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Micromachines
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Micromixing Machines: Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication
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Micromixing Machines: Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2021) | Viewed by 12293

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Joaquin Ortega-Casanova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical, Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
Interests: fluid mechanics; micromixing; numerical modelling/optimisation; aero/hydro-dynamics; heat transfer; laminar/turbulent impinging jets; swirling flows; computational fluid dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francisco-J. Granados-Ortiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical, Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
Interests: mechanical engineering; fluid mechanics; aerodynamics; computational design; heat transfer; impinging jets; optimisation; uncertainty quantification; numerical modelling; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, microscale applied mechanics are gaining increasing interest, due to important advances in biomechanics, pharmaceutics, and biology, amongst many others. This is also noticed in the growing amount of research articles and specific congresses dedicated solely to this topic. Within the broad field of micromachines, in microfluidic applications the use of micromixing machines is of outstanding importance. These are reduced-scale low-cost machines with high mixing performance, low fluid consumption and portables. This makes micromixing devices a tool of high potential in many fields of science, such as biology and biomedicine, chemistry, materials and processing, and engineering and technology, amongst others.

To promote advances and gather researchers from this exciting topic, this Special Issue will focus on the following leading-edge aspects in the field of micromixing machines:

  • Basics and Fundamentals. Including theoretical approaches.
  • Computational modelling: Finite Element (FEM), Finite Volume (FVM), Finite Difference Methods (FDM), etc. Including Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI).
  • Experimental studies and characterisation.
  • Real-life case studies and applications.
  • Design of devices, for which uncertainty quantification, optimization and machine learning techniques may be necessary.
  • Manufacture and fabrication, with techniques such as deposition, lithography, patterning, surface micromachining, laser fabrication, fabrication, 3D printing etc., and with materials such as silicon, carbon, glasses, polymers (plastics), metals, ceramics, composites, liquid crystals, semiconductors, superconducting, magnetic materials, etc.

The aforementioned aspects can be investigated in either active or passive devices, either molecular or thermal mixing, and for application in any field. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their latest studies in this Special Issue on, but not limited to, any of the topics above mentioned.

Prof. Dr. Joaquin Ortega-Casanova
Dr. Francisco-J. Granados-Ortiz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC)
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
  • Computational Mechanics/Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
  • Micro Total Analysis Systems (Micro-TAS)
  • Micromixing Experiments
  • Optimisation
  • Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
  • Split and Recombine (SAR)
  • Machine Learning
  • Uncertainty Quantification

