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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals
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Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 9648

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kwang Won Seo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; virulence factors; multiple drug resistance; transmission
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogenic bacteria are an important source of disease that can threaten human and animal health. Among pathogenic bacteria and disease, zoonotic bacteria are very important in One Health. In particular, antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria is more important than any specific bacterium due to the spread of antibiotic resistance and pathogenic factors. Antimicrobial resistance can lead to failure in the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the severe challenges facing public health this century. This threat is recognized as a global problem that helped to break up the barriers of human settings a long time ago. AMR is reported in all compartments of the ecosystem, and, accordingly with the WHO, CDC and ECDC, continuous surveillance continues to be a powerful tool in the fight against AMR. This Special Issue proposes to build upon one the analysis of pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria, through attracting and agglutinating new data, updates, opinions, points of view and scientific perspectives on pathogenic bacteria.

You are invited to submit research articles, review articles, and short communications related to the molecular characteristics, pathogenicity, immunology, and antimicrobial resistance of animal pathogenic bacteria.

Dr. Kwang Won Seo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • zoonotic foodborne bacteria
  • salmonellosis
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • virulence gene
  • multiple drug resistance
  • ESBL
  • beta-lactamases
  • PMQR
  • carbapenemases
  • MRSA

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 561 KiB  
Article
Elimination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Mammary Glands of Dairy Cows by an Additional Antibiotic Treatment Prior to Dry Cow Treatment
by Bernd-Alois Tenhagen, Mirka Elisabeth Wörmann, Anja Gretzschel, Mirjam Grobbel, Sven Maurischat and Tobias Lienen
Microorganisms 2024, 12(12), 2651; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122651 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 579
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been isolated from quarter milk samples of dairy cows, raising concerns over transmission to consumers of raw milk. This study investigates whether pre-treatment before dry-off can increase the success rate of dry cow treatment against MRSA. MRSA positive [...] Read more.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been isolated from quarter milk samples of dairy cows, raising concerns over transmission to consumers of raw milk. This study investigates whether pre-treatment before dry-off can increase the success rate of dry cow treatment against MRSA. MRSA positive cows were assigned to two treatment groups. Both groups received dry cow treatment with a licensed product. The test group was additionally treated intramammarily with pirlimycin over seven days prior to the dry-off treatment. The use of pirlimycin increased the elimination of MRSA from previously MRSA positive udder quarters significantly (96.0 vs. 53.3%). However, MRSA were still present in noses and udder clefts of cows in MRSA negative quarter milk samples. New infections were observed in some quarters in both groups. Quarters that remained positive carried the same strain as prior to treatment. All MRSA isolates were associated with clonal complex CC398. Resistance to pirlimycin associated with the genes erm(C) or lnu(B) was observed in one isolate each from new infections after calving. Pretreatment supported the elimination of MRSA from the udder but did not eliminate MRSA from other body sites. Using the treatment will not eliminate the bacteria from the herd. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals)
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19 pages, 1833 KiB  
Article
Genomic Diversity and Virulence Factors of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Healthy and Necrotic Enteritis-Affected Broiler Chicken Farms in Quebec Province
by Sara Heidarpanah, Kevin Li, Alexandre Thibodeau, Ilhem Meniaï, Valeria R. Parreira, Sylvain Quessy, Mariela Segura, Nahuel Fittipaldi and Marie-Lou Gaucher
Microorganisms 2024, 12(12), 2624; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122624 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
Avian necrotic enteritis due to the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens has re-emerged following the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in many poultry producing countries. The limited number of previous studies has left important gaps in our understanding of the genetic diversity and virulence [...] Read more.
Avian necrotic enteritis due to the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens has re-emerged following the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in many poultry producing countries. The limited number of previous studies has left important gaps in our understanding of the genetic diversity and virulence traits of the pathogen. To address these knowledge gaps, in this study, we sequenced the genomes of 41 Clostridium perfringens isolates recovered from commercial broiler chicken flocks in Quebec, Canada, including isolates from healthy birds and those affected by necrotic enteritis. We sought to understand the pangenome diversity and interrogated the genomes for key virulence factors involved in necrotic enteritis pathogenesis. On average, the genomes had a GC content of 28% and contained 3206 coding sequences. A variable presence of toxins, degradative hydrolytic enzymes, and collagen-binding proteins was also found. Through pangenome analysis, we revealed a total of 10,223 genes, 652 (6.4%) of which formed the core genome. Additionally, we identified 17 different plasmids, 12 antibiotic resistance genes, and nine prophage regions. Overall, our results demonstrated a relatively high genetic diversity among chicken Clostridium perfringens isolates collected from the same geographical location, offering new insights into potential virulence mechanisms and adaptation of the pathogen within poultry populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals)
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18 pages, 1021 KiB  
Article
Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli from Brazilian Broilers
by Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati, Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles, Beatriz Pereira Savi, Mariane Dahmer, Eduardo Correa Muniz, Vilmar Benetti Filho, Mariana Alves Elois, Doris Sobral Marques Souza and Gislaine Fongaro
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071463 - 18 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1910
