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Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020
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Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 23923

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Valeria Cannillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Interests: biomaterials; bioactive glasses; composites; surface coatings; materials modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioactive glasses are receiving increasing attention due to their extraordinary properties. In fact, the demand for new materials suitable for the healing of tissue and bone is dramatically increasing due to world population ageing. For this reason, in the last decades, several studies have attempted to produce high performance materials with enhanced biological responses.

Bioactive glasses are an attractive choice, as they are typically able to bond to bone more rapidly than other bioceramics. Since their discovery, bioactive glasses have opened unimaginable scenarios in the field of tissue regeneration, mainly thanks to their osteoinductive and osteoconductive characteristics, and also their capability of bonding to soft connective tissues.

Moreover, it is possible to tailor the properties of such materials by selectively varying the composition, and thus controlling the degradation rate in accordance with the rate of new tissue formation. Furthermore, the addition of specific ions can have a beneficial effect, for example, in terms of antibacterial properties. Additionally, bioactive glasses can promote angiogenesis, neovascularisation, osteoblasts proliferation, new bone growth, hemostasis, and even wound healing.

The combination, by varying the volume fractions of the two constituents, of bioactive glass with other materials, such as polymers, opens up new possibilities for the production of hybrid composites with properties tailored for specific clinical applications.

Bioglasses and their related composites can be produced in varoius forms, such as granules, scaffolds, moldable implants, and surface coatings, that are useful for many applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

For these reasons, it is my immense pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Full research articles, short communications, and reviews are welcome, that are related (but not limited to) the following topics: design and production of innovative bioactive glasses and/or their related composites, in vivo and in vitro studies, characterization and modeling of properties, and the functionalization of these systems. Submissions start on 1 January 2020.

Prof. Valeria Cannillo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Bioactive glasses
  • Bioactive composites
  • Scaffolds
  • Surface coatings
  • In vivo and in vitro tests
  • Additive manufacturing
  • Materials modeling
  • Tissue engineering
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Drug delivery

