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Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II
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Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymeric Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2022) | Viewed by 12219

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Helena Casimiro

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Guest Editor
C2TN, Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon University, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
Interests: functionalization and characterization of macromolecular materials; polymeric supporting systems; radiation processing; membrane reactors; biomaterials; skin scaffolds; biomedical applications; environmental applications; conservation and restoration applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bernardo Monteiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Structural Chemistry Center (CQE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon University, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: functionalization and characterization of hybrid materials; molecular magnetism; lanthanide chemistry; multifunctional materials; luminescence; supramolecular chemistry; environmental applications; optical sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymeric and hybrid materials are important and versatile materials that can be tailored to overcome current challenges in materials science. The development of novel advanced materials able to fulfill the needs in diverse application areas is reaching more specific applications with consequent societal benefits. However, regardless of the technology used, physical, chemical and structural properties of hybrid and polymeric materials are dependent on the starting materials and on the selected functionalization methods. Additionally, a proper characterization assumes particular relevance in this rapidly developing area of advanced materials.

The present Special Issue aims to discuss all aspects regarding relevant innovation, functionalization and characterization of polymeric and hybrid materials in its different forms (membranes, fibers, hydrogels, etc.). We welcome full articles, short communications or review articles in topics related with new breakthroughs for polymeric and hybrid materials as well as their applications in the health, conservation and restoration, environment and industrial fields. This Special Issue represents a good opportunity for researchers from different areas to present their research, to contribute to the establishment of more detailed correlations between methods, structure and materials properties and to highlight new challenges to achieve more efficient materials performances.

Dr. Maria Helena Casimiro
Dr. Bernardo Monteiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural and synthetic polymers
  • hybrid materials
  • functionalization
  • characterization
  • hydrogels
  • membranes
  • coatings
  • biomaterials
  • composites
  • fibers
  • biodegradable materials
  • host-guest and supporting systems
  • 3D printing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3227 KiB  
Article
Development of Robust PEBAX-Based Angiographic Catheter: Design and In Vitro Study
by Hafsa Inam, Murtaza Najabat Ali, Ibraheem Raza Jameel, Dil Awaiz and Zunaira Qureshi
Materials 2024, 17(17), 4248; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174248 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 863
Abstract
Background: Keeping in mind the unceasingly escalating prevalence of coronary disease worldwide, the mortality rate is also expected to rise with a staggering increase in healthcare costs. Angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing these blockages that trigger these diseases. Amides and urethanes [...] Read more.
Background: Keeping in mind the unceasingly escalating prevalence of coronary disease worldwide, the mortality rate is also expected to rise with a staggering increase in healthcare costs. Angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing these blockages that trigger these diseases. Amides and urethanes are the common catheter construction material used for angiography. However, the experimental evidence verifying the use of PEBAX® and comparing its performance with that of commercially available catheters for angiography is not published despite it being well recognized for its excellent flexural modulus, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility and its potential to reduce the incidence of vascular spasm during intravascular diagnostic and interventional procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a PEBAX®-based angiographic catheter and evaluate its performance in comparison with three commercially available nylon- and polyurethane-based angiographic catheters. Methodology: A PEBAX®-based angiographic catheter was developed for this purpose. This study analyzes and reports the performance and behavior of PEBAX®-, nylon-, and polyurethane-based catheters. The catheter’s performance and arterial forces’ endurance nature were mapped out by evaluating pushability (advancement force) and selective bench tests outlined in the applicable regulatory standard. Conclusions: The PEBAX®-based catheter exhibited the least bond-flexural rigidity (180.4 g), which was approximately one-third of that shown by all six French catheters and which exhibited the least advancement force (510.4 g), which was approximately 50% less than that of the nylon- and polyurethane-based catheters when traversing through the mock arterial system. Bench testing was carried out as per the applicable regulatory standard; the differences obtained between individual catheters were discussed in detail. Based on this extensive in vitro assessment, it was concluded that the PEBAX®-based catheters outperformed the nylon- and polyurethane-based catheters, exhibiting an exceptionally minimal advancement force of 510.4 g. This leads to the inference that this catheter can inject more radiopaque material (because of the enhanced flow rate) to the coronary arteries and can play a significant role in minimizing vascular spasms during a diagnostic procedure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II)
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20 pages, 2809 KiB  
Article
Electron Beam Irradiation on the Production of a Si- and Zr-Based Hybrid Material: A Study by FTIR and WDXRF
by Alexandra P. Rodrigues, Pedro M. P. Santos, João Pedro Veiga, Maria Helena Casimiro and Luís M. Ferreira
Materials 2023, 16(2), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020489 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1590
Abstract
Sol-gel production of hybrid materials has, to some extent, revolutionised materials’ engineering and the way science and technology perceive the creation of new materials. Despite that, the method presents some limitations that are circumvented by radiation processing. Electron beam irradiation was used to [...] Read more.
