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Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic...
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Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic Diagnosis, Therapy and Surgery

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2024) | Viewed by 8856

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marta Świerczyńska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
2. Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
Interests: genetics; optical coherence tomography; uveitis; glaucoma; retinal dystrophy; retinal disease; pediatric ophthalmology
Dr. Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
2. Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
Interests: corneal diseases; corneal topography; refractive surgery; penetrating keratoplasty; cataract; glaucoma; myopia; anterior segment; optical coherence tomography
Dr. Erita Filipek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
2. Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
Interests: cataract—congenital, developmental; glaucoma—congenital, juvenile; uveitis; retinal detachment; retinal dystrophy; retinal disease; strabismus; pediatric ophthalmology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On behalf of the Medicina editorial team, we are delighted to present the Special Issue “‘Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic Diagnosis, Therapy and Surgery”.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, high-resolution biomedical optical imaging technology that can detect the internal microstructure of biological tissues in vivo. Closely mimicking histopathology, OCT imaging provides tissue details. Being non-invasive, OCT provides an opportunity for serial imaging during follow-up visits.

OCT technology has undergone several improvements, such as spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT), swept source OCT (SS-OCT), enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT), wide field OCT, intraoperative OCT, OCT angiography (OCTA) and adaptive optics OCT, whereas anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) helps in in both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of parameters in anterior eye pathologies. Despite this revolution in ophthalmic imaging, numerous challenges are emerging, such as the place of artificial intelligence in OCT.

This Special Issue aims to present selected original research papers, case reports and review articles that discuss the present clinical and intraoperative applications of ophthalmic imaging, recent advances and potential future developments. You are welcome to submit manuscripts regarding all kinds of OCT that improve the differential diagnosis as well as treatment of various corneal, retinal and choroidal disorders.

Dr. Marta Świerczyńska
Dr. Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
Dr. Erita Filipek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optical coherence tomography
  • optical coherence angiography
  • anterior segment optical coherence tomography
  • age-related macular degeneration
  • choroidal neovascularization
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • macular edema
  • central serous chorioretinopathy
  • uveitis
  • choroidal disorders
  • inherited retinal disease
  • epiretinal membrane
  • macular hole
  • corneal disease
  • glaucoma

