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Materials
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Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste
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Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2024) | Viewed by 8964

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ina Pundienė

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Concrete Technologies, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: building materials; waste reusing; additives and admixtures; reuse; structural properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jolanta Pranckevičienė

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Concrete Technologies, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: composite materials; ceramic; waste; additives and admixtures; recycle; durability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the human population grows steadily worldwide, natural resource consumption in the construction industry is expanding. Depletion of raw materials requires solutions to create building materials by making optimal use of various wastes. The use of various admixtures and different kinds of additives (supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and nano-sized materials) can help to solve problems related to the volatile properties of building materials created with waste.

The Special Issue "Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste” is focused on favored methods of waste pretreatment and modification, as well as the development of effective design approaches, allowing for the most efficient use of waste as the main raw material in building materials. Eco-efficient building materials and improved carbon-capture solutions are also within the scope of this Special Issue.

Dr. Ina Pundiene
Dr. Jolanta Pranckevičienė
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cement-based materials
  • alkali-activated materials
  • organic and inorganic waste
  • ceramic materials
  • admixture
  • nanomaterials
  • durability
  • material characterization

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3877 KiB  
Article
Rheology, Strength, and Durability of Concrete and Mortar Made of Recycled Calcium Silicate Masonry
by Tanel Tuisk, Simo Ilomets, Tiina Hain, Joosep Kalbus and Targo Kalamees
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2790; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122790 - 7 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 782
Abstract
Selective demolition of building components and recycling construction demolition waste is a growing tendency as we move towards a circular construction. This study investigates the feasibility of using demolition waste from calcium silicate brick masonry as an aggregate in concrete and mortar. The [...] Read more.
Selective demolition of building components and recycling construction demolition waste is a growing tendency as we move towards a circular construction. This study investigates the feasibility of using demolition waste from calcium silicate brick masonry as an aggregate in concrete and mortar. The purpose is to assess its impact on concrete and mortar properties, including compressive strength, durability, and workability. Silicate bricks from two demolished buildings were processed into aggregate, and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate concrete and mortar made with varying proportions of recycled aggregate. Results indicate that replacing natural aggregate (limestone rubble and sand) with recycled silicate brick aggregate up to 50% does not significantly compromise concrete performance, with no significant decrease in compressive strength observed. Frost resistance of the concrete made with recycled aggregate even surpasses that of reference concrete, possibly due to the lower density and higher (closed) porosity of the recycled aggregate. However, challenges such as increased water demand and loss of workability over time are noted with higher proportions of recycled aggregate. Further research is recommended to explore strategies for mitigating these challenges and to assess the effects of chemical admixtures on concrete properties. Overall, the findings suggest that recycled calcium silicate brick holds promise as a sustainable alternative for aggregate in concrete production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste)
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14 pages, 3729 KiB  
Article
Antifungal Susceptibility Assessment of Innovative and Non-Conventional Lime Mortars Incorporating Almond-Shell Powder Bio-Waste Subjected to Particle-Dispersion Technique
by Alexandre Jerónimo, Mafalda Loureiro, Mariana Fernandes, Verónica De Zea Bermudez and Ana Briga-Sá
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1426; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061426 - 20 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1729
Abstract
A favorable environment for fungi colonization in building materials’ surfaces can emerge when certain hygrothermal conditions occur. Thus, reducing fungal growth susceptibility is of major interest. Furthermore, if the integration of bio-wastes is performed in parallel with the development of innovative materials for [...] Read more.
A favorable environment for fungi colonization in building materials’ surfaces can emerge when certain hygrothermal conditions occur. Thus, reducing fungal growth susceptibility is of major interest. Furthermore, if the integration of bio-wastes is performed in parallel with the development of innovative materials for this purpose, a more sustainable and environmentally friendly material can be obtained. In this study, the fungal susceptibility of lime mortars incorporating almond-shell powder (ASP) microparticles (2 and 4%, wt.–wt. in relation to the binder content) was evaluated. The particle-dispersion technique was employed to prepare the bio-waste introduced in the mixtures. The fungal susceptibility of ASP samples was compared with nanotitania (n-TiO2) with recognized antifungal properties. Mechanical strength, water absorption, and wettability tests were also performed for a better characterization of the composites. Although the addition of 2% ASP led to mechanical properties reduction, an increase in the compressive and flexural strength resulted for 4% of the ASP content. Difficulties in fungal growth were observed for the samples incorporating ASP. No fungal development was detected in the mortar with 2% of ASP, which may be correlated with an increase in the surface hydrophobic behavior. Furthermore, mortars with ASP revealed a reduction in water absorption by capillarity ability, especially with 4% content, suggesting changes in the microstructure and pore characteristics. The results also demonstrated that an improvement in the physical and mechanical properties of the lime mortars can be achieved when ASP microparticles are previously subjected to dispersion techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste)
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Graphical abstract

