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Metals
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Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New...
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Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2018) | Viewed by 31018

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Massimo Pellizzari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
Interests: tool steel; high speed steel; duplex stainless steels; beta-Ti; metal matrix composites; heat treatment; cryogenic treatment; surface engineering; mechanical milling and alloying; spark plasma sintering; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and field-assisted consolidation technologies are representing a great opportunity for the production of new materials. Nevertheless, the challenge to achieve properties that cannot be obtained by other conventional methods is strictly related to know-how of this fast sintering process, which permits the production of near full dense materials, using lower temperatures and shorter time. The combination of SPS with severe plastic deformation processes like mechanical milling has been proved to be a suitable route for the development of nano- and ultrafine grained materials. Mechanical alloying with ceramic reinforcement has extended the benefits of SPS to the fabrication of composite materials. Moreover, SPS has also been successfully used for the development of functionally graded materials (FGM) and materials for many other applications.

Aim of this Special Issue is to collect full papers, communications, and reviews reporting original and novel results about SPS and field-assisted consolidation technologies of metals, alloys, and composite materials.

I cordially invite you to send your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Massimo Pellizzari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spark plasma
  • sintering
  • mechanical milling
  • powder
  • metals
  • metal matrix composites

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6465 KiB  
Article
Fe-Si/MnZn(Fe2O4)2 Core-shell Composites with Excellent Magnetic Properties by Mechanical Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)
by Liang Yan and Biao Yan
Metals 2018, 8(7), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070553 - 19 Jul 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4963
Abstract
The Fe-Si/MnZn(Fe2O4)2 composite powders are synthetized by means of the mechanical milling, and Fe-Si/MnZn(Fe2O4)2 soft magnetic composites are prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The impact of milling time on particle size, phase [...] Read more.
The Fe-Si/MnZn(Fe2O4)2 composite powders are synthetized by means of the mechanical milling, and Fe-Si/MnZn(Fe2O4)2 soft magnetic composites are prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The impact of milling time on particle size, phase structure and magnetic properties of the investigative core-shell structure powders along with that of sintering temperature on microstructure and magnetic properties of FeSi-MnZn(Fe2O4)2 soft magnetic composite are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The experimental results demonstrate a layer of MnZn(Fe2O4)2 forming a coating on the surface of Fe-Si powder after mechanical milling, and the soft magnetic composites exhibiting excellent magnetic performance at 900 °C: 212.49 emu/g for saturation magnetization, with 6.89 Oe for coercivity, 3 × 10−4 Ω.m for electrical resistivity and stable amplitude permeability and low core loss over a wide frequency range. Therefore, SPS offers a convenient and swift way to enhance performance of soft magnetic composites using magnetic materials as insulting layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New Materials)
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16 pages, 13287 KiB  
Article
An Efficient Powder Metallurgy Processing Route to Prepare High-Performance β-Ti–Nb Alloys Using Pure Titanium and Titanium Hydride Powders
by Bhupendra Sharma, Sanjay Kumar Vajpai and Kei Ameyama
Metals 2018, 8(7), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070516 - 4 Jul 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5011
Abstract
Toward designing a cost-effective advanced powder metallurgy approach, we present a new insight into the efficient utilization of titanium hydride powder, together with pure Ti powder, to prepare high-strength β-titanium alloys. In the present work, Ti–40 mass% Nb alloy was prepared by mechanical [...] Read more.
Toward designing a cost-effective advanced powder metallurgy approach, we present a new insight into the efficient utilization of titanium hydride powder, together with pure Ti powder, to prepare high-strength β-titanium alloys. In the present work, Ti–40 mass% Nb alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying of a mixture of pure Ti, titanium hydride, and Nb elemental powders, followed by a carefully designed two-step spark plasma sintering. The role of relative amounts of titanium hydride and pure Ti powders during mechanical alloying, and their effect on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the Ti–40Nb alloy, have been discussed and elaborated. An increasing amount of titanium hydride results in higher powder yield and smaller resultant powder particle size. Subsequent two-step spark plasma sintering resulted in equiaxed microstructure with primarily β phase, wherein the grain size decreased with increasing amounts of titanium hydride powder. The specimen corresponding to alloys prepared using equal amounts of pure Ti and titanium hydride powders resulted in fine-grained structure, exhibiting the best combination of mechanical properties, that is, a combination of highest hardness, high strength, and high ductility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New Materials)
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18 pages, 5390 KiB  
Article
Characterization of In-Situ TiB/TiC Particle-Reinforced Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr Matrix Composites Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction with B4C and Graphite through SPS
by Steffen Grützner, Lutz Krüger, Markus Radajewski and Ines Schneider
Metals 2018, 8(6), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060377 - 24 May 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4570
Abstract
In-situ TiB/TiC particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) based on a near-β Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy (Ti-5553) were synthesized by solid-state reaction with B4C and graphite particles during spark plasma sintering (SPS). In this study, investigations were focused on the influence of the molar [...] Read more.