Sol-gel production of hybrid materials has, to some extent, revolutionised materials’ engineering and the way science and technology perceive the creation of new materials. Despite that, the method presents some limitations that are circumvented by radiation processing. Electron beam irradiation was used to promote synthesis of hybrid structures while using silanol-terminated PDMS, TEOS and TPOZ as precursors. Evaluation of the method’s performance was executed by gel fraction determination, WDXRF and FTIR-ATR. Results showed that, although there is some pre-irradiation reactivity between precursors, radiolysis induces scission on multiple sites of precursor’s structures, which induces hybrid network formation to a greater extent. Characterisation allowed determining electron beam irradiation to be effective in the creation of Si–O–Zr bonds, resulting in the production of a Class II hybrid material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II)
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12 pages, 2567 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyimides with Naphthalene Ring Structure Introduced in the Main Chain
by Jiang-Rong Luo, Yi-Dong Liu, Heng Liu, Wei-Peng Chen, Ting-Ting Cui, Liangang Xiao and Yonggang Min
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8014; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228014 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2123
Abstract
In this paper, a new aromatic diamine monomer 4,4′-(2,6-naphthalenediyl)bis[benzenamine]) (NADA) was synthesized and a series of modified PI films containing naphthalene ring structure obtained by controlling the molar ratio of NADA monomer, ternary polymerization with 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The effects [...] Read more.
In this paper, a new aromatic diamine monomer 4,4′-(2,6-naphthalenediyl)bis[benzenamine]) (NADA) was synthesized and a series of modified PI films containing naphthalene ring structure obtained by controlling the molar ratio of NADA monomer, ternary polymerization with 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The effects of the introduction of the naphthalene ring on the free volume and various properties of PI were investigated by molecular dynamic simulations. The results show that the comprehensive properties of the modified films are all improved to some extent, with 5% thermal weight loss temperature (Td5%) of 569 °C, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 381 °C, tensile strength of 96.41 MPa, and modulus of elasticity of 2.45 GPa. Dielectric property test results show that the dielectric constant (Dk) of the film at 1 MHz is reduced from 3.21 to 2.82 and dielectric loss (Df) reduced from 0.0091 to 0.0065. It is noteworthy that the PI-1 dielectric constant is reduced from 3.26 to 3.01 at 10 GHz with only 5% NADA doping, which is expected to yield the best ratio and provide the possibility of industrial production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II)
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14 pages, 22899 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Erythrosine B Associated with Smartphone Detection in Food Samples
by Dounia Elfadil, Flavio Della Pelle, Dario Compagnone and Aziz Amine
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217653 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2549
Abstract
Monitoring synthetic colorants in foods is important due to their potential toxicity and pathogenicity. We propose here a new and simple method for the extraction and determination of erythrosine B (ERT-B) in food samples. A composite of polydopamine-based molecularly imprinted polymers coating magnetic [...] Read more.
