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Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Regeneration 2020
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Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Regeneration 2020

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 8882

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Byung-Jae Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor of Veterinary Orthopedic and Neurosurgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Interests: orthopedics; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; mesenchymal stem cells; growth factors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone regeneration is a complex physiological process of bone formation. Despite the regenerative capacity of bone, bone defects resulting from trauma, tumor resection, non-union fracture, and infections cannot heal spontaneously and remain a clinical challenge. For these reasons, effective bone regeneration techniques using biomaterials are required.

Bone tissue engineering aims to improve bone tissue regeneration through the synergy of cells, signals, and scaffolds. Biomaterials such as polymers, ceramics, metals, and their composites can function as delivery carriers or scaffolds for cells and growth factors. To accelerate normal bone healing, researchers have developed injectable formulations for minimally invasive applications and novel carriers for sustained local delivery of cytokines. Further, in the case of large bone defects, a 3D-printed bone scaffold combined with cells or growth factors can be applied as a bone graft substitute. Therefore, there is a need to advance mechanical properties and biocompatibility for bone biomaterials to promote cell adhesion, growth and differentiation, vascularization, and bone-tissue formation.

This Special Issue addresses the properties and applications of novel biomaterials to enhance bone regeneration. Submitted manuscripts may include in vitro and in vivo studies of biomaterials and controlled clinical trials. It is my great pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full research articles, short communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Byung-Jae Kang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Biomaterials
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Tissue engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Bone defects
  • Delivery carrier
  • Mesenchymal stem cells
  • Growth factors
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 8961 KiB  
Article
Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 through Alginate Microbeads Enhances Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Tibial Metaphyseal Defect Model
by Junhyung Kim, Seoyun Lee, Yonghyun Choi, Jonghoon Choi and Byung-Jae Kang
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102600 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3006
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is widely used to enhance bone regeneration. However, because of its short half-life and rapid disappearance, large amounts of BMP-2 are needed, leading to unintended side effects. In this study, BMP-2-encapsulated alginate microbeads (AM) were used to enhance bone [...] Read more.
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is widely used to enhance bone regeneration. However, because of its short half-life and rapid disappearance, large amounts of BMP-2 are needed, leading to unintended side effects. In this study, BMP-2-encapsulated alginate microbeads (AM) were used to enhance bone regeneration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the sustained release of BMP-2 from AM. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-adsorbing aptamer-conjugated hydroxyapatite (Apt-HA) was used for osteoconduction and dual delivery of VEGF and BMP-2. For in vivo bone regeneration evaluation, the grafts (1) Apt-HA + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (2) Apt-HA + AM without BMP-2, (3) Apt-HA + BMP-2, and (4) Apt-HA + AM encapsulated with BMP-2 were implanted into rabbit tibial metaphyseal defects. After four weeks, micro-computed tomography (CT), histological, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate bone regeneration. The Apt-HA + AM with BMP-2 group revealed a significantly higher new bone volume and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in both cortical and trabecular bone than the others. Furthermore, as evaluated by histomorphometric analysis, BMP-2 AM exhibited a significantly higher bone formation area than the others, indicating that AM could be used to efficiently deliver BMP-2 through sustained release. Moreover, the combined application of BMP-2-encapsulated Apt-HA + AM may effectively promote bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Regeneration 2020)
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13 pages, 2517 KiB  
Article
Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats
by Mohammed Badwelan, Mohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Abeer Ahmed, Sundar Ramalingam and Ali Alrahlah
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2384; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092384 - 3 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2322
Abstract
Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite scaffold. Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/poly(δ-valerolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAV/β-TCP) composite scaffolds showed promising in vitro results. This study evaluated the bone regenerative potential of PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite scaffolds in standardized calvarial defects in a rat model over [...] Read more.
Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite scaffold. Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/poly(δ-valerolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAV/β-TCP) composite scaffolds showed promising in vitro results. This study evaluated the bone regenerative potential of PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite scaffolds in standardized calvarial defects in a rat model over 4 and 10 weeks. Bilateral calvarial defects (5 mm in diameter and about 1.5 mm thick, equivalent to the thickness of the calvaria) were created in 40 male Wistar albino rats. The defects were grafted with either commercially available β-TCP (positive control), PEVAV/β-TCP 70, or PEVAV/β-TCP 50, or left empty (negative control), depending on the group to which the animal was randomly assigned, to be covered before flap closure with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM). At 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery, the collected rat calvaria were evaluated using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, to assess the newly formed bone volume (NFBV), newly formed bone mineral density (NFBMD), and remaining graft volume (RGV). The results showed that calvarial defects grafted with the PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite exhibited higher NFBV than did control defects, both at 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery. Furthermore, calvarial defects grafted with PEVAV/β-TCP 70 showed the highest NFBV among all grafting conditions, with a statistically significant difference recorded at 10 weeks post-surgery. The PEVAV/β-TCP composite scaffold showed potentiality for the regeneration of critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Regeneration 2020)
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16 pages, 4081 KiB  
Article
Functionalization of Polycaprolactone Electrospun Osteoplastic Scaffolds with Fluorapatite and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Biocompatibility Comparison of Human Versus Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Khrystyna Malysheva, Konrad Kwaśniak, Iaroslav Gnilitskyi, Adriana Barylyak, Viktor Zinchenko, Amir Fahmi, Olexandr Korchynskyi and Yaroslav Bobitski
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1333; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061333 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2821
Abstract
A capability for effective tissue reparation is a living requirement for all multicellular organisms. Bone exits as a precisely orchestrated balance of bioactivities of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. The main feature of osteoblasts is their capability to produce massive extracellular [...] Read more.
A capability for effective tissue reparation is a living requirement for all multicellular organisms. Bone exits as a precisely orchestrated balance of bioactivities of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. The main feature of osteoblasts is their capability to produce massive extracellular matrix enriched with calcium phosphate minerals. Hydroxyapatite and its composites represent the most common form of bone mineral providing mechanical strength and significant osteoinductive properties. Herein, hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite functionalized composite scaffolds based on electrospun polycaprolactone have been successfully fabricated. Physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of generated matrices have been validated. Both the hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite containing polycaprolactone composite scaffolds demonstrated good biocompatibility towards mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, the presence of both hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite nanoparticles increased scaffolds’ wettability. Furthermore, incorporation of fluorapatite nanoparticles enhanced the ability of the composite scaffolds to interact and support the mesenchymal stem cells attachment to their surfaces as compared to hydroxyapatite enriched composite scaffolds. The study of osteoinductive properties showed the capacity of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite containing composite scaffolds to potentiate the stimulation of early stages of mesenchymal stem cells’ osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, polycaprolactone based composite scaffolds functionalized with fluorapatite nanoparticles generates a promising platform for future bone tissue engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Regeneration 2020)
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