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High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements
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High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 12427

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alireza Farzampour

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Permitting, Inspections and Enforcement, Prince George County Permitting & Licensing, Upper Marlboro, MD 20774, USA
2. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Tech College of Engineering, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
Interests: structural and material engineering focusing on material improvements; innovative lateral resisting systems; stability of structures; dynamical systems; optimization in steel applications; environmental effects on steel and concrete structures; seismic behavior prediction and system identification of structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infrastructures could be designed and constructed to withstand various lateral loads without experiencing a significant amount of damage concentration. Having sufficient strength and stiffness to reduce the structural vulnerabilities against serious damages under various loading conditions requires structural elements to have adequate ductility, energy-dissipating capability, stiffness, and durability.

This Special Issue aims to investigate advancements in high-performance steel structures from material to application  considering all the possible fields of study: Performance evaluations of steel structures, optimized steel systems, high-temperature reactions, innovative steel lateral resisting systems, high-strength steels, steel rebars, fatigue analysis methodologies, additively manufactured steels, corrosion, application possibilities of new sustainable materials and methods, steel dampers, steel applications, and advanced materials behavior compared with steel. These subjects can be studied from different points of view: mechanical, microstructural, material modelling, steel design, performance analysis, etc.

In summary, the present issue is open to all research pieces involving steel as a structural material in any of its applications, and from any of the possible technical or scientific perspectives.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Alireza Farzampour
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • performance of structural steel
  • mechanical properties
  • steel lateral resisting systems
  • steel metallurgy
  • optimization of steel system
  • microstructure
  • material modeling
  • fatigue behavior

