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Prevention, Treatment and Detection of Biofilms on Implants
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Prevention, Treatment and Detection of Biofilms on Implants

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 9630

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Renxun Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
Interests: antimicrobial peptides and mimics; antimicrobial biomaterials; disinfection; surface coatings; functional materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Karen Vickery

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Interests: biofilms; infection control; disinfectants; medical implants; cleaning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Implant-related infection represents a significant public health issue, and is a financial burden on governments around the world. The situation is likely to get worse in the future, with the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the increasing adoption of biomedical implants and devices. Once bacteria colonize a surface, they differentiate into complex communities or biofilms, which are especially problematic to treat. These biofilms are highly resistant to immune responses and current antibiotics. In the past two decades, a multitude of therapeutics, delivery systems, materials and coatings have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on implants. However, with the exception of silver-based technologies, the translation of these innovations to the clinic has been slow. Furthermore, developments in the early detection of biofilms on implants are still in their infancy.

This Special Issue will compile recent advances in biofilm prevention, and treatment and detection in implant materials at all stages of development, from the benchtop to the clinic. The articles presented in this Special Issue will cover various topics, ranging from, but not limited to, the optimization of coating methods and preparations, the functionalization of biocidal actives, surface topography, the dispersion of biofilms, the in vitro and in vivo detection/sensing of biofilms, implant performance in in vivo models of infection, and biofilm formation, among others.

Dr. Renxun Chen
Dr. Karen Vickery
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biocidal
  • surface topography
  • microbial adhesion
  • biofilm formation
  • antimicrobial coating
  • antifouling coating
  • biofilm dispersion
  • sensing