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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11 pages, 3209 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Selected Biometric Parameters in Cataract Patients—A Comparison between Argos® and IOLMaster 700®: Two Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Biometers
by Mateusz Porwolik, Agnieszka Porwolik and Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
Medicina 2024, 60(7), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60071057 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1707
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To compare the biometry of eyes obtained with two swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometers—Argos (A), using an individual refractive index, and IOLMaster 700 (IM), using an equivalent refractive index—for all structures. Materials and Methods: The biometry of 105 [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: To compare the biometry of eyes obtained with two swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometers—Argos (A), using an individual refractive index, and IOLMaster 700 (IM), using an equivalent refractive index—for all structures. Materials and Methods: The biometry of 105 eyes of 105 patients before cataracts were analyzed in this study. Parameters such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were compared from both devices. According to the axial length measurements, patients were divided into three groups, as follows: group 1—short eyes (AL < 22.5 mm), group 2—average eyes (22.5 ≤ AL ≤ 26.0 mm), and group 3—long eyes (AL > 26.0 mm). Results: The correlation coefficiency among all compared parameters varies from R = 0.92 to R = 1.00, indicating excellent reliability of IM and A. A statistical significance in axial length was indicated in the group of short eyes (n = 26)—mean AL (A) 21.90 mm (±0.59 mm) vs. AL (IM) 21.8 mm ± (0.61 mm) (p < 0.001)—and in the group of long eyes (n = 5)—mean AL (A) 27.95 mm (±2.62 mm) vs. mean AL (IM) 28.10 mm (±2.64) (p < 0.05). In the group of average eyes (n = 74), outcomes were similar—mean AL (A) 23.56 mm (±0.70 mm) vs. mean AL (IM) 23,56 mm (±0.71 mm) (p > 0.05). The anterior chamber depth measurements were higher when obtained with Argos than with IOLMaster 700—mean ACD (A) 3.06 mm (±0.48 mm) vs. mean ACD (IM) 2.92 mm (±0.46) p < 0.001. There was no statistical significance in mean LT—mean LT (A) 4.75 mm (±0.46 mm) vs. mean LT (IM) 4.72 mm (±0.44 mm) (p = 0.054). The biometry of one eye with dense cataracts could be measured only with Argos, using the Enhanced Retinal Visualization mode. Conclusions: Axial length measurements from both devices were different in the groups of short and long eyes, but were comparable in the group of average eyes. The anterior chamber depth values obtained with Argos were higher than the measurements acquired with IOLMaster 700. These differences may be particularly important when selecting IOLs for patients with extreme AL values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic Diagnosis, Therapy and Surgery)
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13 pages, 721 KiB  
Article
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Assessment of the Optic Nerve Head in Patients Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia
by Magdalena Kal, Michał Brzdęk, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Antonio Pinna, Jerzy Mackiewicz, Dominik Odrobina, Mateusz Winiarczyk and Izabella Karska-Basta
Medicina 2024, 60(3), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030502 - 19 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1559
Abstract
Background and objectives: We aimed to investigate changes in the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of patients hospitalized [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: We aimed to investigate changes in the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia between March and May 2021. The control group included healthy individuals matched for age and sex. Two months after discharge, the patients underwent ophthalmological examination, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. The RPC network and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of the optic disc (RNFL optic disc) were automatically evaluated and compared between the study groups. Additionally, the RPC parameters were compared between the men and women in the COVID-19 group, and correlations between the RPC and RNFL optic disc parameters were assessed. Results: A total of 63 patients (120 eyes) with bilateral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were examined. No ophthalmic symptoms were reported by the patients. No significant differences were observed in the RPC parameters between the patients from the COVID-19 group and the 43 healthy controls. Moreover, the RPC parameters did not differ between the men and women in the COVID-19 group. A positive correlation was found between the RPC and RNFL optic disc parameters in the COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions: No changes in the RPC network were observed among the patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia in the early period after hospital discharge. However, a longer follow-up is needed to monitor COVID-19–related changes in the microvasculature of the optic nerve head. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic Diagnosis, Therapy and Surgery)
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11 pages, 303 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Retinal Microangiopathy in Patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography—A Pilot Study
by Jasmina Djordjevic-Jocic, Jovana Cukuranovic Kokoris, Branka Mitic, Dragan Bogdanovic, Marija Trenkic, Nevena Zlatanovic, Hristina Jocic and Rade Cukuranovic
Medicina 2024, 60(1), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010192 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1898
Abstract