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, one of the main diseases leading to economic losses in industrial poultry farming due to high morbidity and mortality and its role in the condemnation of chicken carcasses. This study aimed to isolate and characterize APEC [...] Read more.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, one of the main diseases leading to economic losses in industrial poultry farming due to high morbidity and mortality and its role in the condemnation of chicken carcasses. This study aimed to isolate and characterize APEC obtained from necropsied chickens on Brazilian poultry farms. Samples from birds already necropsied by routine inspection were collected from 100 batches of broiler chickens from six Brazilian states between August and November 2021. Three femurs were collected per batch, and characteristic E. coli colonies were isolated on MacConkey agar and characterized by qualitative PCR for minimal predictive APEC genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing to identify species, serogroups, virulence genes, and resistance genes. Phenotypic resistance indices revealed significant resistance to several antibiotics from different antimicrobial classes. The isolates harbored virulence genes linked to APEC pathogenicity, including adhesion, iron acquisition, serum resistance, and toxins. Aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected in 79.36% of isolates, 74.6% had sulfonamide resistance genes, 63.49% showed β-lactam resistance genes, and 49.2% possessed at least one tetracycline resistance gene. This study found a 58% prevalence of avian pathogenic E. coli in Brazilian poultry, with strains showing notable antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals)
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12 pages, 58719 KiB  
Article
Pathogenicity of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Ducks
by Yulin Xu, Zhitong Yu, Shaopeng Wu, Mengze Song, Lulu Cui, Shuhong Sun and Jiaqiang Wu
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071359 - 2 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1367
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is one of the most common Salmonella serotypes in epidemiological surveys of poultry farms in recent years. It causes growth retardation, mortality, and significant economic losses. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistance [...] Read more.
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is one of the most common Salmonella serotypes in epidemiological surveys of poultry farms in recent years. It causes growth retardation, mortality, and significant economic losses. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella, which has become a significant global problem and long-term challenge. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and features of S. typhimurium strains in duck embryos and cloacal swabs from large-scale duck farms in Shandong, China, including drug resistance and virulence genes and the pathogenicity of an S. typhimurium strain by animal experiment. The results demonstrated that a total of 8 S. typhimurium strains were isolated from 13,621 samples. The drug resistance results showed that three of the eight S. typhimurium strains were MDR with the dominant resistance profile of CTX-DX-CTR-TE-AMX-AMP-CAZ. In particular, the virulence genes invA, hilA, pefA, rck, and sefA showed high positive rates. Based on the analysis of the biological characteristics of bacterial biofilm formation and mobility, a strain of S. typhimurium with the strongest biofilm formation ability, designated 22SD07, was selected for animal infection experiments with broiler ducklings. The results of animal experiments demonstrated that infection with 22SD07 reduced body weight and bursa index but increased heart and liver indexes compared to the control group. Histological examination revealed desquamation of the intestinal villous epithelium, the presence of large aggregates of lymphocytes, and a decrease in goblet cells following infection. Furthermore, the expression of IL-10 was significantly increased in the liver at 3 dpi, while TNF-α was significantly increased in the spleen at 7 dpi. The above results indicate that S. typhimurium may pose a potential threat to human health through the food chain. This helps us to understand the frequency and characteristics of S. typhimurium in duck farms and emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen and implement effective continuous monitoring to control its infection and transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals)
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10 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
First Report on the Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Raw Beef and Cow Feces in Vietnam
by Hoang Minh Duc, Tran Thi Khanh Hoa, Nguyen Van Thang and Hoang Minh Son
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1305; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071305 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (COE) has been recently recognized as a serious threat to animal and human health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of COE isolated from raw beef and cow feces in Vietnam. Our results showed that [...] Read more.
Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (COE) has been recently recognized as a serious threat to animal and human health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of COE isolated from raw beef and cow feces in Vietnam. Our results showed that 16% (16/100) and 32% (32/100) of raw beef and cow feces samples were positive for COE, respectively. A total of 48 COE strains were isolated, with 16 originating from raw beef and 32 from cow feces samples. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the COE isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, florfenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid, with resistance rates ranging from 66.67% to 87.5%. In addition, 87.5% of the isolates were identified to be multidrug-resistant strains. Further molecular characterization indicated that all COE isolates carried the mcr-1 gene, with 16 of them also harboring blaCTX-M-55 genes. Taken together, the findings in this study demonstrate that raw beef and cow feces are important sources of COE, which can be potentially transmitted to humans through the food chain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals)
21 pages, 5292 KiB  
Article
Ovine and Caprine Strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis on Czech Farms—A Comparative Study
by Jirina Markova, Denisa Langova, Vladimir Babak and Iveta Kostovova
Microorganisms 2024, 12(5), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050875 - 27 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a worldwide disease of small ruminants caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a facultative intracellular pathogen that is able to survive and multiply in certain white blood cells of the host. In this study, 33 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis were [...] Read more.
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a worldwide disease of small ruminants caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a facultative intracellular pathogen that is able to survive and multiply in certain white blood cells of the host. In this study, 33 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from sheep and goats suffering from CLA on nine farms in the Czech Republic. All these strains were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility, ability to form a biofilm and resistance to the effects of commonly used disinfectant agents. To better understand the virulence of C. pseudotuberculosis, the genomes of strains were sequenced and comparative genomic analysis was performed with another 123 genomes of the same species, including ovis and equi biovars, downloaded from the NCBI. The genetic determinants for the virulence factors responsible for adherence and virulence factors specialized for iron uptake and exotoxin phospholipase D were revealed in every analyzed genome. Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes were compared, revealing the presence of genetic determinants encoding exo-α-sialidase (GH33) and the CP40 protein in most of the analyzed genomes. Thirty-three Czech strains of C. pseudotuberculosis were identified as the biovar ovis on the basis of comparative genome analysis. All the compared genomes of the biovar ovis strains were highly similar regardless of their country of origin or host, reflecting their clonal behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals)
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