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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Elements in Bacteria, 2nd Edition
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Elements in Bacteria, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3888

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carlo Pazzani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; mobile and mobilisable genetic elements; genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance; horizontal transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Vibrionaceae
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Scrascia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: symbiotic bacteria associated with microorganisms (e.g. sponges, insects); environmental and clinical bacteria with antibacterial activity; bacteria genome analysis; bacteria horizontal gene transfer; CRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carla Calia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and the Environment, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; mobile and mobilisable genetic elements; genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance; horizontal transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue, “Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Elements in Bacteria”.

Antimicrobial resistance has been recognized as an emerging problem at the world scale. The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria have a wide range of repercussions, particularly in the choice of appropriate antimicrobials in the clinical field and anthropogenic activities such as farming. Hospital-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increasingly been reported over the last few decades, and in the absence of newly developed molecules, infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria are expected to represent one of the leading causes of death in the coming years. The upsurge of resistance is mainly due to the diffusion of resistance genes through the often-excessive use of antimicrobials which drive the selection of both drug-resistant bacteria and genetic elements associated with antimicrobial-resistance genes. Plasmids, transposons, insertion sequences, and integrons are among the genetic elements that more greatly contribute to the spread of antimicrobial-resistance genes. These genetic elements allow a continuous intra- and intercellular dialogue among them, and with chromosomes. Their mediated gene shuffling and horizontal transfer allow bacteria to shift their phenotypes to different antimicrobial resistances.

The scope of this Special Issue is to collect original articles to update knowledge on the role played by different genetic elements in the spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Manuscripts highlighting the role in antimicrobial resistance of genetic elements others than plasmids, transposons, insertion sequences, and integrons are also welcome. It is our pleasure to invite you to also submit review articles or short communications related to these topics.

Dr. Carlo Pazzani
Dr. Maria Scrascia
Dr. Carla Calia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plasmids
  • transposons
  • insertion sequences
  • integrons
  • antimicrobial-resistance genes
  • horizontal transfer

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2893 KiB  
Article
A Retrospective Analysis of Salmonella Isolates across 11 Animal Species (1982–1999) Led to the First Identification of Chromosomally Encoded blaSCO-1 in the USA
by Nneka Vivian Iduu, Donna Raiford, Austin Conley, Joy Scaria, Julie Nelson, Laura Ruesch, Stuart Price, Min Yue, Jiansen Gong, Lanjing Wei and Chengming Wang
Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030528 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1337
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-typhoidal Salmonella is a pressing public health concern in the United States, necessitating continuous surveillance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 251 Salmonella isolates from 11 animal species recovered between 1982 and 1999, utilizing serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-typhoidal Salmonella is a pressing public health concern in the United States, necessitating continuous surveillance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 251 Salmonella isolates from 11 animal species recovered between 1982 and 1999, utilizing serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Phenotypic resistance was observed in 101 isolates, with S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Agona, and S. Muenster prevailing among 36 identified serovars. Notably, resistance to 12 of 17 antibiotics was detected, with ampicillin being most prevalent (79/251). We identified 38 resistance genes, primarily mediating aminoglycoside (n = 13) and β-lactamase (n = 6) resistance. Plasmid analysis unveiled nine distinct plasmids associated with AMR genes in these isolates. Chromosomally encoded blaSCO-1 was present in three S. Typhimurium and two S. Muenster isolates from equine samples, conferring resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters for these five isolates, indicating evolutionary divergence. This study represents the first report of blaSCO-1 in the USA, and our recovered isolates harboring this gene as early as 1989 precede those of all other reports. The enigmatic nature of blaSCO-1 prompts further research into its function. Our findings highlight the urgency of addressing antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella for effective public health interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Elements in Bacteria, 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 1597 KiB  
Communication
Investigation of Delafloxacin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains and the Detection of E. coli ST43 International High-Risk Clone
by Dániel Gulyás, Katalin Kamotsay, Dóra Szabó and Béla Kocsis
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061602 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2011
Abstract
Delafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone agent that is approved for clinical application. In this study, we analyzed the antibacterial efficacy of delafloxacin in a collection of 47 Escherichia coli strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method and minimum inhibitory [...] Read more.
Delafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone agent that is approved for clinical application. In this study, we analyzed the antibacterial efficacy of delafloxacin in a collection of 47 Escherichia coli strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for delafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and imipenem. Two multidrug-resistant E. coli strains, which exhibited delafloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance as well as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In our study, delafloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance rates were 47% (22/47) and 51% (24/47), respectively. In the strain collection, 46 E. coli were associated with ESBL production. The MIC50 value for delafloxacin was 0.125 mg/L, while all other fluoroquinolones had an MIC50 value of 0.25 mg/L in our collection. Delafloxacin susceptibility was detected in 20 ESBL positive and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli strains; by contrast, E. coli strains that exhibited a ciprofloxacin MIC value above 1 mg/L were delafloxacin-resistant. WGS analysis on the two selected E. coli strains (920/1 and 951/2) demonstrated that delafloxacin resistance is mediated by multiple chromosomal mutations, namely, five mutations in E. coli 920/1 (gyrA S83L, D87N, parC S80I, E84V, and parE I529L) and four mutations in E. coli 951/2 (gyrA S83L, D87N, parC S80I, and E84V). Both strains carried an ESBL gene, blaCTX-M-1 in E. coli 920/1 and blaCTX-M-15 in E. coli 951/2. Based on multilocus sequence typing, both strains belong to the E. coli sequence type 43 (ST43). In this paper, we report a remarkable high rate (47%) of delafloxacin resistance among multidrug-resistant E. coli as well as the E. coli ST43 international high-risk clone in Hungary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Elements in Bacteria, 2nd Edition)
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