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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2022) | Viewed by 24802

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Prof. Dr. Sung-Hwan Choi

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Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
Interests: biomaterials; biofilm; antifouling; antibacteria; zwitterions; orthodontics; orthognathic surgery; artificial intelligence; deep learning; computation biology
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Prof. Dr. Jae Sung Kwon

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Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
Interests: biomaterials; dental materials; biocompatibility; standard; medical devices; plasma
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Prof. Dr. Junghwan Lee

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Guest Editor

Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Korea
Interests: nanomaterials; functional biomaterials; cell reprograming; mechanotransduction

Prof. Dr. Dohyun Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
Interests: restorative dental materials; traumatic dental injuries; ultrasound in dentistry; CAD/CAM in dentistry
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is designed to publish a comprehensive study of all the latest biomaterials, medical devices, and digital technologies used in healthcare practice in Korea, which are at the forefront of biomaterial development and commercialization. Additionally, the healthcare system that has recently been highlighted following the Korean response to COVID-19 has helped both industries and academic institutes, furthering the research related to biomaterials applied in medicine and dentistry. Based on one of the largest research funds available, biomaterials have been a key topic in Korea for many years.

Hence, the aim of this Special Issue is to consider the recent advancement of state-of-the-Art biomaterials in Korea. All studies in this Special Issue should contribute to the development of innovative and practical biomaterials through efforts to overcome the mechanical, chemical, and biological limitations of the past. The topic would include but not be limited to the following themes:

Current trend of biomaterials research in Korea;
Biomaterials developed in Korea;
Test method of biomaterials developed in Korea;
Clinical studies related to biomaterials in Korean populations.

Prof. Dr. Sung-Hwan Choi
Prof. Dr. Jae Sung Kwon
Prof. Dr. Junghwan Lee
Prof. Dr. Dohyun Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

biomaterial
medical device
mechanical property
chemical property
biological properties
digital technology
antibacterial
antifouling
biocompatibility
durability

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enamel Demineralization Resistance and Remineralization by Various Fluoride-Releasing Dental Restorative Materials

by Min-Ji Kim, Myung-Jin Lee, Kwang-Mahn Kim, Song-Yi Yang, Ji-Young Seo, Sung-Hwan Choi and Jae-Sung Kwon

Materials 2021, 14(16), 4554; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164554 - 13 Aug 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3328

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the resistance of various fluoride-releasing restorative materials against the demineralization and remineralization of enamel surfaces, including those that have been recently introduced to the market. Three different fluoride-releasing restorative materials were considered: glass ionomer (FI), resin-modified glass ionomer (RL), and an alkasite restorative material (CN). The acid neutralization ability was investigated using pH measurement, and the concentrations of released fluoride and calcium ions were measured. Finally, the demineralization resistance and remineralization effects of enamel were observed using a microhardness tester and SEM. CN showed an initial substantial increase in pH followed by a steady increase, with values higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). All three groups released fluoride ions, and the CN group released more calcium ions than the other groups (p < 0.05). In the acid resistance test, from the microhardness and SEM images, the CN group showed effective resistance to demineralization. In the remineralization test, the microhardness results showed that the FI and CN groups recovered the microhardness from the values of the demineralized enamel surface (p < 0.05). This was confirmed by the SEM images from remineralization tests; the CN group showed a recovered demineralized surface when immersed in artificial saliva for 7 days. In conclusion, alkasite restorative material can be an effective material when used in cariogenic environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biomaterials in Korea)

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16 pages, 2379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Acid Mixtures on Surface Properties and Biaxial Flexural Strength of As-Sintered and Air-Abraded Zirconia

by Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Chan Kwon, Sunjai Kim, Young-Bum Park, June-Sung Shim and Hong-Seok Moon

Materials 2021, 14(9), 2359; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092359 - 1 May 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2057

