Submit to Metals Review for Metals Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue
Related Special Issue
Published Papers

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Computation and Simulation on Metals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 17712

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Roberto G. A. Veiga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
Interests: first-principles calculations; atomistic simulations; dislocations in metals; strengthening mechanisms in metals and alloys; bulk metallic glasses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Alejandro Zúñiga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
Interests: metallic glasses; nanostructured materials; deformation behavior and plasticity of materials; transmission electron microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metallic materials have many distinctive properties, the ability to undergo varying degrees of permanent deformation being one of special interest for processing. The cornerstone of studies on the plasticity of metals and their alloys was laid decades ago by eminent scientists such as Nabarro, Orowan, Peierls, and Cottrell, among others. Particularly groundbreaking was their discovery of the fundamental role of dislocations in metal plasticity and the subsequent development of a theory of dislocations. Currently, research on deformation remains extremely important to improve the mechanical properties of existing structural and functional materials and for the design of novel alloys.

This Special Issue is open to theoretical, computational and experimental studies. To be considered for publication, papers should report fundamental and/or applied research or provide a relevant review on the deformation of metals and alloys. A nonexhaustive list of subjects of potential interest follows:

Crystal plasticity at the microscale;
Dislocation dynamics and interaction with lattice defects;
Twinning;
Creep;
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes;
Deformation of solid metallic particles upon high-velocity impact, as in cold spray;
Deformation of amorphous alloys (i.e., bulk metallic glasses);
Deformation of nanocrystalline metals and alloys;
Plasticity at the nanoscale (e.g., plastic deformation of nanoparticles).

Prof. Dr. Roberto G. A. Veiga
Prof. Dr. Alejandro Zúñiga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

crystal plasticity
metals and alloys
dislocation dynamics
computer simulations
metal processing
severe plastic deformation
strengthening mechanisms

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments—2nd Edition in Metals (2 articles)

Published Papers (10 papers)

Download All Papers

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

20 pages, 17160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Dynamics Study on the Mechanical Behaviors of Nanotwinned Titanium

by Bingxin Wu, Kaikai Jin and Yin Yao

Metals 2024, 14(8), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080918 - 14 Aug 2024

Viewed by 730

Abstract

Titanium and titanium alloys have been widely applied in the manufacture of aircraft engines and aircraft skins, the mechanical properties of which have a crucial influence on the safety and lifespan of aircrafts. Based on nanotwinned titanium models with different twin boundary spacings, the impacts of different loadings and twin boundary spacings on the plastic deformation of titanium were studied in this paper. It was found that due to the different contained twin boundaries, the different types of nanotwinned titanium possessed different dislocation nucleation abilities on the twin boundaries, different types of dislocation–twin interactions occurred, and significant differences were observed in the mechanical properties and plastic deformation mechanisms. For the {

10 \bar{1} 2

} twin, basal plane dislocations were likely to nucleate on the twin boundary. The plastic deformation mechanism of the material under tensile loading was dominated by partial dislocation slip on the basal plane and face-centered cubic phase transitions, and the yield strength of the titanium increased with decreasing twin boundary spacing. However, under compression loading, the plastic deformation mechanism of the material was dominated by a combination of partial dislocation slip on the basal plane and twin boundary migration. For the {

10 \bar{1} 1

} twin under tensile loading, the plastic deformation mechanism of the material was dominated by partial dislocation slip on the basal plane and crack nucleation and propagation, while under compression loading, the plastic deformation mechanism of the material was dominated by partial dislocation slip on the basal plane and twin boundary migration. For the {1124} twin, the interaction of its twin boundary and dislocation could produce secondary twins. Under tensile loading, the plastic deformation mechanism of the material was dominated by dislocation–twin and twin–twin interactions, while under compression loading, the plastic deformation mechanism of the material was dominated by partial dislocation slip on the basal plane, and the product of the dislocation–twin interactions was basal dislocation. All these results are of guiding value for the optimal design of microstructures in titanium, which should be helpful for achieving strong and tough metallic materials for aircraft manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 4439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Corrosion on Tensile Properties of a Mg Alloy in a Finite Element Model of a Coronary Artery Stent Coupled with Geometry Optimization

by Inês V. Gomes, José L. Alves and Hélder Puga

Metals 2024, 14(8), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080885 - 2 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1022