14 pages, 6075 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Compressive Strength of Anhydrite Binder Using Full Factorial Design
by Dalia Nizevičienė, Nora Kybartienė and Vacius Jusas
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6265; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186265 - 18 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1043
Abstract
Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) is obtained from the desulphurization of combustion gases in fossil fuel power plants. FGD gypsum can be used to produce anhydrite binder. This research is devoted to the investigation of the influence of the calcination temperature of [...] Read more.
Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) is obtained from the desulphurization of combustion gases in fossil fuel power plants. FGD gypsum can be used to produce anhydrite binder. This research is devoted to the investigation of the influence of the calcination temperature of FGD gypsum, the activators K2SO4 and Na2SO4, and their amount on the compressive strength of anhydrite binder during hydration. The obtained results showed that as the calcination temperature increased, the compressive strength of anhydrite binder decreased at its early age (up to 3 days) and increased after 28 days. The compressive strength of the anhydrite binder produced at 800 °C and 500 °C differed more than five times after 28 days. The activators K2SO4 and Na2SO4 had a large effect on the hydration of anhydrite binder at its early age (up to 3 days) in comparison with the anhydrite binder without activators. The presence of the activators of either K2SO4 or K2SO4 almost had no influence on the compressive strength after 28 days. To determine which factor, the calcination temperature of FGD gypsum (500–800 °C), the hydration time (3–28 days) or the amount (0–2%) of the activators K2SO4 and Na2SO4, has the greatest influence on the compressive strength, a 23 full factorial design was applied. Multiple linear regression was used to develop a mathematical model and predict the compressive strength of the anhydrite binder. The statistical analysis showed that the hydration time had the strongest impact on the compressive strength of the anhydrite binder using activators K2SO4 and Na2SO4. The activator K2SO4 had a greater influence on the compressive strength than the activator Na2SO4. The obtained mathematical model can be used to forecast the compressive strength of the anhydrite binder produced from FGD gypsum if the considered factors are within the same limiting values as in the suggested model since the coefficient of determination (R2) was close to 1, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was less than 10%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste)
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15 pages, 16262 KiB  
Article
Developing Innovative Cement Composites Containing Vine Shoot Waste and Superplasticizers
by Daniela Alexandra Scurtu, Leontin David, Erika Andrea Levei, Dorina Simedru, Xenia Filip, Cecilia Roman and Oana Cadar
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155313 - 28 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1253
Abstract
The expansion of the construction industry requires large quantities of construction materials; therefore, the utilization of alternative raw materials that reduce the environmental impact and enhance the quality of the construction materials has received increasing interest. The comparative performance of 1% Dynamon SR3 [...] Read more.
The expansion of the construction industry requires large quantities of construction materials; therefore, the utilization of alternative raw materials that reduce the environmental impact and enhance the quality of the construction materials has received increasing interest. The comparative performance of 1% Dynamon SR3 or Dynamon SR41 superplasticizers on the properties of cement paste with 1 wt.% vine shoot waste addition (VSW) was investigated after 28 days using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and solid-state 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. VSW does not delay the formation of calcium hydroxide and C–S–H and a slight decrease of the –OH band in samples containing superplasticizers, suggesting that free lime is converted to carbonates. The highest degree of crystallinity was remarked for the samples with superplasticizers. The structure of the cement paste with VSW and superplasticizers was corroborated with mechanical properties, showing increased strength in using VSW and superplasticizers. The results showed that adding 1% VSW and superplasticizers does not change the performance of the cement paste but reduces the water-cement ratio. The combination of VSW and superplasticizers led to cement composite with improved structural and mechanical properties suitable for construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste)
