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Modeling and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 4318

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhihua Xiong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Interests: composite bridges; rapid evaluation of the structural status of bridge structures; safety evaluation; reinforcement of lifeline engineering structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Haohui Xin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: fiber-reinforced polymer composites; 3D-printed steel; multiscale analysis; failure and fatigue evaluation of steel and composite structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Composite materials and structures are widely applied in civil engineering, such as in bridges, buildings, pipelines, etc. The modeling and analysis of these materials and structures are vital for their integrity and performance evaluation. In terms of composite materials, the fracture, size effect and other mechanical properties are evaluated both via experiments and numeric analyses. At the same time, with respect to the infrastructures such as bridges and pipelines, the integrity and seismic risk are usually evaluated using numeric approaches. This Special Issue explores the latest research in the modeling and analysis of composite materials and structures in civil engineering, including FRP, cement materials, steel–concrete composite structures, bridges, buildings, pipelines and their related integrity and risk analysis.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Applied Sciences.

Dr. Zhihua Xiong
Prof. Dr. Haohui Xin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • strength
  • damage
  • fatigue
  • numeric modeling
  • structural performance
  • risk
  • machine learning
  • bridge
  • FRP
  • composite structures

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2014 KiB  
Article
Study on Dynamic Strength Characteristics of Sand Solidified by Enzyme-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (EICP)
by Gang Li, Xueqing Hua, Jia Liu, Yao Zhang and Yu Li
Materials 2024, 17(20), 4976; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17204976 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 562
Abstract
Saturated sand foundations are susceptible to liquefaction under dynamic loads. This can result in roadbed subsidence, flotation of underground structures, and other engineering failures. Compared with the traditional foundation reinforcement technology, enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology (EICP) is a green environmental protection reinforcement [...] Read more.
Saturated sand foundations are susceptible to liquefaction under dynamic loads. This can result in roadbed subsidence, flotation of underground structures, and other engineering failures. Compared with the traditional foundation reinforcement technology, enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology (EICP) is a green environmental protection reinforcement technology. The EICP technology can use enzymes to induce calcium carbonate to cement soil particles and fill soil pores, thus effectively improving soil strength and inhibiting sand liquefaction damage. The study takes EICP-solidified standard sand as the research object and, through the dynamic triaxial test, analyzes the influence of different confining pressure (σ3) cementation times (CT), cyclic stress ratio (CSR), dry density (ρd), and vibration frequency (f) on dynamic strength characteristics. Then, a modified dynamic strength model of EICP-solidified standard sand was established. The results show that, under the same confining pressure, the required vibration number for failure decreases with the increase in dynamic strength, and the dynamic strength increases with the rise in dry density. At the same number of cyclic vibrations, the greater the confining pressure and cementation times, the greater the dynamic strength. When the cementation times are constant, the dynamic strength of EICP-solidified sand decreases with the increase in the vibration number. When cementation times are 6, the dynamic strength of the specimens with CSR of 0.35 is 25.9% and 32.4% higher than those with CSR of 0.25 and 0.30, respectively. The predicted results show that the model can predict the measured values well, which fully verifies the applicability of the model. The research results can provide a reference for liquefaction prevention in sand foundations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering)
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16 pages, 3863 KiB  
Article
Study on Pore Water Pressure Model of EICP-Solidified Sand under Cyclic Loading
by Gang Li, Yu Li, Xueqing Hua, Jia Liu, Shasha Yang and Yao Zhang
Materials 2024, 17(19), 4800; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17194800 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 580
Abstract
Under traffic load, earthquake load, and wave load, saturated sand foundation is prone to liquefaction, and foundation reinforcement is the key measure to improve its stability and liquefaction resistance. Traditional foundation treatment methods have many problems, such as high cost, long construction period, [...] Read more.
Under traffic load, earthquake load, and wave load, saturated sand foundation is prone to liquefaction, and foundation reinforcement is the key measure to improve its stability and liquefaction resistance. Traditional foundation treatment methods have many problems, such as high cost, long construction period, and environmental pollution. As a new solidification method, enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) technology has the advantages of economy, environmental protection, and durability. Through a triaxial consolidated undrained shear test under cyclic loading, the impacts of confining pressure (σ3), cementation number (Pc), cyclic stress ratio (CSR), initial dry density (ρd), and vibration frequency (f) on the development law of pore water pressure of EICP-solidified sand are analyzed and then a pore water pressure model suitable for EICP-solidified sand is established. The result shows that as σ3 and CSR increase, the rise rate of pore water pressure of solidified sand gradually accelerates, and with a lower vibration number required for liquefaction, the anti-liquefaction ability of solidified sand gradually weakens. However, as Pc, ρd, and f rise, the increase rate of pore water pressure of solidified sand gradually lowers, the vibration number required for liquefaction increases correspondingly, and its liquefaction resistance gradually increases. The test results are highly consistent with the predictive results, which show that the three-parameter unified pore water pressure model is suitable for describing the development law of A-type and B-type pore water pressure of EICP-solidified sand at the same time. The study results provide essential reference value and scientific significance in guidance for preventing sand foundations from liquefying. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering)