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of corrosion-induced deterioration of the tensile properties of a Mg-1 wt.% Ca alloy on the performance of a coronary artery stent model fabricated using the alloy wire. Finite element analysis was used to determine the change in various characteristics of the model when immersed in a biosimulation aqueous solution (Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution). Results from tensile tests on wires fabricated from the alloy (non-treated versus ultrasound-assisted casting (US)) were used as input to a shape optimisation study of the stent, which aimed at reducing stent strut thickness and minimising corrosion-related parameters such as equivalent plastic strain and residual stress. For each of the characteristics, it was found that the US treatment produced a more desirable result compared to the stents modelled using non-treated material data; for example, the decrease in strut thickness, equivalent plastic strain, and residual stress were each markedly greater, while keeping the stent’s functionality. These results suggest that US-treated Mg-1 wt./wt.% Ca alloy may be promising for fabricating biodegradable coronary artery stents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Investigation of Spiral Dislocation Sources Using Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD) Simulations

by Luo Li and Tariq Khraishi

Metals 2023, 13(8), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081408 - 6 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1715

Abstract

Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD) simulations are a powerful simulation methodology that can predict a crystalline material’s constitutive behavior based on its loading conditions and micro-constituent population/distribution. In this paper, a 3D DDD model with spiral dislocation sources is developed to study size-dependent plasticity in a pure metal material (taken here as Aluminum). It also shows, for the first time, multipole simulations of spirals and how they interact with one another. In addition, this paper also discusses how the free surface of a crystalline material affects the plasticity generation of the spiral dislocation. The surface effect is implemented using the Distributed Dislocation Method. One of the main results from this work, shown here for the first time, is that spiral dislocations can result in traditional Frank–Read sources (edge or screw character) in a crystal. Another important result from this paper is that with more dislocation sources, the plastic flow inside the material is more continuous, which results in a lowering of the flow stress. Lastly, the multipole interaction of the spiral dislocations resulted in a steady-state fan-shaped action for these dislocation sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 7013 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Recrystallization Kinetics of As-Cast Fe-Cr-Al-La Stainless Steel during Hot Deformation

by Zhenqiang Deng, Jianhua Liu, Jian Shao and Alexander McLean

Metals 2023, 13(4), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040692 - 31 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1577

Abstract

To investigate the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of as-cast Fe-20Cr-5.5Al-0.64La stainless steel, a series of compression tests were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator in the temperature range of 1000~1150 °C and the strain rate range of 0.001~1 s⁻¹. The true stress-true strain curves were obtained and their characteristics were analyzed. Using regression analysis, the apparent activation energy for the Fe-20Cr-5.5Al-0.64La stainless steel was estimated to be 300.19 kJ/mol, and the constitutive equation was developed successfully with a hyperbolic sine equation as:

\dot{ε} = e^{21.91} {[\sinh (0.035 σ)]}^{3.18} \exp (\frac{- 300190}{R T})

. The critical strain, the peak strain and the strain for the maximum softening rate were identified based on the work hardening rate curves and expressed as a function of the Zener−Hollomon parameter. The kinetic model of DRX was established using the stress−strain data. According to the analysis of the kinetics model and microstructure evolution, the evolution of DRX volume could be described as follows: the volume fraction of DRX grains increased with an increase in strain; at a fixed deformation temperature, the DRX volume fraction was larger at a lower strain rate for the same strain; and the size of DRX grains increased with an increase in temperature or a decrease in strain rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2652 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Hosford’s Yield Criterion Using Compression Tests

by Sergei Alexandrov, Marko Vilotic, Nemanja Dacevic and Yong Li

Metals 2023, 13(3), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030471 - 24 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1431

