 2024, 17(21), 5215; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215215 - 26 Oct 2024

Viewed by 625

Abstract

Super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750 is widely used in marine industries, pulp and paper industries, and the offshore oil and gas industry. Welding manufacturing is one of the main manufacturing processes to make material into products in the above fields. It is of great importance to obtain high-quality welded UNS S32750 joints. The austenite content and ferrite content in UNS S32750 play an important role in determining UNS S32750 properties such as mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, the phase proportion between the ferrite phase and austenite phase in the welded joint will be changed during welding. Lots of research has been done on how to weld UNS S32750 and how to obtain welded joints with good quality. In this work, the recent studies on welding UNS S32750 are categorized based on the welding process. The welding process for UNS S32750 will be classified as gas tungsten arc welding, submerged arc welding, plasma arc welding, laser beam welding, electron beam welding, friction stir welding, and laser-MIG hybrid welding, and each will be reviewed in turn. The microstructure and properties of the joints welded using different welding processes will also be discussed. The critical challenge of balancing the two phases of austenite and ferrite in UNS S32750 welded joints will be discussed. This review about the welding process for UNS S32750 will provide people in the welding field with some advice on welding UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Process and Materials (2nd Edition))

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