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18 pages, 3954 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Rock Unloading Strength Based on PSO-XGBoost Hybrid Models
by Baohua Liu, Hang Lin, Yifan Chen and Chaoyi Yang
Materials 2024, 17(17), 4214; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174214 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 733
Abstract
Rock excavation is essentially an unloading behavior, and its mechanical properties are significantly different from those under loading conditions. In response to the current deficiencies in the peak strength prediction of rocks under unloading conditions, this study proposes a hybrid learning model for [...] Read more.
Rock excavation is essentially an unloading behavior, and its mechanical properties are significantly different from those under loading conditions. In response to the current deficiencies in the peak strength prediction of rocks under unloading conditions, this study proposes a hybrid learning model for the intelligent prediction of the unloading strength of rocks using simple parameters in rock unloading tests. The XGBoost technique was used to construct a model, and the PSO-XGBoost hybrid model was developed by employing particle swarm optimization (PSO) to refine the XGBoost parameters for better prediction. In order to verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed hybrid model, 134 rock sample sets containing various common rock types in rock excavation were collected from international and Chinese publications for the purpose of modeling, and the rock unloading strength prediction results were compared with those obtained by the Random Forest (RF) model, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, the XGBoost (XGBoost) model, and the Grid Search Method-based XGBoost (GS-XGBoost) model. Meanwhile, five statistical indicators, including the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE), were calculated to check the acceptability of these models from a quantitative perspective. A review of the comparison results revealed that the proposed PSO-XGBoost hybrid model provides a better performance than the others in predicting rock unloading strength. Finally, the importance of the effect of each input feature on the generalization performance of the hybrid model was assessed. The insights garnered from this research offer a substantial reference for tunnel excavation design and other representative projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering)
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17 pages, 9791 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Life Prediction Model of FRP–Concrete Interface Based on Gene Expression Programming
by Zhimei Zhang and Yinglong Huo
Materials 2024, 17(3), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030690 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 834
Abstract
Under fatigue loading, the interfacial fatigue life of fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)–concrete is an important index for the analysis of the fatigue performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP materials and the evaluation of the reinforcement effect. To solve the problems of the inconsistent [...] Read more.
Under fatigue loading, the interfacial fatigue life of fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)–concrete is an important index for the analysis of the fatigue performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP materials and the evaluation of the reinforcement effect. To solve the problems of the inconsistent and limited accuracy of existing fatigue life prediction models, gene expression programming (GEP) was used to study the interfacial fatigue life of FRP–concrete. Firstly, 219 sets of interfacial fatigue test data were collected, which included two kinds of reinforcement methods, namely, externally bonded (EB) reinforcement and near-surface-mounted (NSM) reinforcement; secondly, Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the key factors affecting the fatigue life, and then GEP was used to explore the influence of different input forms on the prediction accuracy of the model. Fatigue life calculation formulas applicable to the two kinds of reinforcement methods, i.e., EB and NSM, were established, and a specific calculation formula was established. The model was subjected to parameter sensitivity analysis and variable importance analysis and was found to reflect the intrinsic relationship between the fatigue life and various factors. Finally, the GEP model was compared with the models proposed by other researchers. Five statistical indices, such as the coefficient of determination and the average absolute error, were selected to assess the model, and the results show that the GEP model has higher prediction accuracy than other models, with a coefficient of determination of 0.819, and indicators such as the average absolute error are also lower than those of the rest of the models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering)
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17 pages, 6198 KiB  
Article
Determining Compressed Concrete Element Limit States Based on the Widths and Depths of Cracks Caused by Transverse Deformations
by Iakov Iskhakov, Ilya Frolov and Yuri Ribakov
Materials 2024, 17(2), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020355 - 10 Jan 2024
Viewed by 816
Abstract
In the modern theory of compressed concrete elements, the most attention is paid to longitudinal deformations, whereas transverse ones are rarely considered and just within Poisson’s coefficient limits (i.e., elastic concrete behavior in the transverse direction). However, transverse deformations significantly develop beyond the [...] Read more.
In the modern theory of compressed concrete elements, the most attention is paid to longitudinal deformations, whereas transverse ones are rarely considered and just within Poisson’s coefficient limits (i.e., elastic concrete behavior in the transverse direction). However, transverse deformations significantly develop beyond the limits corresponding to Poisson’s coefficient, where they lead to longitudinal crack initiation and development. In-depth experimental and numerical investigations of transverse deformations in the inelastic stage showed that it is necessary to consider crack propagation. The present study proposes simultaneous consideration of longitudinal and transverse deformations, as well as the appearance of cracks and their widths and depths. This allowed us to obtain a complete compressed concrete element behavior pattern at all performance stages in two types of limit states (based on longitudinal and transverse deformations). Consequently, new ultimate limit states by the depth and width of cracks caused by transverse deformations are proposed to be included in modern design practices and codes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering)
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