Abstract

The paper presents a simple and efficient method for identifying two-parametric isotropic pressure-independent yield criteria. The experimental procedure includes the upsetting of three types of specimens. The upsetting of cylinders and rings is used to evaluate the effect of friction. Together with the plane strain compression in a die, these tests provide two points of the yield locus on the π-plane. The experimental procedure is used in conjunction with the plasticity theory based on Hosford’s yield criterion. The plastic work is used to describe the hardening of the material. This hardening law can be reformulated in terms of the equivalent strain after the yield criterion is determined. The experimental/theoretical procedure above applies to steel C15E. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 8024 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Throughput Investigation of Multiscale Deformation Mechanism in Additively Manufactured Ni Superalloy

by Abhijeet Dhal, Priyanka Agrawal, Ravi Sankar Haridas, Supreeth Gaddam, Aishani Sharma, Digvijay Parganiha, Rajiv S. Mishra, Hirotsugu Kawanaka, Shinji Matsushita, Yusuke Yasuda, Seung Hwan C. Park and Wei Yuan

Metals 2023, 13(2), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020420 - 17 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2213

Abstract

In this paper, Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy was processed by laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing (L-PBFAM), followed by heat treatment. High-resolution nanoindentation was used to investigate the complex deformation mechanisms that occurred at various length scales in both conditions. The nanoindentation elastoplastic maps show a strong crystal orientation dependency of modulus and hardness, which is attributed to the high mechanical anisotropy of IN718. The hardness map effectively resolves complex microscale strength variation imparted due to the hierarchical heat distribution associated with the thermal cycles of L-PBFAM. The disproportionately high hardening effect of Nb, Mo-rich chemical segregations and Laves phases in dendritic structures is also observed. The heat treatment resulted in a 67% increase in yield strength (from 731 MPa in the L-PBFAM condition to 1217 MPa in the heat-treated condition) due to the activation of multiple precipitation-strengthening mechanisms. The nanoindentation mapping of a heat-treated sample delineates the orientation-dependent hardness distribution, which apart from high mechanical anisotropy of the alloy, is also contributed to by a high degree of coherency strengthening of the D0₂₂ γ″-precipitates oriented parallel to the <001> crystal plane of the γ-matrix. The mean hardness of the sample increased from 13.3 GPa to 14.8 GPa after heat treatment. Evidence of extensive deformation of twin networks and dislocation cells was revealed by transmission electron microscopy of the deformed region under the nanoindentation tip. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 3522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stress-Invariants-Based Anisotropic Yield Functions and Its Application to Sheet Metal Plasticity

by Jinjae Kim, Phu Van Nguyen, Jung Goo Hong and Young Suk Kim

Metals 2023, 13(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010142 - 10 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2223

Abstract

The yield criterion, or so-called yield function, plays an important role in the study of the plastic working of a sheet because it governs the plastic deformation properties of the sheet during the plastic-forming process. In this paper, we propose a novel anisotropic yield function useful for describing the plastic behavior of various anisotropic sheets. The proposed yield function includes the anisotropic version of the second stress invariant

J_{2}

and the third stress invariant

J_{3}

. The proposed yield function can explain the anisotropic plastic behavior of various sheets by introducing the parameters α and β and also exhibits both symmetrical and asymmetrical yield surfaces. The parameters included in the proposed model were determined with an optimization algorithm from uniaxial and biaxial experimental data under a proportional loading path. In this study, the validity of the proposed anisotropic yield function was verified by comparing the yield surface shape, normalized uniaxial yield stress value, and Lankford anisotropic coefficient R-value derived from the experimental results. Applications of the proposed anisotropic yield functions to an aluminum sheet showed symmetrical yielding behavior and, to pure titanium sheets, showed asymmetric yielding behavior; thus, it was shown that the yield curve and yield behavior of various types of sheet materials can be predicted reasonably by using the proposed new yield anisotropic function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Microstructure on the Mechanical Response of Hydrogen-Charged Pure Iron

by Boris Yanachkov, Lyudmil Lyutov, Ivaylo Katzarov, Ludmil Drenchev and Krasimir Kolev

