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Metabolites
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Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease
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Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Integrative Metabolomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 13303

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yen Chin Koay

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
Interests: gut microbiota-derived metabolites; cardiometabolic; bacterial; diet; cardiovascular disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In line with the growing literature on the importance of gut microbial metabolism in human cardiometabolic health, this Special Issue of Metabolites, entitled "Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease," will be dedicated to examining diet–microbiota–host interactions in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease development. The topics that will be covered by this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the identification and quantification of metabolites (in plasma and stool samples) and microbial species (in sampling sites such as saliva, stool and cecum) affected by host diet and their relevance to CVD (coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, etc.) in animal or human studies. This Special Issue highlights the use of data integration of microbiome and metabolome studies (applying computational and mathematical/statistical modeling to identify pathway perturbation) to investigate the relationship between diet, the microbiome and the gut and circulating metabolome at different stages of heart disease.

Dr. Yen Chin Koay
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Gut microbiome
  • Microbial metabolites
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Health
  • Lipids
  • Diet
  • Nutrition

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 5358 KiB  
Article
Revealing the Pathogenesis of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats through Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis
by Ya-nan Ou-Yang, Meng-di Yuan, Zheng-mao Yang, Zhuo Min, Yue-xin Jin and Zhong-min Tian
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111076 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2437
Abstract
Salt-induced renal metabolism dysfunction is an important mechanism of salt-sensitive hypertension. Given that the gut-liver axis is the first hit of a high-salt diet (HSD), we aimed to identify the extra-renal mechanism from hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota, and attempted to relieve the [...] Read more.
Salt-induced renal metabolism dysfunction is an important mechanism of salt-sensitive hypertension. Given that the gut-liver axis is the first hit of a high-salt diet (HSD), we aimed to identify the extra-renal mechanism from hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota, and attempted to relieve the salt-induced metabolic dysfunctions by curcumin. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the changes in hepatic metabolic pathways, and integrated analysis was employed to reveal the relationship between hepatic metabolic dysfunction and gut microbial composition. HSD induced significant increase in fumaric acid, l-lactic acid, creatinine, l-alanine, glycine, and l-cysteine levels, and amino acids metabolism pathways associated with glycolysis were significantly altered, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, which were involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that changes in Paraprevotella, Erysipelotrichaceae, and genera from Clostridiales are associated with metabolic disorders. Gene functional predication analysis based on 16S Ribosomal RNA sequences showed that the dysfunction in hepatic metabolism were correlated with enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and apoptosis in gut microbes. Curcumin (50 mg/kg/d) might reduce gut microbes-associated LPS biosynthesis and apoptosis, partially reverse metabolic dysfunction, ameliorate renal oxidative stress, and protect against salt-sensitive hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease)
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13 pages, 1651 KiB  
Article
Intersection of Diet and Exercise with the Gut Microbiome and Circulating Metabolites in Male Bodybuilders: A Pilot Study
by Alison W. S. Luk, Lachlan Mitchell, Yen Chin Koay, John F. O’Sullivan, Helen O’Connor, Daniel A. Hackett and Andrew Holmes
Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100911 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
Diet, exercise and the gut microbiome are all factors recognised to be significant contributors to cardiometabolic health. However, diet and exercise interventions to modify the gut microbiota to improve health are limited by poor understanding of the interactions between them. In this pilot [...] Read more.
Diet, exercise and the gut microbiome are all factors recognised to be significant contributors to cardiometabolic health. However, diet and exercise interventions to modify the gut microbiota to improve health are limited by poor understanding of the interactions between them. In this pilot study, we explored diet–exercise–microbiome dynamics in bodybuilders as they represent a distinctive group that typically employ well-defined dietary strategies and exercise regimes to alter their body composition. We performed longitudinal characterisation of diet, exercise, the faecal microbial community composition and serum metabolites in five bodybuilders during competition preparation and post-competition. All participants reduced fat mass while conserving lean mass during competition preparation, corresponding with dietary energy intake and exercise load, respectively. There was individual variability in food choices that aligned to individualised gut microbial community compositions throughout the study. However, there was a common shift from a high protein, low carbohydrate diet during pre-competition to a more macronutrient-balanced diet post-competition, which was associated with similar changes in the gut microbial diversity across participants. The circulating metabolite profiles also reflected individuality, but a subset of metabolites relating to lipid metabolism distinguished between pre- and post-competition. Changes in the gut microbiome and circulating metabolome were distinct for each individual, but showed common patterns. We conclude that further longitudinal studies will have greater potential than cross-sectional studies in informing personalisation of diet and exercise regimes to enhance exercise outcomes and improve health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease)
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Review