Monitoring synthetic colorants in foods is important due to their potential toxicity and pathogenicity. We propose here a new and simple method for the extraction and determination of erythrosine B (ERT-B) in food samples. A composite of polydopamine-based molecularly imprinted polymers coating magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA@MIP) was synthesized using a green approach and exploited for the magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) of ERT-B. Fe3O4@PDA@MIP provides a rapid extraction of ERT-B, exhibiting good reusability and preconcentration ability. Moreover, the MIP showed a relatively good imprinting factor (3.0 ± 0.05), demonstrating excellent selectivity against patent blue (an interfering dye) and other food matrix components. The proposed MDSPE was coupled to colorimetric smartphone-based detection that allowed us to obtain similar performances of UV–Vis spectroscopy detection. The smartphone-based optical detection facilitated the determination of ERT-B in the 0.5–10 mg/L range, with a limit of detection of 0.04 mg/L. The developed method was successfully employed to determine ERT-B in food samples (juice, candy, and candied cherries) with good recovery values (82–97%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II)
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18 pages, 5313 KiB  
Article
Exploiting the Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of PHB/PEG and PHB/PEG/ALG-e Blends Loaded with Ag Nanoparticles
by Mário R. P. da Silva, Robert S. Matos, Michael D. S. Monteiro, Samuel B. Santos, Henrique D. F. Filho, George R. S. Andrade, Marco Salerno and Luís E. Almeida
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7544; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217544 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based films containing Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), esterified sodium alginate (ALG-e) and polymeric additives loaded with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by a conventional casting method. AgNPs were produced in aqueous suspension and added to polymeric gels using a phase exchange technique. Composite [...] Read more.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based films containing Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), esterified sodium alginate (ALG-e) and polymeric additives loaded with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by a conventional casting method. AgNPs were produced in aqueous suspension and added to polymeric gels using a phase exchange technique. Composite formation was confirmed by finding the Ag peak in the XRD pattern of PHB. The morphological analysis showed that the inclusion of PEG polymer caused the occurrence of pores over the film surface, which were overshadowed by the addition of ALG-e polymer. The PHB functional groups were dominating the FTIR spectrum, whose bands associated with the crystalline and amorphous regions increased after the addition of PEG and ALG-e polymers. Thermal analysis of the films revealed a decrease in the degradation temperature of PHB containing PEG/AgNPs and PEG/ALG-e/AgNPs, suggesting a catalytic effect. The PHB/PEG/ALG-e/AgNPs film combined the best properties of water vapor permeability and hydrophilicity of the different polymers used. All samples showed good antimicrobial activity in vitro, with the greater inhibitory halo observed for the PEG/PEG/AgNPs against Gram positive S. aureus microorganisms. Thus, the PHB/PEG/ALG-e/AgNPs composite demonstrated here is a promising candidate for skin wound healing treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II)
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15 pages, 2386 KiB  
Article
Natural Rubber (NR) Latex Films with Antimicrobial Properties for Stethoscope Diaphragm Covers
by Norfatirah Muhamad Sarih, Kevin Gwee, Simon Maher and Azura A. Rashid
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3433; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103433 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2450
Abstract
Systematic disinfection of the stethoscope diaphragm is required to ensure that it does not act as a vector for cross-transmission of health-related diseases. Thus, an antimicrobial latex film could be used as a cover to inhibit pathogenic bacteria from growing on its surface. [...] Read more.
Systematic disinfection of the stethoscope diaphragm is required to ensure that it does not act as a vector for cross-transmission of health-related diseases. Thus, an antimicrobial latex film could be used as a cover to inhibit pathogenic bacteria from growing on its surface. The aim of this work is to determine the antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties of antimicrobial natural rubber (NR) latex films with different types of antimicrobial agents (mangosteen peel powder (MPP), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP), and povidone-iodine (PVP-I)). The antimicrobial loading was varied from 0.5, to 1.0, and 2.0 phr to monitor the effective inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi growth. For MPP and PVP-I antimicrobial agents, a loading of 2.0 phr showed good antimicrobial efficacy with the largest zone of inhibition. Simultaneously, ZnO NP demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity at low concentrations. The addition of antimicrobial agents shows a comparable effect on the mechanical properties of NR latex films. In comparison to control NR latex film (29.41 MPa, 48.49 N/mm), antimicrobial-filled films have significantly greater tensile and tear strengths (MPP (33.84 MPa, 65.21 N/mm), ZnO NP (31.79 MPa, 52.77 N/mm), and PVP-I (33.25 MPa, 50.75 N/mm). In conclusion, the addition of antimicrobial agents, particularly ZnO NP, can be a better choice for NR latex films because they will serve as both an activator and an antimicrobial. In a clinical context, with regard to frequently used medical equipment such as a stethoscope, such an approach offers significant promise to aid infection control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionalization, Characterization, and Applications of Polymeric and Hybrid Materials-Series II)
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