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of application time of an acid mixture solution on the surface roughness, phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength of 3Y-TZP after sintering or air abrasion. For the biaxial flexural strength measurement, 220 3Y-TZP disk-shaped specimens were prepared after as-sintering or air abrasion. The etching solution comprised a mixture of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, methyl alcohol, and purified water. The samples were divided into 11 subgroups according to the etching times (Control, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 30 min). The results showed that acid treatment on both as-sintered and air-abraded 3Y-TZP surfaces increased the surface roughness. However, it had no significant effects on the monoclinic phase or flexural strength of as-sintered zirconia. The monoclinic phase and flexural strength of air-abraded zirconia increased sharply after air abrasion; however, they gradually decreased after acid treatment, to a similar level to the case of the untreated surface. Surface treatment with acid mixture increased the roughness, but the lack of increase of monoclinic phase is thought to be because the loose monoclinic particles remaining on the surface were removed through the etching process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biomaterials in Korea)

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13 pages, 1075 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparison of Accuracy of Different Dental Restorative Materials between Intraoral Scanning and Conventional Impression-Taking: An In Vitro Study

by Jung-Hwa Lim, Utkarsh Mangal, Na-Eun Nam, Sung-Hwan Choi, June-Sung Shim and Jong-Eun Kim

Materials 2021, 14(8), 2060; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14082060 - 19 Apr 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4521

Abstract

The properties of underlying substrates influence the quality of an intraoral scan, but few studies have compared the outcomes using common restorative materials. In this study, we aimed to compare the accuracy of digital and conventional impressions recorded for four different dental materials as the substrates. Experimental crowns were produced with a metallic surface (gold or cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr)) or without a metallic surface (zirconia or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)). A conventional impression was made in the conventional group (CON group), and gypsum models were subsequently scanned with a tabletop scanner. An intraoral scanner was used to scan the crowns either after applying a powder spray to reduce the surface reflectivity (IOS-P group) or without the powder spray (IOS group). The scans were assessed in three dimensions for precision and trueness. The accuracy did not differ between the CON and IOS groups for the non-metallic crowns. However, it was statistically different for the Co-Cr metallic crown, reducing trueness observed between groups as CON > IOS > IOS-P. The study evidences the differences in outer surface accuracy observed with a change in the substrate material to be imaged using an oral scanner and with the impression method. These findings suggest that the restoration material present in the oral cavity should be considered when selecting an impression-taking method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biomaterials in Korea)

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13 pages, 1363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical, Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Four Different Commercial Root-End Filling Materials: A Comparative Study

by Tae-Yun Kang, Ji-Won Choi, Kyoung-Jin Seo, Kwang-Mahn Kim and Jae-Sung Kwon

Materials 2021, 14(7), 1693; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071693 - 30 Mar 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2880

Abstract

Commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials such as Endocem MTA (EC), Dia-Root Bio MTA (DR), RetroMTA (RM), and ProRoot MTA (PR) are increasingly used as root-end filling materials. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the physicochemical and mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of these MTAs. The film thicknesses of EC and DR were considerably less than that of PR; however, RM’s film thickness was greater than that of PR. In addition, the setting times of EC, DR, and RM were shorter than that of PR (p < 0.05). The solubility was not significantly different among all groups. The three relatively new MTA groups (EC, DR, and RM) exhibited a significant difference in pH variation and calcium ion release relative to the PR group (p < 0.05). The radiopacity of the three new MTAs was considerably less than that of PR. The mechanical strength of RM was not significantly different from that of PR (p > 0.05); however, the EC and DR groups were not as strong as PR (p < 0.05). All MTA groups revealed cytocompatibility. In conclusion, the results of this study confirmed that EC, RM, DR, and PR exhibit clinically acceptable physicochemical and mechanical properties and cell cytotoxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biomaterials in Korea)

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13 pages, 5098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Commercial Stainless Steel Used in Dental Instruments

by Hye-Bin Go, Jae-Yun Bang, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kwang-Mahn Kim and Jae-Sung Kwon

Materials 2021, 14(4), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040827 - 9 Feb 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3298

