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Novel Laser Ceramic Materials and Applications
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Novel Laser Ceramic Materials and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2022) | Viewed by 10798

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hiroaki Furuse

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Japan
Interests: advanced laser ceramics; magneto-optic ceramics; laser windows; fine-grained ceramics, composite ceramic materials; noncubic laser ceramics; ceramic manufacturing process; laser applications
Prof. Dr. Ryo Yasuhara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan
Interests: advanced laser ceramics; magneto-optic ceramics; laser windows; fine-grained ceramics, composite ceramic materials; noncubic laser ceramics; ceramic manufacturing process; laser applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Transparent ceramics have played important roles in solid-state laser fields in the past two decades. The development of novel ceramic materials is important for the promotion of next-generation optical technology. Even now, new laser ceramics such as mid-infrared laser materials, noncubic laser materials, and new magneto-optic materials with high Verde constants are widely studied.

This Special Issue invites a wide range of research on synthesis methods and optical properties of new ceramic materials that are useful for the development of next-generation laser sources. For example, the following topics are included:

  • Composite, large aperture, fine-grained transparent ceramic materials for high-average power, high-intense laser sources;
  • New magneto-optic materials with high Verdet constant, high thermal conductivity;
  • Ceramic materials that pioneer new wavelength for visible to mid-infrared wavelength range;
  • Bonding technology of transparent ceramics with high thermal conductive optics;
  • Noncubic laser ceramics with fine microstructure or magnetic field oriented crystal grains;
  • High power ceramic laser systems and their characteristics