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27 pages, 3516 KiB  
Review
Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota Remodeling, and Cardiometabolic Disease
by Letizia Guiducci, Giuseppina Nicolini and Francesca Forini
Metabolites 2023, 13(6), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060760 - 17 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2912
Abstract
The cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, collectively known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are high morbidity and mortality pathologies associated with lower quality of life and increasing health-care costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in dictating the interpersonal variability in CMD susceptibility, progression [...] Read more.
The cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, collectively known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are high morbidity and mortality pathologies associated with lower quality of life and increasing health-care costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in dictating the interpersonal variability in CMD susceptibility, progression and treatment response is beginning to be deciphered, as is the mutualistic relation established between the GM and diet. In particular, dietary factors emerge as pivotal determinants shaping the architecture and function of resident microorganisms in the human gut. In turn, intestinal microbes influence the absorption, metabolism, and storage of ingested nutrients, with potentially profound effects on host physiology. Herein, we present an updated overview on major effects of dietary components on the GM, highlighting the beneficial and detrimental consequences of diet–microbiota crosstalk in the setting of CMD. We also discuss the promises and challenges of integrating microbiome data in dietary planning aimed at restraining CMD onset and progression with a more personalized nutritional approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease)
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Other

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17 pages, 539 KiB  
Systematic Review
Impact of Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition and Microbiota-Associated Functions in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Studies
by Marta Palombaro, Pauline Raoul, Marco Cintoni, Emanuele Rinninella, Gabriele Pulcini, Nadia Aspromonte, Gianluca Ianiro, Antonio Gasbarrini and Maria Cristina Mele
Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121271 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2325
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. The latest evidence shows that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota might play a pivotal role in the prevention and management of HF. This systematic review aims at assessing [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) represents a cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. The latest evidence shows that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota might play a pivotal role in the prevention and management of HF. This systematic review aims at assessing the potential associations between the diet, gut microbiota, and derived metabolites with the outcomes of HF. A systematic literature search was performed up to July 2022 on the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The PRISMA guidelines were followed when possible. The risk of bias was assessed with the SYRCLE and ARRIVE tools. A total of nine pre-clinical studies on animal models, with considerable heterogeneity in dietary interventions, were included. High-fiber/prebiotic diets (n = 4) and a diet rich in polyphenols (n = 1) modified the gut microbiota composition and increased microbial metabolites’ activities, linked with an improvement in HF outcomes, such as a reduction in systolic blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and left ventricular thickness. A high-fat diet (n = 2) or a diet rich in choline (n = 2) induced an increase in TMAO and indole derivative production associated with a decrease in cardiac function, systemic endotoxemia, and inflammation and an increase in cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling. Although results are retrieved from animal studies, this systematic review shows the key role of the diet—especially a high-fiber and prebiotic diet—on gut microbial metabolites in improving HF outcomes. Further studies on human cohorts are needed to identify personalized therapeutic dietary interventions to improve cardiometabolic health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease)
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7 pages, 702 KiB  
Brief Report
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a Potential Mediator of an Association between Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) among African Americans at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
by Alyssa M. Baginski, Nicole Farmer, Yvonne Baumer, Gwenyth R. Wallen and Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121196 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)—a microbial metabolite derived from the hepatic–gut axis—is linked to inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which is largely hepatically expressed, blocks low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor recycling, also leading to hyperlipidemia. The primary objective of [...] Read more.
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)—a microbial metabolite derived from the hepatic–gut axis—is linked to inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which is largely hepatically expressed, blocks low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor recycling, also leading to hyperlipidemia. The primary objective of this study was to investigate a previously hypothesized potential relationship between TMAO and PCSK9 in order to explore novel mechanisms linking TMAO and CVD risk. African American adults at risk of CVD living in the Washington DC area were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study (n = 60, 93% female, BMI = 33). Fasting levels of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-8), TMAO, and PCSK9 were measured using Luminex and ELISA, respectively. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses and structural equation mediation analyses were conducted using STATA. All models were adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and atherosclerotic CVD risk score (ASCVD). A significant association between TMAO and PCSK9 was identified (β = 0.31, p = 0.02). Both TMAO and PCSK9 were significantly associated with IL-8 (TMAO: β = 0.45, p = 0.00; PCSK9: β = 0.23, p = 0.05) in adjusted models. Mediation analysis indicated that 34.77% of the relationship between TMAO and PCSK9 was explained by IL-8. Our findings indicate a potential PCSK9-involved pathway for TMAO and CVD risk, with potential mediation by IL-8. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary–Microbiome–Metabolic Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease)
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