In-situ TiB/TiC particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) based on a near-β Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy (Ti-5553) were synthesized by solid-state reaction with B4C and graphite particles during spark plasma sintering (SPS). In this study, investigations were focused on the influence of the molar TiB:TiC ratio on the mechanical properties of the composites. With respect to the adjustment of the molar TiB:TiC ratio, the formation of stoichiometric TiC or nonstoichiometric TiCy was considered as the literature provides conflicting information in this respect. Furthermore, the solid-state reaction behavior influenced by the matrix alloying elements is discussed in comparison to a pure titanium matrix. The hardness, compressive strength and bending strength of the TMCs were improved successfully due to the TiB and TiC particles maintaining acceptable levels of ductility. However, X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that for the adjustment of the molar TiB:TiC ratio, the stoichiometry of the TiCy particles formed must be considered as nonstoichiometric TiC0.5 resulted from the solid-state reaction of carbon and titanium. Compared to TMCs with pure titanium matrices, more sluggish solid-state reaction kinetics were observed. This was attributed to the matrix alloying elements molybdenum, vanadium and chromium, which formed solid solutions within the reinforcing particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New Materials)
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11 pages, 50240 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of TiFe Hydrogen Absorbing Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and SPS Treatment
by Tohru Nobuki, Taro Moriya, Minoru Hatate, Jean-Claude Crivello, Fermin Cuevas and Jean-Marc Joubert
Metals 2018, 8(4), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8040264 - 13 Apr 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5341
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the influence of the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method on structural morphology, mechanical properties and also functional characteristics, such as hydrogen absorbing properties, for titanium-iron intermetallic compounds. We could synthesize B2-TiFe phase using mechanical alloying (MA) during [...] Read more.
This study aims to clarify the influence of the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method on structural morphology, mechanical properties and also functional characteristics, such as hydrogen absorbing properties, for titanium-iron intermetallic compounds. We could synthesize B2-TiFe phase using mechanical alloying (MA) during 3 h and SPS treatment of 5 min at 500–1000 °C, which was confirmed by XRD and Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) measurements. In addition, the synthesized TiFe intermetallic compound has been found to absorb hydrogen with high kinetics in both high pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Pressure-Composition-Temperature (PCT) measurements. Therefore, we have successfully developed TiFe alloy in bulk form from initial raw powders by using a combination of short period mechanical alloying and SPS heat treatment. This combined route enhances the potential of the SPS method to synthesize new materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New Materials)
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10 pages, 10367 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Characterization of TiB2-(Supra-Nano-Dual-Phase) High-Entropy Alloy Cermet by Spark Plasma Sintering
by Shulei Zhang, Yuchen Sun, Boren Ke, Yulin Li, Wei Ji, Weimin Wang and Zhengyi Fu
Metals 2018, 8(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8010058 - 17 Jan 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5521
Abstract
This paper introduces the preparation method and characterization results of TiB2 ceramics with CoCrFeNiAl high-entropy alloy (HEA) as a sintering aid by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Good wettability between HEA and TiB2 was proved by the sessile drop method, indicating promising [...] Read more.
This paper introduces the preparation method and characterization results of TiB2 ceramics with CoCrFeNiAl high-entropy alloy (HEA) as a sintering aid by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Good wettability between HEA and TiB2 was proved by the sessile drop method, indicating promising prospects for this composite. The sintering results showed that the addition of HEA could dramatically promote the sinterability of TiB2. TiB2-5 wt. % HEA dense ceramics prepared at the optimal temperature of 1650 °C showed fine morphology without formation of brittle phases. The liquid phase in the ceramics was highly consistent with the so-called “supra-nano-dual-phase materials (SNDPM)”, with near-ideal strength. This study represents the first time that a ceramic-SNDPM composite has been fabricated since the invention of such structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New Materials)
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4419 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Corrosion Properties of Mg Matrix In Situ Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
by Nguyen Q. Cao, Dinh N. Pham, Narita Kai, Hai V. Dinh, Sachiko Hiromoto and Equo Kobayashi
Metals 2017, 7(9), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/met7090358 - 9 Sep 2017
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4568
Abstract
Mg matrix in situ composites were fabricated from Mg and ZnO powder by a spark plasma sintering method. The composition and microstructure of the sintered samples were characterized. Corrosion properties of fabricated composites were evaluated by immersion and by electrochemical tests using Hanks’ [...] Read more.
Mg matrix in situ composites were fabricated from Mg and ZnO powder by a spark plasma sintering method. The composition and microstructure of the sintered samples were characterized. Corrosion properties of fabricated composites were evaluated by immersion and by electrochemical tests using Hanks’ solution. The results showed that the formation of in situ products improved significantly the corrosion resistance of the fabricated composites compared with pure Mg; Mg-10 wt % ZnO composites especially exhibited the lowest corrosion rate. In addition, an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that calcium phosphate formed as a corrosion product on the surface of Mg-10 wt % ZnO composites, while Mg(OH)2 appeared as a corrosion product on the surface of Mg-20 wt % ZnO composite. The findings suggested Mg-10 wt % ZnO composite as a potential candidate for temporary implant application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintering-A Key Technology towards the Development of New Materials)
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