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5990 KiB  
Article
A Novel Bioactive Glass Containing Therapeutic Ions with Enhanced Biocompatibility
by Rachele Sergi, Devis Bellucci, Roberta Salvatori, Alexandre Anesi and Valeria Cannillo
Materials 2020, 13(20), 4600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204600 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2642
Abstract
A novel bioactive glass containing therapeutic ions with enhanced biocompatibility was designed and produced by the classical melt-quenching route. Starting from a very promising composition (Bio_MS), which combined bioactivity and high crystallization temperature, the ratio between some oxides was tailored to obtain a [...] Read more.
A novel bioactive glass containing therapeutic ions with enhanced biocompatibility was designed and produced by the classical melt-quenching route. Starting from a very promising composition (Bio_MS), which combined bioactivity and high crystallization temperature, the ratio between some oxides was tailored to obtain a new and more reactive (in terms of dissolution rate) bioactive glass, called BGMSN (composition in mol%: 6.1 Na2O, 31.3 CaO, 5 MgO, 10 SrO, 2.6 P2O5, 45 SiO2). The aim of this work was to produce a bioactive glass with a good biological performance, preserving, at the same time, the high crystallization temperature achieved for Bio_MS; this is strategic in order to avoid undesired crystalline phases during thermal treatments, which can undermine the bioactivity and even the stability of final products. A complete characterization of the novel bioactive glass was performed in terms of thermal, mechanical and biological properties and in vitro bioactivity. The thermal behavior of the bioactive glass was studied by heating microscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and optical dilatometry; BGMSN showed a very high crystallization temperature and a high sinterability parameter, thus being suitable for applications where thermal treatments are required, such as sintered samples, coatings and scaffolds. Mechanical properties were investigated by the micro-indentation technique. The in vitro biological properties were evaluated by means of both direct and indirect cell tests, i.e., neutral red (NR) uptake and MTT assay, using murine long bone osteocyte Y4 (MLO-Y4) cells: the cellular viability of BGMSN was higher compared to cellular viability of 45S5, both in direct and indirect tests. Finally, the in vitro bioactivity test by soaking samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed high dissolution rate, with a good rate of formation of hydroxyapatite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020)
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15 pages, 3246 KiB  
Article
Electrospun PCL Fiber Mats Incorporating Multi-Targeted B and Co Co-Doped Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Angiogenesis
by Si Chen, Dagmar Galusková, Hana Kaňková, Kai Zheng, Martin Michálek, Liliana Liverani, Dušan Galusek and Aldo R. Boccaccini
Materials 2020, 13(18), 4010; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184010 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3205
Abstract
Vascularization is necessary in tissue engineering to keep adequate blood supply in order to maintain the survival and growth of new tissue. The synergy of biologically active ions with multi-target activity may lead to superior angiogenesis promotion in comparison to single-target approaches but [...] Read more.
Vascularization is necessary in tissue engineering to keep adequate blood supply in order to maintain the survival and growth of new tissue. The synergy of biologically active ions with multi-target activity may lead to superior angiogenesis promotion in comparison to single-target approaches but it has been rarely investigated. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats embedded with B and Co co-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (BCo.BGNs) were fabricated as a tissue regeneration scaffold designed for promoting angiogenesis. BCo.NBGs were successfully prepared with well-defined spherical shape using a sol-gel method. The PCL fiber mats embedding co-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles were fabricated by electrospinning using benign solvents. The Young’s moduli of the nanoparticle containing PCL fiber mats were similar to those of the neat fiber mats and suitable for scaffolds utilized in soft tissue repair approaches. The mats also showed non-cytotoxicity to ST-2 cells. PCL fiber mats containing BCo.BGNs with a relatively high content of B and Co promoted the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor to a greater extent than PCL fiber mats with a relatively low B and Co contents, which demonstrates the potential of dual ion release (B and Co) from bioactive glasses to enhance angiogenesis in soft tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020)
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17 pages, 8874 KiB  
Article
Chitosan-Based Bioactive Glass Gauze: Microstructural Properties, In Vitro Bioactivity, and Biological Tests
by Rachele Sergi, Devis Bellucci, Roberta Salvatori and Valeria Cannillo
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122819 - 23 Jun 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3540
Abstract
Passive commercial gauzes were turned into interactive wound dressings by impregnating them with a chitosan suspension. To further improve healing, and cell adhesion and proliferation, chitosan/bioactive glass wound dressings were produced with the addition of (i) 45S5, (ii) a Sr- and Mg-containing bioactive [...] Read more.
Passive commercial gauzes were turned into interactive wound dressings by impregnating them with a chitosan suspension. To further improve healing, and cell adhesion and proliferation, chitosan/bioactive glass wound dressings were produced with the addition of (i) 45S5, (ii) a Sr- and Mg-containing bioactive glass, and (iii) a Zn-containing bioactive glass to the chitosan suspension. SEM and FTIR analyses evidenced positive results in terms of incorporation of bioactive glass particles. Bioactivity was investigated by soaking chitosan-based bioactive glass wound dressings in simulated body fluid (SBF). Cell viability, proliferation, and morphology were investigated using NIH 3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cells by neutral red (NR) uptake and MTT assays. Furthermore, the wound-healing rate was evaluated by means of the scratch test, using NIH 3T3. The results showed that bioactive glass particles enhance cell adhesion and proliferation, and wound healing compared to pure chitosan. Therefore, chitosan-based bioactive glass wound dressings combine the properties of the organic matrix with the specific biological characteristics of bioactive glasses to achieve chitosan composites suitable for healing devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020)
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7 pages, 1976 KiB  
Communication
On the in Vitro Biocompatibility Testing of Bioactive Glasses
by Devis Bellucci, Elena Veronesi, Massimo Dominici and Valeria Cannillo
Materials 2020, 13(8), 1816; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081816 - 12 Apr 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2590
Abstract
In this work, a new 3D cellular model—based on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM–MSCs)—was used for the first time to test the 45S5 Bioglass® (45S5). Such a model, previously used to evaluate the biologic performance of two novel bioactive glasses, [...] Read more.
In this work, a new 3D cellular model—based on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM–MSCs)—was used for the first time to test the 45S5 Bioglass® (45S5). Such a model, previously used to evaluate the biologic performance of two novel bioactive glasses, suggested out the regenerative potential of such materials. In fact, BM–MSCs were able both to adhere and colonize the biomaterials, as well as differentiate toward osteoblasts—even in absence of specific growth factors. Surprisingly, BM–MSCs were not able to colonize 45S5 granules (almost no adhesion and/or colonization was observed), and thus, were not capable of providing any osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the model seems to suggest that the two novel bioactive glasses have a better biologic performance than 45S5. If this hypothesis is confirmed also by in vivo tests, the 3D model may become a predictive tool for discriminating between different potential bioactive materials by comparatively evaluating them, and preliminarily selecting the best ones in relation to their biocompatibility potential—before proceeding with further experiments in vivo. This approach could favor the reduction of costs and time of pre-clinical and clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020)
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16 pages, 5833 KiB  
Article
A Structural Comparison of Ordered and Non-Ordered Ion Doped Silicate Bioactive Glasses
by Seray Schmitz, Ana M. Beltrán, Mark Cresswell and Aldo R. Boccaccini
Materials 2020, 13(4), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040992 - 22 Feb 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3582
Abstract
One of the key benefits of sol-gel-derived glasses is the presence of a mesoporous structure and the resulting increase in surface area. This enhancement in textural properties has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the materials. In this context the aim [...] Read more.
One of the key benefits of sol-gel-derived glasses is the presence of a mesoporous structure and the resulting increase in surface area. This enhancement in textural properties has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the materials. In this context the aim of this study was to investigate how sol-gel synthesis parameters can influence the textural and structural properties of mesoporous silicate glasses. We report the synthesis and characterization of metal ion doped sol-gel derived glasses with different dopants in the presence or absence of a surfactant (Pluronic P123) used as structure-directing templating agent. Characterization was done by several methods. Using a structure directing agent led to larger surface areas and highly ordered mesoporous structures. The chemical structure of the non-ordered glasses was modified to a larger extent than the one of the ordered glasses due to increased incorporation of dopant ions into the glass network. The results will help to further understand how the properties of sol-gel glasses can be controlled by incorporation of metal dopants, in conjunction with control over the textural properties, and will be important to optimize the properties of sol-gel glasses for specific applications, e.g., drug delivery, bone regeneration, wound healing, and antibacterial materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020)
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Review