Research specialized in the manufacturing process, material properties, or laser characteristics, and so on for novel ceramics materials is also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Hiroaki Furuse
Prof. Dr. Ryo Yasuhara
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • transparent laser ceramics for high average power solid state lasers
  • magneto-optic ceramics for solid state laser applications
  • new active ceramic materials for visible to mid-infrared lasers
  • bonding technique and materials for high-average power lasers
  • ceramic manufacturing process, including powder synthesis, forming, and sintering
  • noncubic laser ceramics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2979 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Transparent Fluorapatite Ceramics Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
by Hiroaki Furuse, Daichi Kato, Koji Morita, Tohru S. Suzuki and Byung-Nam Kim
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228157 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1538
Abstract
Highly optically transparent polycrystalline fluorapatite ceramics with hexagonal crystal structures were fabricated via a liquid-phase synthesis of fluorapatite powder, followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effect of sintering temperature, as observed using a thermopile, on the optical transmittance and microstructure of the [...] Read more.
Highly optically transparent polycrystalline fluorapatite ceramics with hexagonal crystal structures were fabricated via a liquid-phase synthesis of fluorapatite powder, followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effect of sintering temperature, as observed using a thermopile, on the optical transmittance and microstructure of the ceramics was investigated in order to determine suitable sintering conditions. As a result, high optical transmittance was obtained in the SPS temperature range of 950–1100 °C. The highest optical transmittance was obtained for the ceramic sample sintered at 1000 °C, and its average grain size was evaluated at only 134 nm. The grain size dramatically increased with temperature, and the ceramics became translucent at SPS temperatures above 1200 °C. The mechanical and thermal properties of the ceramics were measured to evaluate the thermal shock parameter, which was found to be comparable to or slightly smaller than that of single-crystal fluorapatite. This transparent polycrystalline fluorapatite ceramic material should prove useful in a wide range of applications, for example as a biomaterial or optical/laser material, in the future. Furthermore, the knowledge obtained in this study should help to promote the application of this ceramic material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Laser Ceramic Materials and Applications)
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12 pages, 4298 KiB  
Article
Processing and Thermal Conductivity of Bulk Nanocrystalline Aluminum Nitride
by Matthew A. Duarte, Vivek Mishra, Chris Dames, Yasuhiro Kodera and Javier E. Garay
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5565; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195565 - 25 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2081
Abstract
Producing bulk AlN with grain sizes in the nano regime and measuring its thermal conductivity is an important milestone in the development of materials for high energy optical applications. We present the synthesis and subsequent densification of nano-AlN powder to produce bulk nanocrystalline [...] Read more.
Producing bulk AlN with grain sizes in the nano regime and measuring its thermal conductivity is an important milestone in the development of materials for high energy optical applications. We present the synthesis and subsequent densification of nano-AlN powder to produce bulk nanocrystalline AlN. The nanopowder is synthesized by converting transition alumina (δ-Al2O3) with <40 nm grain size to AlN using a carbon free reduction/nitridation process. We consolidated the nano-AlN powder using current activated pressure assisted densification (CAPAD) and achieved a relative density of 98% at 1300 °C with average grain size, d¯~125 nm. By contrast, high quality commercially available AlN powder yields densities ~75% under the same CAPAD conditions. We used the 3-ω method to measure the thermal conductivity, κ of two nanocrystalline samples, 91% dense, d¯ = 110 nm and 99% dense, d¯ = 220 nm, respectively. The dense sample with 220 nm grains has a measured κ = 43 W/(m·K) at room temperature, which is relatively high for a nanocrystalline ceramic, but still low compared to single crystal and large grain sized polycrystalline AlN which can exceed 300 W/(m·K). The reduction in κ in both samples is understood as a combination of grain boundary scattering and porosity effects. We believe that these are finest d¯ reported in bulk dense AlN and is the first report of thermal conductivity for AlN with ≤220 nm grain size. The obtained κ values are higher than the vast majority of conventional optical materials, demonstrating the advantage of AlN for high-energy optical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Laser Ceramic Materials and Applications)
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8 pages, 10264 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Highly Transparent Y2O3 Ceramics with CaO as Sintering Aid
by Danlei Yin, Jun Wang, Meng Ni, Peng Liu, Zhili Dong and Dingyuan Tang
Materials 2021, 14(2), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020444 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3170
Abstract
Highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics were successfully fabricated with CaO as sintering aid. The microstructure evolution, optical transmittance, hardness and thermal conductivity of the Y2O3 ceramics were investigated. It was found that doping a small amount (0.01–0.15 wt.%) [...] Read more.
Highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics were successfully fabricated with CaO as sintering aid. The microstructure evolution, optical transmittance, hardness and thermal conductivity of the Y2O3 ceramics were investigated. It was found that doping a small amount (0.01–0.15 wt.%) of CaO could greatly improve the densification rate of Y2O3. With an optimized CaO dosage of 0.02 wt.% combined with the low temperature vacuum sintering plus hot isostatic pressing (HIP-ing), Y2O3 ceramics with in-line transmittance of 84.87% at 1200 nm and 81.4% at 600 nm were obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Laser Ceramic Materials and Applications)
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17 pages, 1811 KiB  
Article
Faraday Rotation of Dy2O3, CeF3 and Y3Fe5O12 at the Mid-Infrared Wavelengths
by David Vojna, Ondřej Slezák, Ryo Yasuhara, Hiroaki Furuse, Antonio Lucianetti and Tomáš Mocek
Materials 2020, 13(23), 5324; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235324 - 24 Nov 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4926
Abstract
The relatively narrow choice of magneto-active materials that could be used to construct Faraday devices (such as rotators or isolators) for the mid-infrared wavelengths arguably represents a pressing issue that is currently limiting the development of the mid-infrared lasers. Furthermore, the knowledge of [...] Read more.
The relatively narrow choice of magneto-active materials that could be used to construct Faraday devices (such as rotators or isolators) for the mid-infrared wavelengths arguably represents a pressing issue that is currently limiting the development of the mid-infrared lasers. Furthermore, the knowledge of the magneto-optical properties of the yet-reported mid-infrared magneto-active materials is usually restricted to a single wavelength only. To address this issue, we have dedicated this work to a comprehensive investigation of the magneto-optical properties of both the emerging (Dy2O3 ceramics and CeF3 crystal) and established (Y3Fe5O12 crystal) mid-infrared magneto-active materials. A broadband radiation source was used in a combination with an advanced polarization-stepping method, enabling an in-depth analysis of the wavelength dependence of the investigated materials’ Faraday rotation. We were able to derive approximate models for the examined dependence, which, as we believe, may be conveniently used for designing the needed mid-infrared Faraday devices for lasers with the emission wavelengths in the 2-μm spectral region. In the case of Y3Fe5O12 crystal, the derived model may be used as a rough approximation of the material’s saturated Faraday rotation even beyond the 2-μm wavelengths. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Laser Ceramic Materials and Applications)
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Review

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28 pages, 4284 KiB  
Review
Thermo-Optical Studies of Laser Ceramics
by Oleg V. Palashov, Aleksey V. Starobor, Evgeniy A. Perevezentsev, Ilya L. Snetkov, Evgeniy A. Mironov, Alexey I. Yakovlev, Stanislav S. Balabanov, Dmitry A. Permin and Alexander V. Belyaev
Materials 2021, 14(14), 3944; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143944 - 14 Jul 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2835
Abstract
A cycle of works on manufacturing and studying laser and magnetooptical ceramics with a focus on their thermo-optical characteristics performed by the research team is analyzed. Original results that have not been published before such as measurements of the Verdet constant in the [...] Read more.
A cycle of works on manufacturing and studying laser and magnetooptical ceramics with a focus on their thermo-optical characteristics performed by the research team is analyzed. Original results that have not been published before such as measurements of the Verdet constant in the Zr:TAG, Re:MgAl2O4, and ZnAl2O4 ceramics are also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Laser Ceramic Materials and Applications)
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