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Tribology and Surface Engineering 2021

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2022) | Viewed by 15808

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Prof. Dr. Chin-Chung Wei

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Guest Editor

Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
Interests: transmission tribology; material surface science and modification; smart machinery and monitoring; structural design and vibration control
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Prof. Dr. Wen-Hsien Kao

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan
Interests: coating tribological performance and applications; high-entropy alloy coating properties
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Prof. Dr. Jeng-Haur Horng

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Guest Editor

Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan
Interests: tribology in industrial application; lubrication failure diagnosis and monitoring; precision machine system analysis; micro-contact mechanics; green lubricant
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current industry trends are moving at high speed, with high precision and sustainable use to develop new products. Problems regarding the friction surface between two components, including movement, wear, and lubrication, are facing increasingly difficult research problems and challenges. The aim of ICETAT 2020 is to gather scholars from all over the world to present advances in the aforementioned fields and to foster an environment conducive to exchanging ideas and information. ICETAT 2020 will provide a platform to assemble researchers, practitioners, and academics to present and discuss ideas, challenges, and potential solutions on established or emerging topics relating to research and practice in engineering tribology such as high speed, high precision, energy conservation, sustainable use, advanced design, industrial tribology, and application issues.

This Special Issue will select excellent papers from ICETAT 2020. Original research and review articles are welcome in this Special Issue. Potential topics include:

Basic friction and wear;
Lubricants and lubrication;
Contact mechanics and adhesion;
Surface engineering and coating;
Material analysis and examination;
Tribology in machine elements;
Tribo-chemistry and tribo-corrosion;
Biotribology;
Green tribology and sustainability;
Micro- and nano-tribology;
Manufacturing technology;
Analysis and diagnosis of tribology system.

Prof. Dr. Chin-Chung Wei
Prof. Dr. Wen-Hsien Kao
Prof. Dr. Jeng-Haur Horng
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 8703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tribological Behavior of Ionic Liquid with Nanoparticles

by Thi-Na Ta, Shin-Yuh Chern and Jeng-Haur Horng

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6318; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216318 - 22 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2162

Abstract

This research aims to formulate a new lubricant containing oxide nanoparticles for enhancing anti-wear ability and reducing friction. Different concentrations of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were separately added to an ionic liquid, methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [N1888] [NTf2], to formulate the tested lubricants. The tribological properties of the lubricants were tested by performing ball-on-disc wear tests on a tribotester (MTM, PCS Instruments). The results show that both the CuO and ZnO nanoparticles can increase the friction reduction ability of the ionic liquid when used as a neat lubricant. The anti-wear characteristic of the ionic liquid is increased by adding ZnO nanoparticles but decreased by adding CuO nanoparticles. The best tribological performance observed for the concentration of 0.2 wt% ZnO, with the wear scar diameter is reduced by 32% compared to the pure ionic liquid. The results of SEM/EDX analysis on the worm morphologies show different lubrication mechanisms of the nanoparticles in the [N1888] [NTf2], which are tribo-sintering for CuO nanoparticles, and third body with pure rolling effect for ZnO nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology and Surface Engineering 2021)

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15 pages, 3617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Changes in the Structure of the Intermediate Layer during Friction between Contacting Bodies

by Jeng-Haur Horng, Nikolay M. Osipenko, Fedor I. Stepanov and Elena V. Torskaya

Materials 2021, 14(19), 5689; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195689 - 30 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1629

Abstract

Friction is often accompanied by local fracture at the boundary of contacting bodies. The space between contacting bodies usually contains moving particles of a different nature, and a change in the effective friction conditions can be associated with a change in the structure of the contact area. This paper presents a new series of experiments where balls simulated the particles of the intermediate layer interacting with an elastic layer of different thickness. The effects of regularization when the balls approached each other were investigated considering different initial configurations (line and spatial structure). The balls simulated the particles of the intermediate layer interacting with the elastic layer of different thickness. The opposite effects of convergence and separation of the balls were observed in different experiments. A model of mutual effect during the contact of two balls with a two-layered elastic half-space was developed. An analysis of tangential forces due to the mutual effect was performed for different layer thicknesses, its relative compliance, and different distances between the balls. It was found that the input parameters defined the sign of the tangential force, which led to the convergence or the separation of the balls. The results can be used to create structures controlling the motion in the intermediate layer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology and Surface Engineering 2021)

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10 pages, 3282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Appearance of Hysteresis Phenomena on Hydrodynamic Lubrication in a Seal-Type Thrust Bearing with Dimples

by Reo Miwa, Norifumi Miyanaga and Jun Tomioka

Materials 2021, 14(18), 5222; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185222 - 10 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1886

