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Metals
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Recent Advances in Field-Assisted Sintering Technologies
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Recent Advances in Field-Assisted Sintering Technologies

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 14515

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alexander Laptev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Materials Synthesis and Processing, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Metal Forming Institute, Poznań, Poland
Interests: field-assisted sintering (SPS); hot pressing (HP); hot isostatic pressing (HIP); energy materials; oxide ceramics; porous materials; FEM modeling
Dr. Dariusz Garbiec

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Łukasiewicz Research Network – Metal Forming Institute, Poznań, Poland
Interests: field assisted sintering technology (SPS); metal matrix composites; ceramic matrix composites; cemented carbides; hard and super hard materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Field-assisted sintering techniques include field assisted sintering/spark plasma sintering, flash sintering, microwave sintering, discharge sintering, and other technologies where electric or magnetic fields drastically enhance the sintering kinetics. These technologies have been intensively investigated over the last decades. Now, many of them are in transition from laboratories to industrial applications. Despite a number of excellent research papers, reviews, and books are newly published, the development is so fast, that a new look into the actual results is needed. The aim of this Special Issue is to update the achievements, open a discussion about the appearing problems, and present examples of the upscaling and industrial applications of field-assisted sintering technologies. Papers on physics, chemistry, technology, industrial application, and equipment for the realization of these technologies are welcome. We are particularly interested in small or large reviews in special topics such as the mechanisms and modeling of field-assisted sintering, field-assisted sintering of oxide ceramics, reactive field-assisted sintering, and so on. We also encourage the submission of papers on the application of field-assisted sintering in industry, including the sintering of parts with a complex shape, and on progress in the design of related equipment. Manuscripts from both the academic community and from industry are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Alexander Laptev
Dr. Dariusz Garbiec
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Field-assisted sintering
  • Spark plasma sintering
  • Flash sintering
  • Microwave sintering
  • Discharge sintering
  • Metals
  • Ceramics
  • Modeling and mechanisms
  • Properties
  • Applications