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 47095 KiB  
Article
Optimal Combination of Mixing Units Using the Design of Experiments Method
by Makhsuda Juraeva and Dong-Jin Kang
Micromachines 2021, 12(8), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12080985 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2252
Abstract
A passive micromixer was designed by combining two mixing units: the cross-channel split and recombined (CC-SAR) and a mixing cell with baffles (MC-B). The passive micromixer was comprised of eight mixing slots that corresponded to four combination units; two mixing slots were grouped [...] Read more.
A passive micromixer was designed by combining two mixing units: the cross-channel split and recombined (CC-SAR) and a mixing cell with baffles (MC-B). The passive micromixer was comprised of eight mixing slots that corresponded to four combination units; two mixing slots were grouped as one combination unit. The combination of the two mixing units was based on four combination schemes: (A) first mixing unit, (B) first combination unit, (C) first combination module, and (D) second combination module. The statistical significance of the four combination schemes was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in terms of the degree of mixing (DOM) and mixing energy cost (MEC). The DOM and MEC were simulated numerically for three Reynolds numbers (Re = 0.5, 2, and 50), representing three mixing regimes. The combination scheme (B), using different mixing units in the first two mixing slots, was significant for Re = 2 and 50. The four combination schemes had little effect on the mixing performance of a passive micromixer operating in the mixing regime of molecular dominance. The combination scheme (B) was generalized to arbitrary mixing slots, and its significance was analyzed for Re = 2 and 50. The general combination scheme meant two different mixing units in two consecutive mixing slots. The numerical simulation results showed that the general combination scheme was statistically significant in the first three combination units for Re = 2, and significant in the first two combination units for Re = 50. The combined micromixer based on the general combination scheme throughout the entire micromixer showed the best mixing performance over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, compared to other micromixers that did not adopt completely the general combination scheme. The most significant enhancement due to the general combination scheme was observed in the transition mixing scheme and was negligible in the molecular dominance scheme. The combination order was less significant after three combination units. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micromixing Machines: Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication)
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12 pages, 2736 KiB  
Article
Rapid Microfluidic Mixing Method Based on Droplet Rotation Due to PDMS Deformation
by Chunyang Wei, Chengzhuang Yu, Shanshan Li, Feng Pan, Tiejun Li, Zichao Wang and Junwei Li
Micromachines 2021, 12(8), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12080901 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2838
Abstract
Droplet-based micromixers have shown great prospects in chemical synthesis, pharmacology, biologics, and diagnostics. When compared with the active method, passive micromixer is widely used because it relies on the droplet movement in the microchannel without extra energy, which is more concise and easier [...] Read more.
Droplet-based micromixers have shown great prospects in chemical synthesis, pharmacology, biologics, and diagnostics. When compared with the active method, passive micromixer is widely used because it relies on the droplet movement in the microchannel without extra energy, which is more concise and easier to operate. Here we present a droplet rotation-based microfluidic mixer that allows rapid mixing within individual droplets efficiently. PDMS deformation is used to construct subsidence on the roof of the microchannel, which can deviate the trajectory of droplets. Thus, the droplet shows a rotation behavior due to the non-uniform distribution of the flow field, which can introduce turbulence and induce cross-flow enhancing 3D mixing inside the droplet, achieving rapid and homogenous fluid mixing. In order to evaluate the performance of the droplet rotation-based microfluidic mixer, droplets with highly viscous fluid (60% w/w PEGDA solution) were generated, half of which was seeded with fluorescent dye for imaging. Mixing efficiency was quantified using the mixing index (MI), which shows as high as 92% mixing index was achieved within 12 mm traveling. Here in this work, it has been demonstrated that the microfluidic mixing method based on the droplet rotation has shown the advantages of low-cost, easy to operate, and high mixing efficiency. It is expected to find wide applications in the field of pharmaceutics, chemical synthesis, and biologics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micromixing Machines: Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication)
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14 pages, 1297 KiB  
Article
On-Chip Micro Mixer Driven by Elastic Wall with Virtual Actuator
by Toshio Takayama, Makoto Kaneko and Chia-Hung Dylan Tsai
Micromachines 2021, 12(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12020217 - 21 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2389
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an on-chip micromixer driven by an elastic wall with a virtual actuator. The on-chip micro mixer is composed of a circular chamber surrounded by a ring-shaped channel under isolation with an elastic wall. When vibrational pressure is put [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose an on-chip micromixer driven by an elastic wall with a virtual actuator. The on-chip micro mixer is composed of a circular chamber surrounded by a ring-shaped channel under isolation with an elastic wall. When vibrational pressure is put on the driving channel by an actuator, the volume of the circular chamber changes through the deformation of the elastic wall, as if there exists a virtual actuator near the wall. As a result, the liquid in the circular chamber is pushed out and pulled through the neck channel. This action creates a swirling flow in the circular chamber while maintaining isolation from the driving channel. Through experiments, we confirmed the swirling flow under an isolated environment using an air-based valve. The advantage of this approach is that the micromixer can be designed with a single layer having a simple mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micromixing Machines: Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication)
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Review

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35 pages, 2461 KiB  
Review
A Review on Additive Manufacturing of Micromixing Devices
by Marina Garcia-Cardosa, Francisco-Javier Granados-Ortiz and Joaquín Ortega-Casanova
Micromachines 2022, 13(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13010073 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3774
Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing has gained importance in a wide range of research applications such as medicine, biotechnology, engineering, etc. It has become one of the most innovative and high-performance manufacturing technologies of the moment. This review aims to show and discuss [...] Read more.
In recent years, additive manufacturing has gained importance in a wide range of research applications such as medicine, biotechnology, engineering, etc. It has become one of the most innovative and high-performance manufacturing technologies of the moment. This review aims to show and discuss the characteristics of different existing additive manufacturing technologies for the construction of micromixers, which are devices used to mix two or more fluids at microscale. The present manuscript discusses all the choices to be made throughout the printing life cycle of a micromixer in order to achieve a high-quality microdevice. Resolution, precision, materials, and price, amongst other relevant characteristics, are discussed and reviewed in detail for each printing technology. Key information, suggestions, and future prospects are provided for manufacturing of micromixing machines based on the results from this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micromixing Machines: Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication)
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