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25 pages, 393 KiB  
Review
Bioactive Glass Applications: A Literature Review of Human Clinical Trials
by Maria Cannio, Devis Bellucci, Judith A. Roether, Dino. N. Boccaccini and Valeria Cannillo
Materials 2021, 14(18), 5440; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185440 - 20 Sep 2021
Cited by 125 | Viewed by 7462
Abstract
The use of bioactive glasses in dentistry, reconstructive surgery, and in the treatment of infections can be considered broadly beneficial based on the emerging literature about the potential bioactivity and biocompatibility of these materials, particularly with reference to Bioglass® 45S5, BonAlive® [...] Read more.
The use of bioactive glasses in dentistry, reconstructive surgery, and in the treatment of infections can be considered broadly beneficial based on the emerging literature about the potential bioactivity and biocompatibility of these materials, particularly with reference to Bioglass® 45S5, BonAlive® and 19-93B3 bioactive glasses. Several investigations have been performed (i) to obtain bioactive glasses in different forms, such as bulk materials, powders, composites, and porous scaffolds and (ii) to investigate their possible applications in the biomedical field. Although in vivo studies in animals provide us with an initial insight into the biological performance of these systems and represent an unavoidable phase to be performed before clinical trials, only clinical studies can demonstrate the behavior of these materials in the complex physiological human environment. This paper aims to carefully review the main published investigations dealing with clinical trials in order to better understand the performance of bioactive glasses, evaluate challenges, and provide an essential source of information for the tailoring of their design in future applications. Finally, the paper highlights the need for further research and for specific studies intended to assess the effect of some specific dissolution products from bioactive glasses, focusing on their osteogenic and angiogenic potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spotlight on Bioactive Glasses 2020)
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