Advances in Food Sciences: Metabolomics to Unravel the Complexity of Food Metabolites

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Metabolomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 March 2025 | Viewed by 2905

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Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
Interests: metabolic phenotyping; inflammatory bowel disease; personalized nutrition; pharmacology; toxicology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutritional dark matter relates to those unknown compounds that we eat daily, and food, a member of the exposome, has crucial health implications. It is well known that nutrition-fact labels inform mainly about calories, macronutrients (fat, protein, carbohydrates), and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals). And sometimes, the names of the ingredients used are also reported on the package of the food we eat. However, there is a big gap to fill in knowing at a molecular level all the compounds we eat as what is reported is not sufficient, because food is more complex in its chemistry and biology. For instance, carbohydrates represent a big challenge to study per se. The challenge continues for those compounds that are not characterized yet and that in turn precludes their study on their possible effects on health to know which ones could be beneficial, inert, or detrimental, and whether they act on their own or in combination with other compounds to produce a biological activity.

It gets more complicated when food is cooked as the way it is cooked could produce chemical reactions that transform “raw” compounds into different ones. This gets even more complex due to inter-individual differences in response to the same compound. Furthermore, these unknown compounds could be at very low concentrations, which could imply no effect. However, it is known that some compounds (like some drugs or vitamins) can exert biological activity at low concentrations (i.e., dose), effect known as hormesis.

The chemistry of food components is complex, and complex is the effects they may have on both sides of the superorganism, the host, and its microbiome. The classical instance for this is choline contained in eggs, poultry, dairy, red meat, and seafood, whereby TMAO is produced through combinatorial metabolism between the host and its microbiota, and it has cardiovascular implications such as atherosclerosis. Therefore, knowing the dark matter in our diet and its effects on our health, dietary recommendation can be improved towards personalised nutrition.

Ergo, this Special Issue welcomes clinical and non-clinical studies using metabolomics approach to unveil new compounds from food, and if possible, their biological effects. Hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) are the analytical platforms to be considered. Regarding MS, this Special Issue will focus on chromatography (e.g., gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or ion chromatography (IC)) or capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated with MS.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on this topic are also welcome. 

Dr. José Iván Serrano-Contreras
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • foodomics
  • nutrimetabolomics
  • phytochemicals
  • food chemistry
  • food analysis
  • dark matter in diet
  • nutritional dark matter
  • nutritional hormesis
  • untargeted/targeted analysis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

31 pages, 1017 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Modulation of the Gut–Brain Axis: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Interventions in Depression and Anxiety Management
by Mariana Merino del Portillo, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Pablo Ruisoto, Manuel Jimenez, Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo, Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez and José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
Metabolites 2024, 14(10), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100549 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 2450
Abstract
Mental health is an increasing topic of focus since more than 500 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. In this multifactorial disorder, parameters such as inflammation, the state of the microbiota and, therefore, the patient’s nutrition are receiving more [...] Read more.
Mental health is an increasing topic of focus since more than 500 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. In this multifactorial disorder, parameters such as inflammation, the state of the microbiota and, therefore, the patient’s nutrition are receiving more attention. In addition, food products are the source of many essential ingredients involved in the regulation of mental processes, including amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamins, and others. For this reason, this narrative review was carried out with the aim of analyzing the role of nutrition in depression and anxiety disorders. To reach the review aim, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, and CinAhl. The results show a direct relationship between what we eat and the state of our nervous system. The gut–brain axis is a complex system in which the intestinal microbiota communicates directly with our nervous system and provides it with neurotransmitters for its proper functioning. An imbalance in our microbiota due to poor nutrition will cause an inflammatory response that, if sustained over time and together with other factors, can lead to disorders such as anxiety and depression. Changes in the functions of the microbiota–gut–brain axis have been linked to several mental disorders. It is believed that the modulation of the microbiome composition may be an effective strategy for a new treatment of these disorders. Modifications in nutritional behaviors and the use of ergogenic components are presented as important non-pharmacological interventions in anxiety and depression prevention and treatment. It is desirable that the choice of nutritional and probiotic treatment in individual patients be based on the results of appropriate biochemical and microbiological tests. Full article
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