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1893 KiB  
Article
Simplified Numerical Model for Determining Load-Bearing Capacity of Steel-Wire Ropes
by Juraj Hroncek, Pavel Marsalek, David Rybansky, Martin Sotola, Lukas Drahorad, Michal Lesnak and Martin Fusek
Materials 2023, 16(10), 3756; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103756 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Steel-wire rope is a mechanical component that has versatile uses and on which human lives depend. One of the basic parameters that serve to describe the rope is its load-bearing capacity. The static load-bearing capacity is a mechanical property characterized by the limit [...] Read more.
Steel-wire rope is a mechanical component that has versatile uses and on which human lives depend. One of the basic parameters that serve to describe the rope is its load-bearing capacity. The static load-bearing capacity is a mechanical property characterized by the limit static force that the rope is able to endure before it breaks. This value depends mainly on the cross-section and the material of the rope. The load-bearing capacity of the entire rope is obtained in tensile experimental tests. This method is expensive and sometimes unavailable due to the load limit of testing machines. At present, another common method uses numerical modeling to simulate an experimental test and evaluates the load-bearing capacity. The finite element method is used to describe the numerical model. The general procedure for solving engineering tasks of load-bearing capacity is by using the volume (3D) elements of a finite element mesh. The computational complexity of such a non-linear task is high. Due to the usability of the method and its implementation in practice, it is necessary to simplify the model and reduce the calculation time. Therefore, this article deals with the creation of a static numerical model which can evaluate the load-bearing capacity of steel ropes in a short time without compromising accuracy. The proposed model describes wires using beam elements instead of volume elements. The output of modeling is the response of each rope to its displacement and the evaluation of plastic strains in the ropes at selected load levels. In this article, a simplified numerical model is designed and applied to two constructions of steel ropes, namely the single strand rope 1 × 37 and multi-strand rope 6 × 7-WSC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements)
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16 pages, 12372 KiB  
Article
Study on Fatigue Crack Growth in Rail Steel at Numerical and Experimental Approaches
by Bing Yang, Shuancheng Wang, Jian Li, Xianwang Ding, Qian Xiao and Shoune Xiao
Materials 2023, 16(8), 2981; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16082981 - 9 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Affected by the service environment, the actual service conditions of rail steel are complex, and the safety evaluation methods are limited. In this study, the fatigue crack propagation in the U71MnG rail steel crack tip was analysed by means of the DIC method, [...] Read more.
Affected by the service environment, the actual service conditions of rail steel are complex, and the safety evaluation methods are limited. In this study, the fatigue crack propagation in the U71MnG rail steel crack tip was analysed by means of the DIC method, focusing on the shielding effect of the plastic zone at the crack tip. The crack propagation in the steel was analysed based on a microstructural approach. The results show that the maximum value of stress of the wheel–rail static contact and rolling contact is in the subsurface of the rail. The test grain size of the material selected along the L–T direction is smaller than that in the L–S one. Within a unit distance, if the grain size is smaller, the number of grains or grain boundaries will be greater so that the driving force required for a crack to pass through the grain boundary barriers will be larger. The Christopher–James–Patterson (CJP) model can well describe the contour of the plastic zone and can well characterize the influence of crack tip compatible stress and the crack closure effect on crack propagation under different stress ratios. The crack growth rate curve at the high-stress ratio is shifted to the left relative to the low-stress ratio, and the crack growth rate curves obtained under different sampling methods have good normalization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements)
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14 pages, 4404 KiB  
Article
Test on Compressive Performance of Concrete Filled Circular Steel Tube Connected by Thread through Inner Lining Tube
by Qingli Wang, Yijing Zhang and Kuan Peng
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8619; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238619 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1509
Abstract
The connection method of lengthening the steel tube of concrete filled circular steel tubes by inner lining tube and threaded connection is proposed. Taking the length, depth, and position of the thread as the basic parameters, 12 concrete filled circular steel tubes connected [...] Read more.
The connection method of lengthening the steel tube of concrete filled circular steel tubes by inner lining tube and threaded connection is proposed. Taking the length, depth, and position of the thread as the basic parameters, 12 concrete filled circular steel tubes connected by thread through inner lining tube were designed and manufactured, and an axial compressive test was carried out. The axial compressive loading-longitudinal compressive displacement curves, axial compressive loading-strain of steel tube curves, and failure mode of the specimens were analyzed, and the effects of different parameters on the axial compressive bearing capacity and stiffness of the specimens were studied. The results show that the axial compressive loading-longitudinal compressive displacement curves of the specimen can be divided into the elastic stage, elasto-plastic stage, and plastic reinforcement stage in the range of parameters studied in this paper. The bearing capacity and stiffness of the specimens connected by thread through inner lining tube are no worse than those of the unconnected specimen or the specimen connected by weld. Bearing capacity and stiffness of the specimen increase with the increase of thread length. The calculation method of the axial compressive bearing capacity of concrete filled circular steel tubes connected by thread through inner lining tube are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements)
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30 pages, 12288 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation on Progressive Collapse Mitigation of Steel Beam–Column Joint Using Steel Plates
by Mohammed Alrubaidi and S. A. Alhammadi
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7628; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217628 - 30 Oct 2022
Viewed by 2466
Abstract
This research employed extensive numerical analyses to locate the weak areas and determine the structural issues critical to preventing the spread of collapse. As a result, three specimens were tested using scaled models of strengthened and unstrengthened steel beam–column joint assemblies. The data [...] Read more.
This research employed extensive numerical analyses to locate the weak areas and determine the structural issues critical to preventing the spread of collapse. As a result, three specimens were tested using scaled models of strengthened and unstrengthened steel beam–column joint assemblies. The data were utilized to verify numerical models. One simple shear joint from the three experimental assemblies was used as the control specimen (unstrengthened joint). The second was a bolted steel beam–column joint utilized as a reference specimen to reflect the ideal beam–column joint generally employed in intermediate moment-resisting frames in seismic zones worldwide. Similar to the control, the third specimen (strengthened joint) had two side plates welded together to strengthen the connection site. Numerical finite element models were developed using ABAQUS (2020) software to extensively investigate the behavior of steel frame assemblies before and after upgrading. The FEM matrix comprised 17 specimens with varying parameters, including plate thickness, steel grade, a joint between the beam flange-strengthening plates, and a column that was either welded or not welded. The effectiveness of the strengthening techniques was established by comparing the mode of failure and load–displacement characteristics of the investigated specimens. The results indicate that the average increase in peak load due to a change in plate thickness for grades A36 and A572 is approximately 22% and 8%, respectively. Plates made of A572 steel increase peak load by 30%. All strengthened specimens attained catenary action, mitigating the possibility of progressive collapse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements)
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15 pages, 7428 KiB  
Article
Effects of Infill Plate’s Interconnection and Boundary Element Stiffness on Steel Plate Shear Walls’ Seismic Performance
by Nima Paslar and Alireza Farzampour
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165487 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1728
Abstract
Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are among the most desirable load-bearing systems, which have been used wildly in various structures. Recently, designers have tended to SPSWs with only beam connections showing several problems. In the present research, several SPSWs with various types of [...] Read more.
Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are among the most desirable load-bearing systems, which have been used wildly in various structures. Recently, designers have tended to SPSWs with only beam connections showing several problems. In the present research, several SPSWs with various types of connection conditions between infill plate and boundary elements, and various stiffness of boundary elements have been studied. The result illustrates that by having the full connection between infill plate and boundary elements, at least a 33% interconnected infill plate to columns could eliminate the significant loss of fundamental factors in SPSWs connected to beam only. Furthermore, increasing the stiffness of columns has more effect on the performance of SPSWs in comparison with beams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements)
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20 pages, 8950 KiB  
Article
Innovative Structural Fuse Systems for Various Prototype Applications
by Alireza Farzampour
Materials 2022, 15(3), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030805 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2117
Abstract
To resist the imposed lateral forces on the structures, hysteric dampers are developed from steel plates and strategically implemented within various structural applications. Structural shear dampers have recently been used to alleviate damage, while remaining members remain intact and undamaged. The practical use [...] Read more.
To resist the imposed lateral forces on the structures, hysteric dampers are developed from steel plates and strategically implemented within various structural applications. Structural shear dampers have recently been used to alleviate damage, while remaining members remain intact and undamaged. The practical use of the innovative dampers in structural applications is investigated in this study. For this purpose, the design methodology for a set of innovative shear dampers is initially elaborated, for which the dampers are designed considering the governing shear and flexural ductile limit states, while the brittle buckling limit state is prevented. Subsequently, the finite element modeling methodology is verified and compared to laboratory tests for computationally analyzing various shapes of the shear damper in structural applications. Three major general prototype structures are established, and shear dampers are designed to be incorporated in prototype applications. For each of the proposed applications, at least six different shapes of shear dampers are designed and subsequently compared with conventional systems. The results determined that the use of innovative shear dampers could effectively reduce demand forces on the boundary elements by more than 40% on average, while the strength and the stiffness alter within margin of difference less than 5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Structural Steel: Innovative Systems and Material Improvements)
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