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Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry
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Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 14209

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefano Corbella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano–Dental Clinic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
Interests: implant dentistry; peri-implant diseases; biomaterials; bone regeneration; evidence-based dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Silvio Taschieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano – Dental Clinic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
2. Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
Interests: implant dentistry; oral surgery; bone augmentation; peri-implantitis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Implant dentistry is among the most widespread clinical practices in dentistry and has undergone a significant development in recent years and, ultimately, since its inception. Such improvements are strictly linked to advances in dental implant materials, not only intended for the materials that constitute the body of the dental implants and the prosthetic components but also the biomaterials and materials in general that have an application in bone regeneration procedures and during surgical intervention. These significant developments in material sciences and biomaterials could be of outstanding importance in identifying new applications in implant dentistry, with the aim of substantially improving biocompatibility, the prevention of biological and technical complications, and the regenerative potential of our procedures.

This Special Issue, entitled “Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry”, aims to collect the most up to date and innovative scientific papers (case reports/case series, prospective studies, retrospective studies, narrative reviews, or systematic reviews of the literature) in the field of materials involved in implant dentistry.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Synthesis and production of dental materials;
  • Implant surface and body characteristics;
  • Biomaterials in implant dentistry;
  • Biomaterials for bone regeneration: growth factors, bone substitutes, and stem cells;
  • Materials involved in implant dentistry surgical procedures;
  • The implant–abutment connection;
  • The biological response to dental implants: diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant diseases;
  • Adverse reactions to dental implants materials;
  • Local and systemic risk factors involved in biological response to dental implants.

Dr. Stefano Corbella
Dr. Silvio Taschieri
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • materials in implant dentistry
  • peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis
  • bone regeneration
  • growth factors
  • stem cells
  • scaffold for bone regeneration
  • biomaterials
  • implant–abutment connection
  • implant surface materials
  • materials for dental implant prosthetics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5739 KiB  
Article
Different Conical Angle Connection of Implant and Abutment Behavior: A Static and Dynamic Load Test and Finite Element Analysis Study
by Győző Körtvélyessy, Árpád László Szabó, István Pelsőczi-Kovács, Tamás Tarjányi, Zsolt Tóth, Krisztina Kárpáti, Danica Matusovits, Botond Dávid Hangyási and Zoltán Baráth
Materials 2023, 16(5), 1988; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051988 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3662
Abstract
Dental implants are artificial dental roots anchoring prosthetic restorations to replace natural teeth. Dental implant systems may have different tapered conical connections. Our research focused on the mechanical examination of implant–superstructure connections. Thirty-five samples with 5 different cone angles (24°, 35°, 55°, 75°, [...] Read more.
Dental implants are artificial dental roots anchoring prosthetic restorations to replace natural teeth. Dental implant systems may have different tapered conical connections. Our research focused on the mechanical examination of implant–superstructure connections. Thirty-five samples with 5 different cone angles (24°, 35°, 55°, 75°, and 90°) were tested for static and dynamic loads, carried out by a mechanical fatigue testing machine. Fixing screws were fixed with a torque of 35 Ncm before measurements. For static loading, samples were loaded with a force of 500 N in 20 s. For dynamic loading, the samples were loaded for 15,000 cycles with a force of 250 ± 150 N. In both cases, the compression resulting from load and reverse torque was examined. At the highest compression load of the static tests, a significant difference (p = 0.021) was found for each cone angle group. Following dynamic loading, significant differences (p < 0.001) for the reverse torques of the fixing screw were also shown. Static and dynamic results showed a similar trend: under the same loading conditions, changing the cone angle—which determines the relationship between the implant and the abutment—had led to significant differences in the loosening of the fixing screw. In conclusion, the greater the angle of the implant–superstructure connection, the smaller the screw loosening due to loading, which may have considerable effects on the long-term, safe operation of the dental prosthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry)
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21 pages, 104426 KiB  
Article
Roughness and SEM Analysis of Manual and Ultrasonic Instrumentation over Different Crown Materials for Dental Implants Restorations
by Domenico Baldi, Jacopo Colombo, Paola Gavoglio, Luisa De Giorgis, Franco Motta, Andrea Lugas, Enrico Lertora and Gianmario Schierano
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031159 - 2 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2063
Abstract
The use of new prosthetic materials makes it necessary to establish adequate hygienic protocols. It was decided to make prosthetic crowns from four different materials: composite, lithium disilicate, metal ceramic, and zirconium, and to evaluate the effects on the surfaces of four different [...] Read more.
