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Current and Future Trends in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
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Current and Future Trends in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 3801

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Nowinska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: materials charakterization; materials recycling; atomic emission spectroscopy analysis; biomaterials; metal implants; nonferrous metals recovery; mineralurgy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mineral processing is a branch of science and technology that deals with processing natural and synthetic mineral materials and associated liquids, solutions, and gases to give them desirable properties. It is part of the technological sciences, although it includes elements derived from other fields of knowledge, particularly the natural sciences. Mineral processing is based on separation processes and involves the execution and description of separations and their analysis, evaluation, and comparison. Mineral processing, together with metallurgy, constitutes extractive metallurgy. Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgy that deals with the processing of minerals and concentrates to recover their contained metal values.

This Special Issue will focus on topics that include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Mineral properties and utilization;
  • The extraction, separation, and purification of minerals and metals;
  • The post-treatment of effluents and tailings;
  • The processing of advanced materials via pyro- and hydro-metallurgical routes.

Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Nowinska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mineral processing
  • extractive metallurgy
  • hydro-metallurgy
  • pyro-metallurgy
  • utilization
  • mineral properties

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3117 KiB  
Article
Surface Tension of Cu-Ti Alloys and Wettability in a Liquid Alloy–Refractory Material-Gaseous Phase System
by Katarzyna Nowinska, Grzegorz Siwiec, Tomasz Matula, Alphonce Wikedzi, Beata Oleksiak, Jaroslaw Piatkowski, Tomasz Merder and Mariola Saternus
Materials 2024, 17(19), 4786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17194786 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 624
Abstract
The study involved measurements of surface tension of liquid binary copper-titanium alloys with respect to their chemical composition and temperature as well as investigations of the liquid alloy–refractory material-gaseous phase system wettability using usual refractory materials, i.e., graphite, aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide. [...] Read more.
The study involved measurements of surface tension of liquid binary copper-titanium alloys with respect to their chemical composition and temperature as well as investigations of the liquid alloy–refractory material-gaseous phase system wettability using usual refractory materials, i.e., graphite, aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide. The experiments were performed with the use of the sessile drop method and a high-temperature microscope coupled with a camera and a computer. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of titanium content in the Cu-Ti alloy on the surface tension and contact angle at the interface between the liquid alloy and the refractory material. The influence of temperature on these parameters was also examined. The tests were carried out for copper-titanium alloys with a maximum content of 1.5% wt. Ti, in the temperature range of 1373 to 1573 K. The test results indicate that as the titanium content in the alloy increases, its surface tension increases slightly. However, an increase in temperature causes a decrease in the surface tension of the alloys. In the case of an alloy containing 1.5% wt. Ti, surface tension at a temperature of 1373 K reaches 1351 mN∙m−1, and at a temperature of 1573 K, it decreases to 1315 mN∙m−1. As the temperature and titanium content in the alloy increase, a decrease in the contact angle is observed. The highest values of contact angles were recorded in the case of contact of the liquid alloy with graphite. For an alloy containing 0.1% wt. Ti at a temperature of 1373 K, the contact angle reaches 132°, while at a temperature of 1573 K, it decreases to 128°. For an alloy containing 1.5% wt. Ti, the values of contact angles are 100° and 96°, respectively. However, the contact angles have the lowest values for magnesium oxide. In the case of a temperature of 1573 K and an alloy containing 1.5% wt. Ti, the contact angle reaches 49°. Such a significant impact of titanium content on the contact angles may be due to its high affinity for oxygen (contact with a substrate made of Al2O3 and MgO and its reactivity with carbon (contact with graphite). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
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21 pages, 6750 KiB  
Article
Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Ash from Lignite Combustion in Polish Power Plants
by Zdzisław Adamczyk, Joanna Komorek, Magdalena Kokowska-Pawłowska and Jacek Nowak
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4477; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184477 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 571
Abstract