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 9454 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Mg-Zn-Ca-Pr Alloy
by Bartłomiej Hrapkowicz, Sabina Lesz, Małgorzata Karolus, Dariusz Garbiec, Jakub Wiśniewski, Rafał Rubach, Klaudiusz Gołombek, Marek Kremzer and Julia Popis
Metals 2022, 12(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030375 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
Alloys based on magnesium are of considerable scientific interest as they have very attractive mechanical and biological properties that could be used to manufacture biodegradable materials for medical applications. Mechanical alloying is a very suitable process to obtain alloys that are normally hard [...] Read more.
Alloys based on magnesium are of considerable scientific interest as they have very attractive mechanical and biological properties that could be used to manufacture biodegradable materials for medical applications. Mechanical alloying is a very suitable process to obtain alloys that are normally hard to produce as it allows for solid-state diffusion via highly energetic milling, producing fine powders. Powders obtained by this method can be sintered into nearly net-shape products, moreover, their phase and chemical composition can be specifically tailored. This work aims to investigate the effect of milling time on the density, microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-Pr powders processed by high energy mechanical alloying (HEMA) and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Thus, the results of XRD phase analysis, particle size distribution (granulometry), density, mechanical properties, SEM investigation of mechanically alloyed and sintered Mg-Zn-Ca-Pr alloy are presented in this manuscript. The obtained results illustrate how mechanical alloying can be used to produce amorphous and crystalline materials, which can be sintered and demonstrates how the milling time impacts their microstructure, phase composition, and resulting mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Field-Assisted Sintering Technologies)
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15 pages, 5819 KiB  
Article
Influence of CFRC Insulating Plates on Spark Plasma Sintering Process
by Alexander M. Laptev, Jürgen Hennicke and Robert Ihl
Metals 2021, 11(3), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030393 - 27 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2271
Abstract
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a technology used for fast consolidation of metallic, ceramic, and composite powders. The upscaling of this technology requires a reduction in energy consumption and homogenization of temperature in compacts. The application of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Carbon (CFRC) insulating plates [...] Read more.
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a technology used for fast consolidation of metallic, ceramic, and composite powders. The upscaling of this technology requires a reduction in energy consumption and homogenization of temperature in compacts. The application of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Carbon (CFRC) insulating plates between the sintering setup and the electrodes is frequently considered as a measure to attain these goals. However, the efficiency of such a practice remains largely unexplored so far. In the present paper, the impact of CFRC plates on required power, total sintering energy, and temperature distribution was investigated by experiments and by Finite Element Modeling (FEM). The study was performed at a temperature of 1000 °C with a graphite dummy mimicking an SPS setup. A rather moderate influence of CFRC plates on power and energy demand was found. Furthermore, the cooling stage becomes considerably longer. However, the application of CFRC plates leads to a significant reduction in the axial temperature gradient. The comparative analysis of experimental and modeling results showed the good capability of the FEM method for prediction of temperature distribution and required electric current. However, a discrepancy between measured and calculated voltage and power was found. This issue must be further investigated, considering the influence of AC harmonics in the DC field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Field-Assisted Sintering Technologies)
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13 pages, 8344 KiB  
Article
High Speed Steel with Iron Addition Materials Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering
by Marcin Madej, Beata Leszczyńska-Madej and Dariusz Garbiec
Metals 2020, 10(11), 1549; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111549 - 21 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3158
Abstract
Attempts were made to describe the effect of the sintering temperature and pure iron powder addition on the properties of high speed steel based materials produced by the spark plasma sintering technique. After sintering, their density, hardness, flexural strength, and tribological properties were [...] Read more.
Attempts were made to describe the effect of the sintering temperature and pure iron powder addition on the properties of high speed steel based materials produced by the spark plasma sintering technique. After sintering, their density, hardness, flexural strength, and tribological properties were determined. The sintered materials were also subjected to microstructural analysis in order to determine the phenomena occurring at the particle contact boundaries during sintering. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that the mechanical properties and microstructure were mainly influenced by the sintering temperature. Using the temperature of 1000 °C allowed materials with a density close to the theoretical density to be obtained, characterized by a high hardness of about 360 HB and a low wear rate of about 1E-07 g/s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Field-Assisted Sintering Technologies)
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12 pages, 4027 KiB  
Article
Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance of NiCr-Re and NiCr-Re-Al2O3 Materials Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
by Katarzyna Pietrzak, Agata Strojny-Nędza, Kamil Kaszyca, Ivan Shepa, Erika Mudra, Marek Vojtko, Jan Dusza, Vitaliy Antal, Jana Hovancova and Marcin Chmielewski
Metals 2020, 10(8), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10081009 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2828
Abstract
The thermal and oxidation resistance of elements found in the combustion boilers of power generation plants are some of the most important factors deciding their effectiveness. This paper shows the experimental results of the influence of NiCr-based material composition on the microstructure and [...] Read more.
The thermal and oxidation resistance of elements found in the combustion boilers of power generation plants are some of the most important factors deciding their effectiveness. This paper shows the experimental results of the influence of NiCr-based material composition on the microstructure and phase changes occurring during the oxidation and corrosion process. NiCr alloy was modified by the addition of rhenium and aluminum oxide. Materials were densified using the spark plasma sintering method at a sintering temperature of 1050 °C. Oxidation tests conducted up to 1100 °C under synthetic airflow revealed the formation of a thin Cr2O3 layer protecting the material against in-depth oxidation. Results of electrochemical corrosion in a 0.5 M NaCl solution indicated a positive role of Re and Al2O3 addition, confirmed by low corrosion current density values in comparison to the other reference materials. According to the provided positive preliminary test results, we can conclude that a NiCr-Re-Al2O3 system in coating form was successfully obtained by the plasma spraying method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Field-Assisted Sintering Technologies)
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Review

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14 pages, 5198 KiB  
Review
Advancements and Prospects in Electro-Sinter-Forging
by Alessandro Fais
Metals 2022, 12(5), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050748 - 27 Apr 2022
Viewed by 2240
Abstract
A summary of the recent advancements, future prospects and open issues in the materials, methods and machines for the technology known as electro-sinter-forging is presented here. After a background introduction, the key characteristics of the procedure are explained. Metal systems that have been [...] Read more.
A summary of the recent advancements, future prospects and open issues in the materials, methods and machines for the technology known as electro-sinter-forging is presented here. After a background introduction, the key characteristics of the procedure are explained. Metal systems that have been processed based on iron, copper and aluminium are discussed as single elements, and as alloys and composites. Intermetallic materials such as gamma titanium aluminide, Nd2Fe14B and Bi2Te3 are finally presented before discussing the experimental evidence of the atomic diffusion mechanisms involved, and a critical assessment of the limitations of the technique is performed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Field-Assisted Sintering Technologies)
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