The use of new prosthetic materials makes it necessary to establish adequate hygienic protocols. It was decided to make prosthetic crowns from four different materials: composite, lithium disilicate, metal ceramic, and zirconium, and to evaluate the effects on the surfaces of four different instruments through SEM and roughness analysis: manual steel curette, manual titanium curette, ultrasonic steel insert, and ultrasonic peek insert. Forty crowns were made, ten of each type of material. For each material, five crowns were manually instrumented with steel inserts (curette 11-12, PDT, Missoula, MT, USA) and titanium (Wingrove 3-4, PDT, Missoula, MT, USA) on the lingual and buccal surfaces, respectively, and the other five crowns were instrumented with an ultrasonic peek insert (ICS-IC1, Mectron, Carasco, Italy) on the buccal surface and steel (PS, EMS, Nyon, Switzerland) on the lingual surface. At this point, surface roughness analysis was carried out. The data were analyzed with a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Therefore, it was decided to conduct two analyses with a Kruskal–Wallis test and Bonferroni post hoc test. Then, the instrumented crowns were analyzed by SEM. The analysis of the data shows that the highest average roughness was within the composite group, while the best material appeared to be disilicate. Significant differences existed between the groups, between the materials, and between the different instruments (p-value < 0.05). In the qualitative analysis carried out by SEM, the classic steel insert eliminated the residues of golden finishing. The peek insert created alterations on all tested surfaces. The steel curette did not create particular problems, with the exception of zirconium, where it was possible to observe some scratch lines. Instrumentation with the titanium curette created deeper incisions than the steel curette in the composite and disilicate. The best results came from the ultrasonic steel insert, while the best material appeared to be disilicate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry)
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12 pages, 2025 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Disinfection Potential of Q-Switch Nd: YAG Laser on Contaminated Titanium Implant Surfaces
by Melanie Namour, Marwan El Mobadder, Baudouin Mulongo, Olivier Fagnart, Assaf Harb, André Peremans, Tim Verspecht, Wim Teughels, Samir Nammour and Eric Rompen
Materials 2021, 14(20), 6078; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206078 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
Peri-implantitis (PI) is a relatively frequent pathology that compromises the overall survival of the dental implant. Adjunctive approaches for the conventional mechanical debridement are being suggested to optimize the treatment of PI. The goal of the study was the assessment of the disinfection [...] Read more.