Rare earth elements are an essential critical raw material in the development of modern technologies and are highly sensitive to both supply chain disruptions and market turbulence. The presented study examines the characteristics of fuel, fly ash, and bottom ash from lignite combustion [...] Read more.
Rare earth elements are an essential critical raw material in the development of modern technologies and are highly sensitive to both supply chain disruptions and market turbulence. The presented study examines the characteristics of fuel, fly ash, and bottom ash from lignite combustion in power plant units. Also, we attempted to determine the amount of amorphous glass in the ashes and whether and to what extent the glass from the ash samples is bound to REY. The suitability of the ash was assessed as an alternative source of REY. The fuel and ash samples were acquired from power plants in Poland. The tests determined the fuel quality parameters, including the chemical and phase composition, of amorphous glass using ICP-MS and XRD methods, respectively. The study showed that all ash samples dissolved in 4% HF were enriched in REY. The efficiency of REY enrichment varied, and its presence in the residue samples was found to be in similar proportions compared to the raw sample. All ash residue samples were enriched in critical elements. The obtained values of the Coutl prospective coefficient allowed for the classification of some of the analyzed ashes and their residues after dissolution in 4% HF as prospective REY raw materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
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20 pages, 3750 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Potential of Rare Earth Elements in Bottom Ash from Coal Combustion in Poland
by Zdzisław Adamczyk, Joanna Komorek, Barbara Białecka and Jacek Nowak
Materials 2024, 17(17), 4323; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174323 - 31 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1011
Abstract
The aim of the research was to assess the potential of bottom ash from Polish coal-fired power plants as an alternative source of rare earth elements (REY). The potential of these ashes was compared with fly ash from the same coal combustion cycle. [...] Read more.
The aim of the research was to assess the potential of bottom ash from Polish coal-fired power plants as an alternative source of rare earth elements (REY). The potential of these ashes was compared with fly ash from the same coal combustion cycle. The phase and chemical composition, as well as REY, were determined using: X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The tested ashes were classified as inert-low pozzolanic and inert-medium pozzolanic, as well as sialic and ferrosialic, with enrichment in detrital material. The phase and chemical composition of bottom ash was similar to fly ash from the same fuel combustion cycle. The REY content in the ash was 199–286 ppm and was lower than the average for global deposits, and the threshold value was considered profitable for recovery from coal. Bottom ash’s importance as a potential source of REY will increase by recovering these metals from separated amorphous glass and mullite and grains rich in Al, Mg, K, and P. The industrial value of bottom ash as an alternative source of REY was similar to fly ash from the same fuel combustion cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
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20 pages, 4483 KiB  
Article
Modern Rare Earth Imprinted Membranes for the Recovery of Rare Earth Metal Ions from Coal Fly Ash Extracts
by Aleksandra Rybak, Aurelia Rybak, Sławomir Boncel, Anna Kolanowska, Agata Jakóbik-Kolon, Joanna Bok-Badura and Waldemar Kaszuwara
Materials 2024, 17(13), 3087; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133087 - 24 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1108
Abstract
The need to identify secondary sources of REEs and their recovery has led to the search for new methods and materials. In this study, a novel type of ion-imprinted adsorption membranes based on modified chitosan was synthesized. Their application for the recovery of [...] Read more.
The need to identify secondary sources of REEs and their recovery has led to the search for new methods and materials. In this study, a novel type of ion-imprinted adsorption membranes based on modified chitosan was synthesized. Their application for the recovery of chosen REEs from synthetic coal fly ash extracts was analyzed. The examined membranes were analyzed in terms of adsorption kinetics, isotherms, selectivity, reuse, and their separation abilities. The experimental data obtained were analyzed with two applications, namely, REE 2.0 and REE_isotherm. It was found that the adsorption of Nd3+ and Y3+ ions in the obtained membranes took place according to the chemisorption mechanism and was significantly controlled by film diffusion. The binding sites on the adsorbent surface were uniformly distributed; the examined ions showed the features of regular monolayer adsorption; and the adsorbents showed a strong affinity to the REE ions. The high values of Kd (900–1472.8 mL/g) demonstrate their high efficiency in the recovery of REEs. After five subsequent adsorption–desorption processes, approximately 85% of the value of one cycle was reached. The synthesized membranes showed a high rejection of the matrix components (Na, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, and Si) in the extracts of the coal fly ashes, and the retention ratio for these Nd and Y ions was 90.11% and 80.95%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
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