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Micromachines
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Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing, 2nd Edition
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Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D：Materials and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 7834

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xin Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA
Interests: laser–matter interaction; ultrafast laser nano-/micromachining; laser shock peening; ultrafast laser surface texturing; dissimilar materials joining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ultrafast-laser-based manufacturing and materials processing have attracted substantial interest in recent decades. The ultrashort-duration and extremely high peak laser intensity of ultrafast laser pulses allow for localized laser heating/ablation and a reduced heat-affected zone, making them a promising tool for high-precision micro- and nanoscale materials processing. In addition, the unique characteristics of ultrafast laser pulses result in novel laser–matter interaction processes, heralding a new era of fundamental study into the underlying mechanisms. Compared to longer laser pulses, the mechanisms of laser absorption, carrier dynamics, heat transfer, phase shift, and material removal are fundamentally unique yet poorly understood. Therefore, we are announcing this Special Issue to provide a platform to showcase research papers, communications, and review articles focused on nano- and microscale ultrafast laser materials processing. The scope of this Special Issue covers, but is not limited to, ultrafast laser–matter interaction, ultrafast laser ablation, nano/micromachining, surface texturing, refractive index modifications, additive manufacturing by ultrafast lasers, two/multi-photon polymerization and reduction, thin-film processing, beam/pulse shaping for ultrafast laser processing, laser shock peening, laser cleaning, ultrafast lasers in biomedical applications, and numerical modeling of ultrafast laser materials processing.

Dr. Xin Zhao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrafast lasers
  • materials processing
  • nano- and microscale
  • laser–matter interaction
  • laser ablation
  • laser machining
  • surface texturing
  • two/multi-photon polymerization/reduction
  • beam/pulse shaping
  • numerical modeling

