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Metals
Special Issues
Green Super-Clean Steels
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Green Super-Clean Steels

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 1307

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yanling Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: research on application of solid waste such as red mud in steelmaking process; research on basic rheology and melt properties of metallurgical slag; steelmaking process technology theory and application; comprehensive utilization of secondary resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With global attention directed toward environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as the transformation of energy structure and changes in market demand for the comprehensive performance requirements of steel, green super-clean steel has become a hot topic for domestic and foreign scholars to study. Metallurgists define steel in which the sum of the C, S, P, N, H, and T[O] mass fractions is not more than 40 × 10−6 as ultra-clean steel. Research on super-clean steel is not only limited to the extremely low content of impurity elements such as C, S, and P but also to the harmlessness of non-metallic inclusions. Canada Mitchell and Nippon Steel Fukumoto proposed the concept of “zero-inclusion steel”. The so-called “zero-inclusion steel” is not a steel without inclusions, but rather, inclusions smaller than 1 μm cannot be observed with an optical microscope. Non-metallic inclusions have a great impact on the cleanliness and mechanical properties of steel. Controlling the size and composition of inclusions will result in “clean steel” with excellent properties. At the same time, based on an understanding of the effect of inclusions on steel properties, the composition, morphology, size, and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in steel are designed and regulated according to thermodynamic principles for different steel grades in order to obtain the desired composition of inclusions and steel properties.

This Special Issue focuses on the latest developments in the fields of green low-carbon metallurgy and super-clean steel smelting. Research related to ultra-low-sulfur steels, low- and ultra-low-phosphorus steels, low-nitrogen steels, and zero-inclusion steel smelting in laboratories and steel mills is of interest. Research in the fields of gas-based reductive metallurgy and resource utilization of steel solid waste is also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Yanling Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultra-low-sulfur steel
  • ultra-low-phosphorus steel
  • zero-inclusion steel
  • gas-based reduction
  • comprehensive use of resources

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 10411 KiB  
Article
A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification
by Peng Zhao, Shulei Yang, Yu Gu, Wei Liu and Shufeng Yang
Metals 2024, 14(10), 1150; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14101150 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 521
Abstract
Complex oxide–carbonitrides (MgO-Ti(CN), Al2O3-Ti(CN), and MgO·Al2O3-Ti(CN)) are the most common non-metallic inclusions presented in cast and wrought superalloys. In this work, a coupled kinetics model was proposed to predict the complex oxide–carbonitride inclusion’s precipitation behavior [...] Read more.
Complex oxide–carbonitrides (MgO-Ti(CN), Al2O3-Ti(CN), and MgO·Al2O3-Ti(CN)) are the most common non-metallic inclusions presented in cast and wrought superalloys. In this work, a coupled kinetics model was proposed to predict the complex oxide–carbonitride inclusion’s precipitation behavior during the solidification of superalloys. This model takes into account thermodynamics, micro-segregation, heterogeneous nucleation in the inter-dendritic liquid, and growth controlled by the diffusion of solute elements and kinetics of interfacial reaction. The results demonstrated that both the cooling rate and nitrogen content take significant effects on the final size of complex oxide–carbonitride inclusions, as the former controls the total growth time and the latter determines the initial precipitation temperature. In comparison, the particle size of primary oxides shows a negligible impact on the final size of complex inclusions. The practice of an industrial vacuum arc remelting confirmed that the inclusion size variation predicted by the present model is reasonably consistent with the experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Super-Clean Steels)
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20 pages, 16114 KiB  
Article
Investigation on the Solidification Structure of Q355 in 475 mm Extra-Thick Slabs Adopting Cellular Automaton-Finite Element Model
by Kezai Yu, Minglin Wang, Haihan Fan, Zhonghua Zhan, Zixiang Ren and Lijun Xu
Metals 2024, 14(9), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091012 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
The solidification structure characteristics are decisive for the production of extra-thick slabs. This study developed a solidification heat transfer model and a cellular automaton–finite element coupled model to investigate the solidification behavior and structure characteristics of a 475 mm extra-thick slab. The models [...] Read more.
The solidification structure characteristics are decisive for the production of extra-thick slabs. This study developed a solidification heat transfer model and a cellular automaton–finite element coupled model to investigate the solidification behavior and structure characteristics of a 475 mm extra-thick slab. The models were applied under various continuous casting process parameters and different alloy element content. The simulation results reveal that casting speed has the most significant effect on the solidification behavior of extra-thick slabs, surpassing the impact of specific water flow and superheat. The solidification structure characteristics of the 475 mm extra-thick slabs were investigated under various conditions. The findings indicate that at higher casting speeds and superheats, the average grain size increases and the grain number decreases. The average grain size initially decreases and then increases with the rise in specific water flow, reaching its minimum at approximately 0.17 L·kg−1. Additionally, the average grain radius first decreases and then slightly increases with an increase in carbon content, achieving the minimum value of about 0.17% carbon. Compared with carbon and manganese, silicon has a greater impact on the solidification structure of ultra-thick slabs, and a moderate increase in silicon content can effectively refine the grain size. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the changes in solidification structure characteristics and optimizing continuous casting process parameters for 475 mm extra-thick slabs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Super-Clean Steels)
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