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Micromachines
Special Issues
Nanomaterials and Microstructures in Bone Regeneration
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Nanomaterials and Microstructures in Bone Regeneration

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2021) | Viewed by 6636

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Davood Kharaghani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
Interests: nanofibers; electrospining; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rejection and contamination problems related to scaffolds and implants are the challenges in bone regeneration. Bone tissue engineering has evolved as an interdisciplinary method to design materials and engineer functions based on developing platforms for cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Designing facile techniques to achieve advanced architecture for this purpose is highly sought after in nano- and micro-structures as an effective and innovative structure to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). These nano- and micro-structures provide attractive constructions for critical skeletal defects. This Special Issue aims to gather high-quality original research work and specialized review articles on a wide range of topics, including biomimetic materials, self-healing materials, nanocomposite materials, and microstructures for bone regeneration and bone-related implants.

Dr. Davood Kharaghani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone implants
  • bone regeneration
  • bone scaffold
  • guided bone regeneration
  • nanostructure
  • microstructure
  • bone tissue engineering
  • 3D scaffold
  • nanocomposites
  • biocompatible nano and micro for bone

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 6805 KiB  
Article
Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration
by Daniel Oltean-Dan, Gabriela-Bombonica Dogaru, Elena-Mihaela Jianu, Sorin Riga, Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, Aurora Mocanu, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran and Gheorghe Tomoaia
Micromachines 2021, 12(11), 1352; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111352 - 31 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2968
Abstract
Innovative nanomaterials are required for the coatings of titanium (Ti) implants to ensure the activation of Ti surfaces for improved osseointegration, enhanced bone fracture healing and bone regeneration. This paper presents a systematic investigation of biomimetic composite (BC) coatings on Ti implant surfaces [...] Read more.
Innovative nanomaterials are required for the coatings of titanium (Ti) implants to ensure the activation of Ti surfaces for improved osseointegration, enhanced bone fracture healing and bone regeneration. This paper presents a systematic investigation of biomimetic composite (BC) coatings on Ti implant surfaces in a rat model of a diaphyseal femoral fracture. Methodological approaches of surface modification of the Ti implants via the usual joining methods (e.g., grit blasting and acid etching) and advanced physicochemical coating via a self-assembled dip-coating method were used. The biomimetic procedure used multi-substituted hydroxyapatite (ms-HAP) HAP-1.5 wt% Mg-0.2 wt% Zn-0.2 wt% Si nanoparticles (NPs), which were functionalized using collagen type 1 molecules (COL), resulting in ms-HAP/COL (core/shell) NPs that were embedded into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and finally covered with COL layers, obtaining the ms-HAP/COL@PLA/COL composite. To assess the osseointegration issue, first, the thickness, surface morphology and roughness of the BC coating on the Ti implants were determined using AFM and SEM. The BC-coated Ti implants and uncoated Ti implants were then used in Wistar albino rats with a diaphyseal femoral fracture, both in the absence and the presence of high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic shortwave (HF-PESW) stimulation. This study was performed using a bone marker serum concentration and histological and computer tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 2 and 8 weeks after surgical implantation. The implant osseointegration was evaluated through the bone–implant contact (BIC). The bone–implant interface was investigated using FE-SEM images and EDX spectra of the retrieved surgical implants at 8 weeks in the four animal groups. The obtained results showed significantly higher bone–implants contact and bone volume per tissue volume, as well as a greater amount of newly formed bone, in the BC-coated Ti implants than in the uncoated Ti implants. Direct bone–implant contact was also confirmed via histological examination. The results of this study confirmed that these biomimetic composite coatings on Ti implants were essential for a significant enhancement of osseointegration of BC-coated Ti implants and bone regeneration. This research provides a novel strategy for the treatment of bone fractures with possible orthopedic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Microstructures in Bone Regeneration)
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Review

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17 pages, 7044 KiB  
Review
MiRNA-Nanofiber, the Next Generation of Bioactive Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: A Review
by Davood Kharaghani, Eben Bashir Kurniwan, Muhammad Qamar Khan and Yuji Yoshiko
Micromachines 2021, 12(12), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12121472 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3037
Abstract
Scaffold-based bone tissue engineering has been introduced as an alternative treatment option for bone grafting due to limitations in the allograft. Not only physical conditions but also biological conditions such as gene expression significantly impact bone regeneration. Scaffolds in composition with bioactive molecules [...] Read more.
Scaffold-based bone tissue engineering has been introduced as an alternative treatment option for bone grafting due to limitations in the allograft. Not only physical conditions but also biological conditions such as gene expression significantly impact bone regeneration. Scaffolds in composition with bioactive molecules such as miRNA mimics provide a platform to enhance migration, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells for bone regeneration. Among scaffolds, fibrous structures showed significant advantages in promoting osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration via delivering bioactive molecules over the past decade. Here, we reviewed the bone and bone fracture healing considerations for the impact of miRNAs on bone regeneration. We also examined the methods used to improve miRNA mimics uptake by cells, the fabrication of fibrous scaffolds, and the effective delivery of miRNA mimics using fibrous scaffold and their processes for bone development. Finally, we offer our view on the principal challenges of miRNA mimics delivery by nanofibers for bone tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Microstructures in Bone Regeneration)
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