Background and Objectives: It is well known that alterations in microvascular structure and function contribute to the development of ocular, renal, and cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, the presence of fundus vascular changes in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Balkan endemic [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: It is well known that alterations in microvascular structure and function contribute to the development of ocular, renal, and cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, the presence of fundus vascular changes in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) may provide information of prognostic value regarding the progression of renal disease. This study aimed to examine the associations between clinical characteristics and retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with BEN and compare them with those in CKD. Materials and Methods: This pilot study, conducted from March 2021 to April 2022, included 63 patients who were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 29 patients suffering from BEN, and the second was a control group of 34 patients with CKD. Demographic, laboratory, clinical, and medication data were noted for all the patients included in this study. Each eye underwent OCT angiography, and the results were interpreted in accordance with the practical guide for the interpretation of OCTA findings. Results: Statistically significantly higher levels of total serum protein and triglycerides were recorded in the BEN group than in the CKD group, while the level of HDL cholesterol was lower. Based on the performed urinalysis, statistically significantly higher values of total protein and creatinine were detected in patients with CKD compared to the BEN group. It was demonstrated that the OCTA vascular plexus density of certain parts of the retina was in significant association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine clearance, urinary creatinine, total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus type 2, age, body mass index, total serum and urinary protein, sCRP, and diuretic and antihypertensive treatment. Conclusions: In comparison with CKD, BEN leads to more significant disturbances in retinal vasculature density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic Diagnosis, Therapy and Surgery)
10 pages, 719 KiB  
Article
Correlation of the OCT Double-Layer Sign with Type 1 Non-Exudative Neovascularization on OCT-A in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
by Dragana Ristic, Mirko Resan, Igor Pancevski, Petar Ristic, Miroslav Vukosavljevic, Milos Cvetkovic and Bojan Pajic
Medicina 2023, 59(10), 1829; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101829 - 14 Oct 2023
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early diagnosis of the exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is very important for a timely first treatment, which is directly related to the preservation of functional visual acuity over a long period. The goal of this paper [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Early diagnosis of the exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is very important for a timely first treatment, which is directly related to the preservation of functional visual acuity over a long period. The goal of this paper was to examine the correlation between the double-layer sign (DLS) and the presence of non-exudative macular neovascularization (MNV). Materials and Methods: Our research included 60 patients with AMD, exudative in one eye and non-exudative in the other eye. We analyzed only the non-exudative form using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). The patients were classified into three groups, depending on the duration of the disease (<2 years, 2 to 5 years, >5 years). The onset of the disease was deemed the moment of establishing a diagnosis of exudative AMD in one eye. We defined the presence or absence of a DLS using OCT and the presence of non-exudative MNV using OCT-A, both on 3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm sections. DLS was used as a projection biomarker for non-exudative MNV, with the aim of establishing a rapid diagnosis and achieving early treatment of the disease. Results: We found that there was a statistically significant correlation between the DLS diagnosed using OCT and non-exudative MNV diagnosed by OCT-A for both 3 × 3 mm (p < 0.001) and 6 × 6 mm (p < 0.001) imaging. There was a statistically significant difference between the frequencies of both DLS and MNV in Groups I and III on both 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm imaging. A statistically significant difference was also noted in the frequencies of DLS and MNV on 6 × 6 mm imaging, but not on 3 × 3 mm imaging, between Groups I and II. No differences were found between the frequencies of DLS and MNV between Groups II and III. Conclusions: The DLS on OCT can be used as a projection biomarker to assess the presence of a non-exudative MNV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic Diagnosis, Therapy and Surgery)
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9 pages, 18592 KiB  
Case Report
Use of Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Endogenous Candida Endophthalmitis: A Case Report
by Agnieszka Kubicka-Trząska, Dawid Bugara, Katarzyna Żuber-Łaskawiec, Weronika Pociej-Marciak, Anna Markiewicz, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon and Izabella Karska-Basta
Medicina 2024, 60(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020207 - 25 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1521
Abstract
Background: Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis (ECE) is a rare but sight-threatening disease. Patients with ECE present with various clinical signs and symptoms, which can complicate the diagnosis. The aim of this report was to demonstrate the outcomes of treatment and to diagnose macular complications [...] Read more.
Background: Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis (ECE) is a rare but sight-threatening disease. Patients with ECE present with various clinical signs and symptoms, which can complicate the diagnosis. The aim of this report was to demonstrate the outcomes of treatment and to diagnose macular complications caused by intraocular inflammation. Case presentation: A 41-year-old woman with a history of acute intermittent porphyria presented with a progressive vision loss in her left eye. Left-eye OCT revealed findings consistent with a fungal etiology, which was confirmed by the culture of swabs collected from a central vein catheter. The outcomes of intravenous fluconazole treatment were not satisfactory, and the patient developed recurrent attacks of porphyria, suggesting a porphyrogenic effect of systemic antifungal therapy. Repeated intravitreal injections with amphotericin B led to a gradual regression of inflammatory lesions. However, follow-up examinations revealed active macular neovascularization (MNV) on both OCT and OCTA scans. The patient was administered intravitreal bevacizumab. At the 11th month of follow-up, OCT and OCTA scans showed significant inflammatory lesions regression with macula scarring, and no MNV activity was detected. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of OCT and OCTA as valuable noninvasive imaging techniques for the identification of ECE, the monitoring of its clinical course, and the diagnosis of macular complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Clinic Diagnosis, Therapy and Surgery)
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