Abstract

This paper described unique hysteresis phenomena that appear in the hydrodynamic lubrication properties of dimpled thrust bearings. A seal-type thrust bearing specimen was textured with dimples. The load-carrying capacity and frictional torque were measured with a constant film thickness and compared to those of a dimple-free specimen. For examining the size of cavitation bubbles that occurred in various conditions, the lubricating area was observed during experiments. The used dimpled specimen produced the load-carrying capacity, and it exhibited an interesting hysteresis phenomenon, the difference in the values in the increasing and decreasing processes of rotational speed. The visualization test results revealed that the size of cavitation bubbles occurring within the dimples strongly affected this phenomenon. In addition, the dimpled specimen was able to reduce the frictional torque compared to the dimple-free specimen. However, the frictional torque did not show the hysteresis loop similar to that shown in the load-carrying capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology and Surface Engineering 2021)

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9 pages, 25734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Achieving Ultra-Low Friction with Diamond/Metal Systems in Extreme Environments

by Pantcho Stoyanov, Rolf Merz, Markus Stricker, Michael Kopnarski and Martin Dienwiebel

Materials 2021, 14(14), 3791; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143791 - 7 Jul 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2985

Abstract

In the search for achieving ultra-low friction for applications in extreme environments, we evaluate the interfacial processes of diamond/tungsten sliding contacts using an on-line macro-tribometer and a micro-tribometer in an ultra-high vacuum. The coefficient of friction for the tests with the on-line tribometer remained considerably low for unlubricated sliding of tungsten, which correlated well with the relatively low wear rates and low roughness on the wear track throughout the sliding. Ex situ analysis was performed by means of XPS and SEM-FIB in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of low friction and low-wear sliding. The analysis did not reveal any evidence of tribofilm or transferfilm formation on the counterface, indicating the absence of significant bonding between the diamond and tungsten surfaces, which correlated well with the low-friction values. The minimal adhesive interaction and material transfer can possibly be explained by the low initial roughness values as well as high cohesive bonding energies of the two materials. The appearance of the wear track as well as the relatively higher roughness perpendicular to the sliding indicated that abrasion was the main wear mechanism. In order to elucidate the low friction of this tribocouple, we performed micro-tribological experiments in ultra-high vacuum conditions. The results show that the friction coefficient was reduced significantly in UHV. In addition, subsequently to baking the chamber, the coefficient of friction approached ultra-low values. Based on the results obtained in this study, the diamond/tungsten tribocouple seems promising for tribological interfaces in spacecraft systems, which can improve the durability of the components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology and Surface Engineering 2021)

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16 pages, 8853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Lubricating Environment on the Tribological Performance of CNT Filled Glass Reinforced Polymer Composite

by Sandeep Agrawal, Nishant K. Singh, Rajeev Kumar Upadhyay, Gurminder Singh, Yashvir Singh, Sunpreet Singh and Catalin I. Pruncu

Materials 2021, 14(11), 2965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112965 - 31 May 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2911

Abstract

In recent years, the engineering implications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have progressed enormously due to their versatile characteristics. In particular, the role of CNTs in improving the tribological performances of various engineering materials is well documented in the literature. In this work, an investigation has been conducted to study the tribological behaviour of CNTs filled with glass-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites in dry sliding, oil-lubricated, and gaseous (argon) environments in comparison to unfilled GFRP composites. The tribological study has been conducted on hardened steel surfaces at different loading conditions. Further, the worn surfaces have been examined for a particular rate of wear. Field-emission scanning electron (FESEM) microscopy was used to observe wear behaviours. The results of this study explicitly demonstrate that adding CNTs to GFRP composites increases wear resistance while lowering friction coefficient in all sliding environments. This has also been due to the beneficial strengthening and self-lubrication properties caused by CNTs on GFRP composites, according to FESEM research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology and Surface Engineering 2021)

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14 pages, 5430 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improvement of the Adhesion and Diamond Content of Electrodeposited Cu/Microdiamond Composite Coatings by a Plated Cu Interlayer

by Xiaoli Wang, Chau-Chang Chou, Liberty Tse-Shu Wu, Rudder Wu, Jyh-Wei Lee and Horng-Yi Chang

Materials 2021, 14(10), 2571; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102571 - 15 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2377

Abstract

Diamond-incorporated copper metal matrix layers were fabricated on brass substrates by using electrodeposition technology in this study. To improve the adhesion of the composite coatings on the brass substrate, a plated copper was applied as the interlayer between the multilayers and the substrate. The surface morphologies of the interlayer and the diamond-incorporated copper composite layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the copper interlayer on the incorporation and the distribution of the diamond content in the coatings was analyzed by surface roughness, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The diamond content of the composite coating was measured by energy-dispersive X-ray. The film thickness was evaluated by the cross-sectional technique of focused ion beam microscopy. The element, composition, and crystallization direction of diamond with Cu matrix was measured by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The adhesion of the multilayers was studied by scratch tests. The experiment results indicated that the diamond content and distribution of the coating were higher and more uniform with the Cu interlayer than that without one. The plated copper interlayer reduced the electrical double-layer impedance and enhanced the adsorption of diamond particles by the surrounding Cu ions, which promoted the diamond content in the composite coatings. The roughened surface caused by the plated Cu interlayer also improved the substrate’s mechanical interlock with the composite coating, which contributed to the strong adhesion between them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology and Surface Engineering 2021)

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