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the element composition and grain size of commercial dental instruments used for ultrasonic scaler tips, which are composed of stainless-steel materials. The differences in mechanical properties and wear resistances were compared. The samples were classified into 4 groups in accordance with the manufacturer, Electro Medical Systems, 3A MEDES, DMETEC and OSUNG MND, and the element compositions of each stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tip were analyzed with micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). One-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in shear strength and Vickers hardness among the stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tips depending on the manufacturer (p < 0.05). The mass before and after wear were found to have no significant difference among groups (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the wear volume loss (p < 0.05). The results were then correlated with μXRF results as well as observations of grain size with optical microscopy, which concluded that the Fe content and the grain size of the stainless steel have significant impacts on strength. Additionally, stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tips with higher Vickers hardness values showed greater wear resistance, which would be an important wear characteristic for clinicians to check. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biomaterials in Korea)

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15 pages, 3266 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Color and Translucency Stability of Three-Dimensional Printable Dental Materials for Crown and Bridge Restorations

by Jong-Eun Kim, Won-Huy Choi, Dasun Lee, Yooseok Shin, Sung-Ho Park, Byoung-Duck Roh and Dohyun Kim

Materials 2021, 14(3), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030650 - 31 Jan 2021

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4380

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare color and translucency stability of three-dimensional (3D) printable dental materials for crown and bridge restorations. Five different materials were investigated, and twelve disc-shaped specimens of two different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) were prepared using a digital light processing 3D printer. Color measurements were made according to the CIELAB color scale (L*, a*, and b*) using a spectrophotometer 1 h, 1 day, 1 week, one month, and six months after post-curing of the materials, and the translucency parameter (TP) was calculated. The L*, a*, b*, and TP values were compared among the different materials and storage periods using repeated measures analysis of variance. Color and translucency changes of the specimens after the different storage periods were compared with 1 h measurements to determine whether they exceeded clinically perceivable thresholds. The L*, a*, b*, and TP values showed significant differences according to the storage periods, as well as among the materials. Until one month, some materials demonstrated distinct color differences, while others showed small color differences below a clinically perceivable threshold. The translucency differences were not clinically perceivable for any specimen. After six months, all specimens demonstrated large color changes, whereas the changes in translucency were relatively small. In conclusion, the color of 3D printable dental materials changed with time, and the differences varied with the materials used. On the contrary, the changes in translucency were small. Overall, the materials became darker, more yellowish, and more opaque after six months of water storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biomaterials in Korea)

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14 pages, 3584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scanning Accuracy of Bracket Features and Slot Base Angle in Different Bracket Materials by Four Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study

by Seon-Hee Shin, Hyung-Seog Yu, Jung-Yul Cha, Jae-Sung Kwon and Chung-Ju Hwang

Materials 2021, 14(2), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020365 - 13 Jan 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3165

Abstract

The accurate expression of bracket prescription is important for successful orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital scan images of brackets produced by four intraoral scanners (IOSs) when scanning the surface of the dental model attached with different bracket materials. Brackets made from stainless steel, polycrystalline alumina, composite, and composite/stainless steel slot were considered, which have been scanned from four different IOSs (Primescan, Trios, CS3600, and i500). SEM images were used as references. Each bracket axis was set in the reference scan image, and the axis was set identically by superimposing with the IOS image, and then only the brackets were divided and analyzed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences. The difference between the manufacturer’s nominal torque and bracket slot base angle was 0.39 in SEM, 1.96 in Primescan, 2.04 in Trios, and 5.21 in CS3600 (p < 0.001). The parallelism, which is the difference between the upper and lower angles of the slot wall, was 0.48 in SEM, 7.00 in Primescan, 5.52 in Trios, 6.34 in CS3600, and 23.74 in i500 (p < 0.001). This study evaluated the accuracy of the bracket only, and it must be admitted that there is some error in recognizing slots through scanning in general. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biomaterials in Korea)

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