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20 pages, 6121 KiB  
Article
Effect of Mechanically Activated Nepheline-Syenite Additive on the Physical–Mechanical Properties and Frost Resistance of Ceramic Materials Composed of Illite Clay and Mineral Wool Waste
by Jolanta Pranckevičienė and Ina Pundienė
Materials 2023, 16(14), 4943; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16144943 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1298
Abstract
This study investigates the coupling effect of mechanically activated nepheline-syenite (NS) and mineral wool melt waste (MWMW) on the physical–mechanical properties of a ceramic body. The results indicate that an optimal amount (10–20%) of NS additive promotes the formation of the smallest pore [...] Read more.
This study investigates the coupling effect of mechanically activated nepheline-syenite (NS) and mineral wool melt waste (MWMW) on the physical–mechanical properties of a ceramic body. The results indicate that an optimal amount (10–20%) of NS additive promotes the formation of the smallest pore size from 0.001 to 0.01 µm, as well as improves physical, mechanical, and durability properties of the ceramic samples with MWMW, when fired at temperatures between 1000 and 1080 °C. As the NS content increases, the composition becomes more alkaline, leading to enhanced vitrification and the formation of a glass phase during firing. This reduces open porosity, modifies pore size distribution, and enhances compressive strength and frost resistance. An NS content of 15% produces the best results, increasing the smallest pore fraction and yielding favourable properties, such as reduced open porosity, water absorption and density, increased compressive strength, and does not affect the linear shrinkage. The frost resistance test demonstrates that the coupling effect of NS additive and MWMW improves the samples’ resistance to freeze–thaw cycles, with the best performance observed at 15% NS content. The study also highlights the usefulness of structural parameters and ultrasound testing for assessing and predicting the frost resistance of ceramic samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste)
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12 pages, 2054 KiB  
Article
Compaction Curves and Strength of Clayey Soil Modified with Micro and Nano Silica
by Abeer W. Alshami, Bashar H. Ismael, Mohammed F. Aswad, Ali Majdi, Murtatha Alshijlawi, Mustafa Mohammed Aljumaily, Mohamed Khalid AlOmar, Ibraheem A. Aidan and Mohammed Majeed Hameed
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207148 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1855
Abstract
Some Clayey soils are generally categorized as weak soils, and structures lying on such soils have been exposed to severe damage. Therefore, the central thesis of this paper is the impact of a waste material known as a silica fume as nano and [...] Read more.
Some Clayey soils are generally categorized as weak soils, and structures lying on such soils have been exposed to severe damage. Therefore, the central thesis of this paper is the impact of a waste material known as a silica fume as nano and micro material on soil’s behaviour. To evaluate the effects of those additives on Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics and unconfined compressive strength, clayey soil samples have been transformed using micro and nano silica fume (by-product materials). In the current investigation, silica fume is used at four different percentages: 0, 2, 4, and 7%. The results show that the plasticity index of soil decreases with the addition of micro silica and increases with the addition of nano-silica. Increasing nano silica percentage improves the dry density of the compacted soil and reduces the optimum moisture content. An opposite behavior is observed with adding micro silica to compacted soil. Finally, 4% of silica fume is found to be the optimum dosage to improve the unconfined compressive strength of the treated soil with both additives. As a result, treating the weak clay soil with micro and/or nano-silica fume has the potential to be impactful. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in the Development of Building Materials with Recycled Waste)
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