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2738 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Hydrophobic Polyurethane
by Autumn M. Rudlong, Elizabet Moreno Reyes and Julie M. Goddard
Materials 2023, 16(12), 4446; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124446 - 17 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1938
Abstract
Food borne illness remains a major threat to public health despite new governmental guidelines and industry standards. Cross-contamination of both pathogenic and spoilage bacteria from the manufacturing environment can promote consumer illness and food spoilage. While there is guidance in cleaning and sanitation [...] Read more.
Food borne illness remains a major threat to public health despite new governmental guidelines and industry standards. Cross-contamination of both pathogenic and spoilage bacteria from the manufacturing environment can promote consumer illness and food spoilage. While there is guidance in cleaning and sanitation procedures, manufacturing facilities can develop bacterial harborage sites in hard-to-reach areas. New technologies to eliminate these harborage sites include chemically modified coatings that can improve surface characteristics or incorporate embedded antibacterial compounds. In this article we synthesize a 16 carbon length quaternary ammonium bromide (C16QAB) modified polyurethane and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) copolymer coating with low surface energy and bactericidal properties. The introduction of PFPE to the polyurethane coatings lowered the critical surface tension from 18.07 mN m−1 in unmodified polyurethane to 13.14 mN m−1 in modified polyurethane. C16QAB + PFPE polyurethane was bactericidal against Listeria monocytogenes (>6 log reduction) and Salmonella enterica (>3 log reduction) after just eight hours of contact. The combination of low surface tension from the perfluoropolyether and antimicrobial from the quaternary ammonium bromide produced a multifunctional polyurethane coating suitable for coating on non-food contact food production surfaces to prevent survival and persistence of pathogenic and spoilage organisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Treatment and Detection of Biofilms on Implants)
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12 pages, 1798 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Surgical/Wound Washes against Bacteria: Effect of Different In Vitro Models
by Farhana Parvin, Karen Vickery, Anand K. Deva and Honghua Hu
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3630; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103630 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2381
Abstract
Topical antiseptics are often used to treat chronic wounds with biofilm infections and during salvage of biofilm contaminated implants, but their antibacterial efficacy is frequently only tested against non-aggregated planktonic or free-swimming organisms. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of four [...] Read more.
Topical antiseptics are often used to treat chronic wounds with biofilm infections and during salvage of biofilm contaminated implants, but their antibacterial efficacy is frequently only tested against non-aggregated planktonic or free-swimming organisms. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of four commercial surgical washes Bactisure, TorrenTX, minimally invasive lavage (MIS), and Betadine against six bacterial species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, which are commonly isolated from surgical site infections and chronic wound infections using different in vitro models. We determined minimum planktonic inhibitory and eradication concentration and minimum 1-day-old biofilm inhibition and eradication concentration of antiseptics in 96-well plates format with 24 h contact time. We also tested the efficacy of antiseptics at in-use concentration and contact time in the presence of biological soil against 3-day-old biofilm grown on coupons with shear in a bioreactor, such that the results are more applicable to the clinical biofilm situations. In the 96-well plate model, the minimum concentration required to inhibit or kill planktonic and biofilm bacteria was lower for Bactisure and TorrenTX than for MIS and Betadine. However, Betadine and Bactisure showed better antibiofilm efficacy than TorrenTX and MIS in the 3-day-old biofilm bioreactor model at in-use concentration. The minimal concentration of surgical washes required to inhibit or kill planktonic bacterial cells and biofilms varies, suggesting the need for the development and use of biofilm-based assays to assess antimicrobial therapies, such as topical antiseptics and their effective concentrations. The antibiofilm efficacy of surgical washes against different bacterial species also varies, highlighting the importance of testing against various bacterial species to achieve a thorough understanding of their efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Treatment and Detection of Biofilms on Implants)
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7 pages, 3527 KiB  
Communication
Biofilm on Toothbrushes of Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Potential Source of Lung Re-Infection after Antibiotic Treatment?
by Honghua Hu, Nicole Clothier, Anita Jacombs, Karen Mckay, Anand K. Deva and Karen Vickery
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062139 - 14 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2000
Abstract
Frequent recurrent lung infections result in irreversible lung damage in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to determine if toothbrushes contain biofilms of pathogens, and act as potential reservoirs for lung re-infection following antibiotic treatment of acute exacerbations. Toothbrushes were collected [...] Read more.
Frequent recurrent lung infections result in irreversible lung damage in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to determine if toothbrushes contain biofilms of pathogens, and act as potential reservoirs for lung re-infection following antibiotic treatment of acute exacerbations. Toothbrushes were collected from children with CF of lung infection before, during and after antibiotic treatment. Toothbrushes were rinsed with sterile saline and cultured. Bacterial isolates from toothbrushes were identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and compared with isolates from a sputum sample of the same patient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visually confirm the presence of bacterial biofilms and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) combined with Live/Dead stain to confirm bacterial viability. Large numbers of bacteria and biofilms were present on all toothbrushes. SEM confirmed the presence of biofilms and CLSM confirmed bacterial viability on all toothbrushes. Pathogens identified on toothbrushes from children before and during antibiotics treatment were in concordance with the species found in sputum samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was able to be cultured from children’s toothbrushes despite antibiotic treatment. Toothbrushes were shown to be contaminated with viable pathogens and biofilms before and during antibiotic treatment and could be a potential source of lung re-infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Treatment and Detection of Biofilms on Implants)
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14 pages, 3424 KiB  
Article
Ti-Ions and/or Particles in Saliva Potentially Aggravate Dental Implant Corrosion
by Mostafa Alhamad, Valentim A. R. Barão, Cortino Sukotjo, Lyndon F. Cooper and Mathew T. Mathew
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5733; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195733 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2507
Abstract
The corrosive titanium products in peri-implant tissues are a potential risk factor for peri-implantitis. There is very limited information available on the effect of the corrosion and wear products on the dental implant corrosion. Therefore, we determined the influence of Ti-ions and Ti-particles [...] Read more.
The corrosive titanium products in peri-implant tissues are a potential risk factor for peri-implantitis. There is very limited information available on the effect of the corrosion and wear products on the dental implant corrosion. Therefore, we determined the influence of Ti-ions and Ti-particles on Ti corrosion. Eighteen commercially pure-Ti-grade-2 discs were polished to mirror-shine. Samples were divided into six groups (n = 3) as a function of electrolytes; (A) Artificial saliva (AS), (B) AS with Ti-ions (the electrolyte from group A, after corrosion), (C) AS with Ti-particles 10 ppm (D) AS with Ti-particles 20 ppm, (E) AS with Ti-ions 10 ppm, and (F) AS with Ti-ions 20 ppm. Using Tafel’s method, corrosion potential (Ecorr) and current density (Icorr) were estimated from potentiodynamic curves. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data were used to construct Nyquist and Bode plots, and an equivalent electrical circuit was used to assess the corrosion kinetics. The corroded surfaces were examined through a 3D-white-light microscope and scanning electronic microscopy. The data demonstrated that the concentration of Ti-ions and corrosion rate (Icorr) are strongly correlated (r = 0.997, p = 0.046). This study indicated that high Ti-ion concentration potentially aggravates corrosion. Under such a severe corrosion environment, there is a potential risk of increased implant associated adverse tissue reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Treatment and Detection of Biofilms on Implants)
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