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 6731 KiB  
Article
Laser Metal Deposition of Rene 80—Microstructure and Solidification Behavior Modelling
by Krishnanand Srinivasan, Andrey Gumenyuk and Michael Rethmeier
Micromachines 2024, 15(10), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101234 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 781
Abstract
New developments in nickel-based superalloys and production methods, such as the use of additive manufacturing (AM), can result in innovative designs for turbines. It is crucial to understand how the material behaves during the AM process to advance the industrial use of these [...] Read more.
New developments in nickel-based superalloys and production methods, such as the use of additive manufacturing (AM), can result in innovative designs for turbines. It is crucial to understand how the material behaves during the AM process to advance the industrial use of these techniques. An analytical model based on reaction–diffusion formalism is developed to better explain the solidification behavior of the material during laser metal deposition (LMD). The well-known Scheil–Gulliver theory has some drawbacks, such as the assumption of equilibrium at the solid–liquid interface, which is addressed by this method. The solidified fractions under the Scheil model and the pure equilibrium model are calculated using CALPHAD simulations. A differential scanning calorimeter is used to measure the heat flow during the solid–liquid phase transformation, the result of which is further converted to solidified fractions. The analytical model is compared with all the other models for validation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 16375 KiB  
Article
Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures and Their Application for Gas Sensing
by Johann Zehetner, Ivan Hotovy, Vlastimil Rehacek, Ivan Kostic, Miroslav Mikolasek, Dana Seyringer and Fadi Dohnal
Micromachines 2024, 15(9), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091161 - 17 Sep 2024
Viewed by 3453
Abstract
Semiconducting metal oxides are widely used for solar cells, photo-catalysis, bio-active materials and gas sensors. Besides the material properties of the semiconductor being used, the specific surface topology of the sensors determines device performance. This study presents different approaches for increasing the sensing [...] Read more.
Semiconducting metal oxides are widely used for solar cells, photo-catalysis, bio-active materials and gas sensors. Besides the material properties of the semiconductor being used, the specific surface topology of the sensors determines device performance. This study presents different approaches for increasing the sensing area of semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors. Micro- and nanopatterned laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) are generated on silicon, Si/SiO2 and glass substrates. The surface morphologies of the fabricated samples are examined by FE SEM. We selected the nanostructuring and characterization of nanostructured source Ni/Au and Ti/Au films prepared on glass using laser ablation as the most suitable of the investigated approaches. Surface structures produced on glass by backside ablation provide 100 nm features with a high surface area; they are also transparent and have high resistivity. The value of the hydrogen sensitivity in the range concentrations from 100 to 500 ppm was recorded using transmittance measurements to be twice as great for the nanostructured target TiO2/Au as compared to the NiO/Au. It was found that such transparent materials present additional possibilities for producing optical gas sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 12554 KiB  
Article
Wettability Behaviour of Metal Surfaces after Sequential Nanosecond and Picosecond Laser Texturing
by Yin Tang, Zheng Fang, Yang Fei, Shuai Wang, Walter Perrie, Stuart Edwardson and Geoff Dearden
Micromachines 2024, 15(9), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091146 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 764
Abstract
This study examines the wettability behaviour of 304 stainless steel (304SS) and Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) surfaces after sequential nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) laser texturing; in particular, how the multi-scale surface structures created influence the lifecycle of surface hydrophobicity. The effect of different post-process [...] Read more.
This study examines the wettability behaviour of 304 stainless steel (304SS) and Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) surfaces after sequential nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) laser texturing; in particular, how the multi-scale surface structures created influence the lifecycle of surface hydrophobicity. The effect of different post-process treatments is also examined. Surfaces were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), a white light interferometer optical profiler, and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Wettability was assessed through sessile drop contact angle (CA) measurements, conducted at regular intervals over periods of up to 12 months, while EDX scans monitored elemental chemical changes. The results show that sequential (ns + ps) laser processing produced multi-scale surface texture with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Compared to the ns laser case, the (ns + ps) laser processed surfaces transitioned more rapidly to a hydrophobic state and maintained this property for much longer, especially when the single post-process treatment was ultrasonic cleaning. Some interesting features in CA development over these extended timescales are revealed. For 304SS, hydrophobicity was reached in 1–2 days, with the CA then remaining in the range of 120 to 140° for up to 180 days; whereas the ns laser-processed surfaces took longer to reach hydrophobicity and only maintained the condition for up to 30 days. Similar results were found for the case of Ti64. The findings show that such multi-scale structured metal surfaces can offer relatively stable hydrophobic properties, the lifetime of which can be extended significantly through the appropriate selection of laser process parameters and post-process treatment. The addition of LIPSS appears to help extend the longevity of the hydrophobic property. In seeking to identify other factors influencing wettability, from our EDX results, we observed a significant and steady rate of increase in the carbon content at the surface over the study period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing, 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 3226 KiB  
Article
Pulsed Laser Ablation Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Mask Layer Based on Coating Thicknesses under Laser Lift-Off Patterning Process
by Daehee Hyun, Hee-Lak Lee, Yoon-Jae Moon, Jun-Young Hwang and Seung-Jae Moon
Micromachines 2024, 15(6), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15060747 - 1 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 873
Abstract
Thin transparent oxide layers are typically patterned for use in electronic products including semiconductors, displays, and solar cells for applications such as transparent electrodes, insulating films, and encapsulation films. Conventional patterning methods have traditionally been used in photolithography and lift-off processes. Photolithography employs [...] Read more.
Thin transparent oxide layers are typically patterned for use in electronic products including semiconductors, displays, and solar cells for applications such as transparent electrodes, insulating films, and encapsulation films. Conventional patterning methods have traditionally been used in photolithography and lift-off processes. Photolithography employs the wet development process, which has disadvantages such as potential undercut effects, swelling, chemical contamination, and high process costs. On the other hand, laser ablation, which has the advantages of high accuracy, high speed, a noncontact nature, and selective processing, can be used to pattern thin films. However, absorption in transparent oxide films is usually low. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the ablation characteristics of mask layers. The factors affecting ablation, including beam radii, fluences, overlap ratios, and coating thicknesses, were examined; and the parameters characteristic of residue-free ablation, namely the ablation threshold, minimum fluence, and minimum ablation linewidth, were also examined. The experimental results revealed that the beam radius was an important parameter in determining the resolutions of transparent films and substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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27 pages, 11952 KiB  
Review
Tailoring the Coefficient of Friction by Direct Laser Writing Surface Texturing
by Caterina Gaudiuso, Annalisa Volpe, Francesco Paolo Mezzapesa, Carmine Putignano and Antonio Ancona
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010007 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395
Abstract
The modification of the surface topography at the micro- and nanoscale is a widely established as one of the best ways to engineering the surface of materials, to improve the tribological performances of materials in terms of load capacity and friction. The present [...] Read more.
The modification of the surface topography at the micro- and nanoscale is a widely established as one of the best ways to engineering the surface of materials, to improve the tribological performances of materials in terms of load capacity and friction. The present paper reviews the state of the art on laser surface texturing by exploiting the technique of direct laser writing for tailoring the coefficient of friction, highlighting the effect of the textures’ arrangement on the lubricated conformal and non-conformal contact behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing, 2nd Edition)
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