Peri-implantitis (PI) is a relatively frequent pathology that compromises the overall survival of the dental implant. Adjunctive approaches for the conventional mechanical debridement are being suggested to optimize the treatment of PI. The goal of the study was the assessment of the disinfection potential of the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser on contaminated titanium implant surfaces. A total of 72 sterile titanium discs were used and divided into three groups: 24 contaminated titanium discs treated with the laser (study Group L), 24 contaminated titanium discs with no treatment (control 1—Group C), and 24 sterile titanium discs with no treatment (control 2—Group S). Multi-species biofilm was used: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Prevotella intermedia. Commensal bacteria were included also: Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Veillonella parvula. Parameters delivered per pulse on the targeted surfaces of the titanium discs were an energy density of 0.597 J/cm2 each pulse, a pulse power of 270 mW, a laser beam spot of 2.4 mm in diameter, and a rate of repetition of 10 Hertz (Hz) for a pulse duration of 6 nanoseconds (ns). The mode was no contact, and a distance of 500 micrometers was used with a total time of irradiation equal to 2 s (s). The collection of microbiological samples was made for all groups; colony-forming units (CFU) were identified by two different practitioners, and the average of their examinations was considered for each sample. The average of the TBC (CFU/mL) was calculated for each group. Values were 0.000 CFU/mL, 4767 CFU/mL, and 0.000 CFU/mL for Group L, Group C, and Group S, respectively. Therefore, the suggested treatment protocol was able to provoke a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces. A statistical difference was only found between Group L vs. Group C and between Group S vs. Group C. The difference was not significant between Group S and Group L. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser under our specific conditions can provide a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry)
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10 pages, 2925 KiB  
Article
Healing of Post-Extraction Sockets Filled with Anorganic Bovine Bone and Covered with a Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix. Radiological 2D and 3D Results of a Pilot Study to Assess Dimensional Stability
by Tiziano Testori, Matteo Antonio Deflorian, Federico Mandelli, Giulia Attardo, Carlo Maiorana, Massimo Del Fabbro and Raffaele Vinci
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102473 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1987
Abstract
Analysis of short-term results regarding dimensional stability of post-extraction sockets managed via a preservation protocol using deproteinized bovine bone matrix and a xenogeneic collagen matrix. Materials and methods Fifteen patients needing extraction of one single-rooted premolar tooth were treated in a pilot study. [...] Read more.
Analysis of short-term results regarding dimensional stability of post-extraction sockets managed via a preservation protocol using deproteinized bovine bone matrix and a xenogeneic collagen matrix. Materials and methods Fifteen patients needing extraction of one single-rooted premolar tooth were treated in a pilot study. Five patients were treated in each centre. After tooth extraction, sockets were filled with anorganic bovine bone matrix and covered with a xenogeneic collagen matrix. Six months later, implants were placed. Dimensional changes in the treated sites were digitally evaluated using the best-fit superimposition of pre-and post-socket preservation models. Results After six months of healing, the vertical reduction of the grafted sites was 0.31 ± 0.24 mm (p < 0.001). Volumetric analysis of superimposed models showed an average palatal-lingual contraction of 0.33 ± 0.51 mm3 (p = 0.02). At the vestibular level, the average contraction was found to be 0.8 ± 0.3 mm3 (p < 0.001). Finally, the analysis of linear variations in the treated sites on a single sagittal section at the crystal level, and at 3 and 7 mm apically respect to the crest, both towards the vestibule and palate, generally showed more marked resorption at the crestal level compared to apical measurements. Conclusion: The clinical protocol herein employed for socket preservation showed a positive effect in preventing the physiological post-extraction remodeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry)
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Review

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13 pages, 274 KiB  
Review
The Applications of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Implant Dentistry: A Narrative Review
by Alice Alberti, Luca Francetti, Silvio Taschieri and Stefano Corbella
Materials 2021, 14(11), 3045; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113045 - 3 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3262
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been successfully used for periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects. Recently, its use for peri-implant bone regeneration has also been hypothesized. The aim of this paper is to review preclinical and clinical studies investigating the use of EMD in [...] Read more.
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been successfully used for periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects. Recently, its use for peri-implant bone regeneration has also been hypothesized. The aim of this paper is to review preclinical and clinical studies investigating the use of EMD in correspondence with titanium implants, alone or as an adjunct to other biomaterials. Clinical trials and case series with more than five cases were included. Seven in vitro studies evaluated the effect of EMD, placed on titanium surfaces: An increase in proliferation and viability of osteoblasts was observed in all but two studies. An increase in TGF-β1 and osteocalcin production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and angiogenesis was also reported. Nine animal studies investigated the use of EMD at implant placement or for bone regeneration of peri-implant bone defects, and some of them reported a significant increase in bone formation or bone-to-implant contact. In four of eleven clinical trials on humans, EMD was successfully used at implant placement. The other seven evaluated the use of EMD in protocols for the treatment of peri-implantitis. In conclusion, the results of EMD seem promising, but further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate its efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials in Modern and Contemporary Implant Dentistry)
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