Metals 2022, 12(12), 2160; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122160 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1541

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate how two different microstructures in pure iron affect the dislocation mobility in hydrogen-charged and non-charged samples by conducting stress-relaxation tests. The effective activation volume of the pure iron for both types of microstructures (cold-rolled and annealed samples) has been determined for both H-charged and uncharged material. Information about the dislocation structures formed during stress relaxation is provided by conducting TEM analysis. We employ a self-consistent kinetic Monte-Carlo (SCkMC) model of the ½ [111] screw dislocation in Fe to investigate how hydrogen affects the mobility and behavior of the dominant mobile dislocation in Fe at different stresses and H concentrations. The results from our simulations show the following: (i) at low stresses the deviation from the primary slip plane in the presence of H is lower than the deviation in the uncharged Fe. The deviation angle decreases with increasing H concentration; (ii) at higher shear stresses, the higher probability for kink-pair formation in the secondary (110) planes in the presence of H, leads to an enhanced deviation from the primary slip plane, which increases with increasing H concentration. We use the results of stress-relaxation tests and SCkMC simulations to propose an explanation for the formation of dislocation cell structures in pure and hydrogen charged Fe in the cold-rolled and annealed samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 3834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Phase Transformation of Rail Steel in Compression

by Krestina Aksenova, Victor Gromov, Yurii Ivanov, Rongshan Qin and Ekaterina Vashchuk

Metals 2022, 12(11), 1985; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111985 - 20 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1802

Abstract

The analysis of structure and defective substructure of rail steel in uniaxial compression to a degree of 50% is carried out. It is revealed that cold hardening has a multi-stage character and is accompanied by fragmentations of pearlite grains which is in field as the degree of deformation increases and reaches ≈ 0.4 volume of the foil studied at ε = 50%. The fragments being formed in ferrite plates are separated by low-angle boundaries. The average size of the fragmented ferrite decreases from 240 nm at ε = 15% to 200 nm at ε = 50%. Concurrently with the ferrite fragmentation, fragments of cementite are also observed. It is found that the sizes of the cementite fragments are in a range of 15 to 20 nm and depend weakly on the degree of sample deformation. The cementite fragmentation is caused by deformation-induced carbon dissolution and dislocation-induced fracture. The carbon atoms diffuse from cementite crystal to dislocations, which move through an interplanar space to form particles of tertiary cementite at nanoscale (2–4 nm). It is found that the increase in the degree of deformation is accompanied by a decrease in the scalar and an excess dislocation density. A physical interpretation of the observations has been given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 6300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Prediction of Material Fracture for Thin-Walled Cast Alloys Using GISSMO

by Yulong Ge, Liping Dong, Huibin Song, Lechen Gao and Rui Xiao

Metals 2022, 12(11), 1850; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111850 - 29 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1904

Abstract

Thin-walled cast alloys are one of the most significant enhancements for automotive applications. This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of the “Generalized Incremental Stress-State dependent damage MOdel” (GISSMO) in modern thin-walled cast alloys. Comprehensive experimental tests are carried out to assess the instability and fracture strains on three thin-walled structure alloys that are commonly used. Numerical studies are conducted on the two most common modeling methods, shell-based and tetrahedral models. The parameters in GISSMO are calibrated using theoretical fitting and the inverse analysis approach. Comparisons of the shell-based and tetrahedral-based models with the test results and shell elements are carried out. The characteristics of the two modeling methods are discussed, including element formulas, extrapolating the hardening curves, and mesh-size dependency. It is evaluated that both modeling methods could be applied to thin-walled cast alloys in satisfying agreement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments)

► Show Figures

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Deformation of Metals and Alloys: Theory, Simulations and Experiments

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (10 papers)

Research

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI