Nanomaterial and Nanostructure-Enabled On-Chip Sensing

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D:Materials and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2020) | Viewed by 14533

Special Issue Editor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Interests: bionanotechnology; bioMEMS; renewable energy technologies; nanomaterials and nanodevices enabled by self-assembly

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On-chip sensing—both label-free sensing and labeled sensing—is becoming an essential technical platform for many different fields. In order to achieve excellent sensitivity and specificity, a variety of nanomaterials and nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanowires, nanopores, nano-channels) have been integrated with microchips or microfluidic chips using various micro- and nano-fabrication processes to enhance their performance. In this Special Issue, nanostructure-enabled sensing chips for chemical, biological, and biomedical applications will be the focus. The suggested topics of interest for research papers, short communications, and review papers include, but are not limited to: (i) fabrication and integration processes of nanomaterials and/or nanostructures on-chip; (ii) nanomaterial or/and nanostructure-enabled label-free sensing; and (iii) nanomaterial and/or nanostructure-based labeled sensing.

Prof. Long Que
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • nanostructures
  • self-assembly
  • micro–nano-fabrication and integration
  • on chip sensing
  • label-free sensing
  • labeled sensing

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5673 KiB  
Article
Development and Characterization of a Novel Low-Cost Water-Level and Water Quality Monitoring Sensor by Using Enhanced Screen Printing Technology with PEDOT:PSS
by Bei Wang, Manuel Baeuscher, Xiaodong Hu, Markus Woehrmann, Katharina Becker, Nils Juergensen, Moritz Hubl, Piotr Mackowiak, Martin Schneider-Ramelow, Klaus-Dieter Lang and Ha-Duong Ngo
Micromachines 2020, 11(5), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11050474 - 30 Apr 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3507
Abstract
A novel capacitive sensor for measuring the water-level and monitoring the water quality has been developed in this work by using an enhanced screen printing technology. A commonly used environment-friendly conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for conductive sensors has a limited conductivity due [...] Read more.
A novel capacitive sensor for measuring the water-level and monitoring the water quality has been developed in this work by using an enhanced screen printing technology. A commonly used environment-friendly conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for conductive sensors has a limited conductivity due to its high sheet resistance. A physical treatment performed during the printing process has reduced the sheet resistance of printed PEDOT:PSS on polyethylenterephthalat (PET) substrate from 264.39 Ω/sq to 23.44 Ω/sq. The adhesion bonding force between printed PEDOT:PSS and the substrate PET is increased by using chemical treatment and tested using a newly designed adhesive peeling force test. Using the economical conductive ink PEDOT:PSS with this new physical treatment, our capacitive sensors are cost-efficient and have a sensitivity of up to 1.25 pF/mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial and Nanostructure-Enabled On-Chip Sensing)
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12 pages, 8763 KiB  
Article
Development of Pressure-Responsive PolyPropylene and Biochar-Based Materials
by Amir Noori, Mattia Bartoli, Alberto Frache, Erik Piatti, Mauro Giorcelli and Alberto Tagliaferro
Micromachines 2020, 11(4), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11040339 - 25 Mar 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 3341
Abstract
In this research paper, we reported the synthesis of biochar-based composites using biochar derived from exhausted tea leaves and polypropylene. The resulting materials were deeply characterized investigating mechanical (dynamic mechanical thermal analysis), thermal (thermogravimetrical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), morphological (field emission scanning [...] Read more.
In this research paper, we reported the synthesis of biochar-based composites using biochar derived from exhausted tea leaves and polypropylene. The resulting materials were deeply characterized investigating mechanical (dynamic mechanical thermal analysis), thermal (thermogravimetrical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), morphological (field emission scanning microscopy) and electrical properties vs. temperature. Furthermore, electrical conductivity was studied for a wide range of pressures showing an irreversible plastic deformation. An increment of one order of magnitude in the conductivity was observed in the case of 40 wt% biochar loading, reaching a value of 0.2 S/m. The material produced exhibited the properties of an irreversible pressure sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial and Nanostructure-Enabled On-Chip Sensing)
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8 pages, 2121 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of SnO2 Composite Nanofiber-Based Gas Sensor Using the Electrospinning Method for Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Detection
by Pouria Mehrabi, Justin Hui, Sajjad Janfaza, Allen O’Brien, Nishat Tasnim, Homayoun Najjaran and Mina Hoorfar
Micromachines 2020, 11(2), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11020190 - 12 Feb 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3185
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are of great importance in many applications involving either control of hazardous chemicals or noninvasive diagnosis. In this study, the sensor is [...] Read more.
This paper presents the development of a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are of great importance in many applications involving either control of hazardous chemicals or noninvasive diagnosis. In this study, the sensor is fabricated based on tin dioxide (SnO2) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) using electrospinning. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor is further improved by calcination and gold doping. The gold doping of composite nanofibers is achieved using sputtering, and the calcination is performed using a high-temperature oven. The performance of the sensor with different doping thicknesses and different calcination temperatures is investigated to identify the optimum fabrication parameters resulting in high sensitivity. The optimum calcination temperature and duration are found to be 350 °C and 4 h, respectively and the optimum thickness of the gold dopant is found to be 10 nm. The sensor with the optimum fabrication process is then embedded in a microchannel coated with several metallic and polymeric layers. The performance of the sensor is compared with that of a commercial sensor. The comparison is performed for methanol and a mixture of methanol and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis. It is shown that the proposed sensor outperforms the commercial sensor when it is embedded inside the channel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial and Nanostructure-Enabled On-Chip Sensing)
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Review

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27 pages, 8364 KiB  
Review
On-Chip Detection of the Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Technologies and Prospects
by Chao Song, Suya Que, Lucas Heimer and Long Que
Micromachines 2020, 11(7), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11070629 - 28 Jun 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4099
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and glaucoma are all regarded as neurodegenerative diseases (neuro-DDs) because these diseases are highly related to the degeneration loss of functions and death of neurons with aging. The conventional diagnostic methods such as neuroimaging for these diseases [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and glaucoma are all regarded as neurodegenerative diseases (neuro-DDs) because these diseases are highly related to the degeneration loss of functions and death of neurons with aging. The conventional diagnostic methods such as neuroimaging for these diseases are not only expensive but also time-consuming, resulting in significant financial burdens for patients and public health challenge for nations around the world. Hence early detection of neuro-DDs in a cost-effective and rapid manner is critically needed. For the past decades, some chip-based detection technologies have been developed to address this challenge, showing great potential in achieving point-of-care (POC) diagnostics of neuro-DDs. In this review, chip-based detection of neuro-DDs’ biomarkers enabled by different transducing mechanisms is evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial and Nanostructure-Enabled On-Chip Sensing)
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